The aim of this study was to determine the relationships between body defects, egg and chick quality and hatching results at different age periods of the laying period of partridges raised in production conditions (cage system). The study was based on three different periods. The first period is the pre-peak egg production period (˂200 eggs), the second period is the peak egg production period (˃200 eggs) and the third period is the post-peak egg production period (˂200 eggs). These periods also represent the age of the animals. As material, 432 female and 216 male partridges in their first egg production year were used. The study was organized according to the random plots experimental plan. There were changes in body defects and other health parameters depending on egg production periods. Foot-pad dermatitis and elbow burns increased with increasing age. Parent partridges had better head, neck, back, chest and tail feather condition before peak egg production. Egg weight increased with advancing age. Hatching egg characteristics such as excessively pointed eggs and eggs with calcium deposits decreased in the peak and post-peak yield period. Eggshell transparency increased with advancing age. Fertility was higher in the pre-peak egg yield period compared to other periods. Hatchability was lower after the peak period. Tona score of chicks decreased with age. There were weak negative and positive phenotypic correlations between many traits. Practices that prevent body injuries in the early egg production period and deteriorating feather condition with advancing age, decreasing shell opacity, deterioration in hatching performance and chick quality traits in partridges will be beneficial in terms of increasing both production performance and animal welfare.

Plants are used by humans not only as food, but also for therapeutic purposes in medicine, as fuel and coloring matter. Plants, which are among the natural products consumed as traditional medicines, are used in the treatment of many diseases. Nowadays, many plants are widely used as nutritional supplements to strengthen the immune system or as an auxiliary nutritional supplement with other drugs in the treatment of chronic diseases. The plant Arum maculatum L. examined in this study is an angiosperm and monocotyledonous plant belonging to the family Araceae and a species in the order Arales. In this study it is aimed to study the bioavailability of Arum plant by using C. elegans nematode as a model organism. This study, the effects of the extract obtained by ethyl alcohol and water phase extraction of A. maculatum L., which is collected in spring and summer months and consumed by cooking fresh leaves and believed to be a source of healing, on the life span, egg production and growth-development parameters of Caenorhabditis elegans nematode were investigated. The data obtained were evaluated by SPSS program. Significant differences were found in C. elegans cultures of the extracts obtained from the leaves and flower parts of the plant in ethyl alcohol and water solvents compared to the control group. It was observed that the survival rates of C. elegans nematodes generally increased with the application of different doses of plant water extracts. This research will provide a reference for further research on the mechanism of Arum plants in the treatment of some diseases. Our research shows that this plant may have the potential therapeutic target about fertilization and growth and development process.

Agroforestry is a system that combines household and community level food production ecosystem services along with income security. It has potential of carbon sequestration and puts a positive impact on balancing greenhouse gases. The research was carried out to assess the variability of carbon stock under the agro-forestry systems in Churiya range at Rakshirang Rural Municipality of Makwanpur district of Nepal. Thirty households were sampled for this study; ten households from each of three different systems namely, Agrisilviculture, Silvopasture and Homegarden for data collection. Simple random sampling was used for the sample plot selection from the selected agroforestry systems for biomass and soil carbon estimation. Each system consisted of ten sample plots. Diameter and height of all trees with diameter at breast height greater than 10 cm were measured. The diameters of the trees were measured at standard height, i.e., diameter at breast height. Above ground biomass, below ground biomass and soil organic carbon were summed to determine the total carbon stock in the agroforestry systems. Collected data were analyzed through tabular analysis, and volume and biomass estimation of the trees. Total carbon stock was found higher in Silvopasture system (32.41t/ha), 28.58 t/ha in Agrisilviculture system and 30.71 t/ha in Homegarden system. Results have shown the potentiality of agroforestry systems for carbon sequestration. Such systems need to be promoted for their efforts by encouraging them with some subsidized input support, financial support or some capacity building trainings by the government.

This study aimed to evaluate the industrial potential of herbal tea formulations derived from black and white myrtle (Myrtus communis L.) fruits and leaves collected from the Mersin province of Türkiye. Myrtle fruits were processed as fresh, and with use oven-dried (105 °C), and freeze-dried methods, and combined with 3–5% myrtle leaves to create various tea blends. While the dried tea samples had high levels of total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity, the transfer rate of these bioactive compounds into the infusion varied depending on the formulation and drying method. In myrtle tea samples, the pH values ranged from 5.25 to 7.98, while the titratable acidity was determined between 0.01% and 0.09% (as citric acid equivalents). Moisture content varied from 99.91 to 99.15 g/100 g, and the ash content ranged from 0.004% to 0.74%. Regarding color attributes, the L* values (lightness) ranged between 24.44 and 27.72, the a* values (red/green axis) between 0.20 and 1.68, and the b* values (yellow/blue axis) ranged from -0.78 to 2.08. According to the sensory evaluation results conducted by expert panelists, most of the myrtle tea samples were found to be generally well-liked. Among all formulations, the tea sample identified as CODE-473 (3% freeze-dried black myrtle fruit + 5% myrtle leaves) received the highest overall acceptability score, with an average of 3.80 on a five-point scale, particularly in terms of odor, flavor, and overall preference. The mean overall acceptability score across all myrtle tea samples was determined to be 2.57, indicating a moderate level of consumer acceptance. Sensory evaluation results, analyzed via principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering, revealed key patterns among the tea samples. Myrtle-based teas demonstrated potential for industrial-scale production as value-added functional beverages, combining sensory appeal with bioactive benefits. The findings underscore the potential of myrtle as a versatile raw material for food innovation, particularly in Mediterranean contexts, and warrant further investigation into its broader applications.

In this study, the nutrient content and in vitro true digestibility (IVTD) of seedling pumpkin wastes silages were investigated by adding bran and straw. After the harvest of pumpkin seeds in the Ayrancı region of Karaman, the pulp was taken from the field and ensiled in 1 L glass jars. For this purpose, the silages were ensiled in 5 groups and 4 replications: as no additive (C), 10% wheat bran additive (10B), 20% wheat bran additive (20B), 10% straw additive (10S) and 20% straw (20S). The silages were opened after 45 days and pH, dry matter, crude protein, ash, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), IVTD and fleig scores were examined. Silage pH values did not differ significantly among treatments (p>0.05). The silages dry matter was; 4.00±0.28, 12.68±1.19, 22.41±0.03, 13.70±0.24 and 22.74±1.31 (p<0.05), crude protein was highest in the 20B (15.32±0.06) group and lowest in the 20S group (5.28±0.11) (p<0.05). The NDF was higher in straw groups than the other groups (p<0.05). The ADF was highest in the C group and lowest in the 20B group (p<0.05). The highest IVTD was 74.96±1.03 in the C group, and the lowest was 59.89±0.99 in the 10% straw-added group. As a result of the study, at least 20% wheat bran as absorbent material should be used in order to make satisfactory silage from seedling pumpkin pulp.

Bu çalışma, Türkiye hayvancılık sektörünün mevcut durumunu kırmızı et üretimi, hayvan varlığı, destekleme politikaları ve dış ticaret uygulamaları bağlamında kapsamlı bir şekilde değerlendirmektedir. Sektörde yaşanan yapısal sorunlar, özellikle dişi hayvan kesimi, genç hayvan temininde yaşanan güçlükler ve arz-talep dengesizlikleri, kırmızı et fiyatları üzerinde önemli baskılar oluşturmaktadır. Bu bağlamda çalışmanın önemli katkılarından biri, kırmızı et üretimi ile fiyatları arasındaki kısa ve uzun dönemli ilişkilerin asimetrik VECM modeli ile analiz edilmesidir. Bulgular, üretim artışları ile azalışlarının et fiyatlarına etkisinin yön ve büyüklük bakımından farklılaştığını; yani piyasada asimetrik bir etki-tepki mekanizmasının bulunduğunu göstermektedir. Özellikle negatif yönlü üretim şoklarının fiyatlar üzerindeki etkisi pozitif şoklara göre daha güçlü ve kalıcıdır. Ayrıca mevcut destekleme politikalarının, bölgesel ihtiyaçları yeterince dikkate almadan uygulandığı ve bu durumun üretim verimliliğini artırmada sınırlı bir etki yarattığı vurgulanmaktadır. Çalışma, kırmızı et sektörünün sürdürülebilirliği için arz güvenliğini önceleyen, uzun vadeli ve üretici odaklı politikalara duyulan ihtiyacı ortaya koymaktadır.

This study investigates the impact of black elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) extract on the climbing performance and locomotor behaviours of Drosophila melanogaster, utilizing AI-supported image analysis. Oregon strain fruit flies were fed diets with different concentrations (1%, 3%, 5%) of black elderberry extract, administered both acutely (48 hours) and chronically (10 days). Young (3-5 days old) and aged (40-45 days old) flies, separated by sex, were evaluated with the negative geotaxis test. Results showed that the extract improved climbing speed, maximum height reached, and path efficiency in a concentration-dependent manner. In young flies, 5% extract increased climbing speed by 46.67%, while in aged flies, the increase was 62.75%. Behavioural analysis using K-means clustering revealed that extract-fed flies were more frequently classified as “fast climbers.” Chronic exposure proved more effective than acute exposure. Notably, aged flies experienced significant improvements, suggesting black elderberry may slow age-related declines in performance. These findings emphasize the extract’s antioxidant properties as a potential enhancer of locomotor function and a means to mitigate age-related decline, offering insights into the role of natural antioxidants in aging and their therapeutic potential.

This study was assessed the approximate their antioxidant capacity and certain bioactive components of Glycyrrhiza glabra L., Morus nigra L. and Urtica dioica L.  which can be employed as feed supplements. DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2,2'-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging tests were carried out to measure the antiradical properties of these plants. The average DPPH radical cleaning activities of Morus nigra L., Glycyrrhiza glabra L.  and Urtica dioica L.’s powder extracts of methanol, were measured as 86.37%, 92.90%, 71.98% respectively. The average ABTS radical cleaning activities of Morus nigra L., Glycyrrhiza glabra L.  and Urtica dioica L.’s powder extracts of methanol were measured as 90.83%, 98.07%, 83.62% respectively. Morus nigra L. was found to contain the highest levels of flavonoid (19.80 μg GAE/g) and phenolic (40.79 μg GAE/g) components. It has been measured those phenolic acids and flavonoid were found in different proportions in these plants. While the highest concentration of gallic and hydrocinnamic acid were found in Morus nigra L., vanillic, caffeic and ferulic acids were found in Glycyrrhiza glabra L. and only rosmarinic acid was found in Urtica dioica L. The highest levels of flavonoids were found in Glycyrrhiza glabra L. except for kaempferol. According to the analysis results, it can be said that Glycyrrhiza glabra L. has more effective antiradical and phycochemical effects as feed additive.

One of the studies conducted for the recycling and sustainability of food wastes, which are widely used in the world, is the production of Bokashi Compost as a type of compost obtained with active microorganisms, which means fermented organic matter in Japanese. The present study was conducted to make Bokashi Compost from vegetable and fruit wastes obtained from grocery stores and vegetable markets and to determine the basic characteristics of the compost. The study was conducted at Selçuk University Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Physical Analysis Laboratory. Vegetable and fruit waste collected from neighbourhood markets and grocery stores in Konya were placed in vacuum plastic buckets and mixed with lacto serum and bran. Vacuum plastic buckets were vacuumed and closed so as not to let any air and left to ferment for 28 days. The resulting compost was analysed for pH, EC, % C, % N values, C/N ratio, and some elements (P, Ca, Mg, Na, K, Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, B). According to the data obtained, it was concluded that Bokashi Compost can be made and used in a short time.

Sumac (Rhus coriaria L.), a member of the Anacardiaceae family, is a medicinal and aromatic plant historically known for its use both as a culinary spice and in traditional medicine. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the phytochemical composition of sumac, with a particular emphasis on its polyphenolic compounds and their associated therapeutic effects. The fruits and leaves of Rhus coriaria contain various phenolic acids such as gallic acid, ellagic acid, caffeic acid, and chlorogenic acid; flavonoids including quercetin, rutin, kaempferol, luteolin, and apigenin; as well as anthocyanins such as cyanidin, delphinidin, and peonidin. Other significant phytochemical groups include gallotannins, ellagitannins, volatile compounds, organic acids, sugars, polysaccharides, sterols, and vitamins. These constituents exhibit a wide range of pharmacological effects, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticancer, antidiabetic, neuroprotective, anti-ischemic, and gastroprotective activities. The polyphenols exert these effects through biological mechanisms such as free radical scavenging, enzyme inhibition, DNA protection, and modulation of cellular signaling pathways. Furthermore, the sterols and vitamins found in sumac contribute to immune system support, lipid profile regulation, and cardiovascular protection. Numerous in vitro, in vivo, and preclinical studies have demonstrated the efficacy of these compounds. Thus, Rhus coriaria should be considered not only for its traditional uses but also as a promising natural resource in modern functional food development and phytotherapy.