Bu çalışma, Kırşehir İlinde yetiştirilen Akkaraman ırkı koyunlarda gebeliğin son döneminde yapılan ek yemlemenin kuzularda doğum ve çeşitli dönemlerdeki ağırlıklar üzerine etkisinin belirlenmesi amacı ile yapılmıştır. Araştırma materyalini, 580 baş Akkaraman koyunu ve bunların 2015 doğum sezonunda doğurmuş oldukları 554 baş Akkaraman kuzusu oluşturmuştur. Akkaraman koyunları iki gruba ayrılmıştır. Her iki gruba da buğday samanı gebelik süresince verilmiştir. Ek yemleme grubuna (EYG), gebeliğin son döneminde buğday samanına ek kesif yem (400 gr/hayvan) verilmiştir. Kontrol grubuna (KG) ise gebelik süresince sadece buğday samanı verilmiştir. Araştırmada kuzuların çeşitli dönem canlı ağırlıkları, yaşama güçleri ve Akkaraman koyunlarının bazı döl verim özellikleri incelenmiştir. Akkaraman koyunlarında döl verim özelliklerinden kısırlık oranı, doğum oranı, ikizlik oranı, yavru atma oranı, koç altı koyun başına kuzu sayısı ve doğuran koyun başına kuzu sayısı değerleri EYG ve KG gruplarında sırasıyla %12 ve %9, %86 ve %91, %13 ve %5, %2 ve %0, 0,96 ve 0,95, 1,12 ve 1,04 olarak bulunmuştur. Kuzularda yaşama gücü 90. gün ve 120. günde EYG ve KG gruplarında sırasıyla %84, %80 ve %91, %91 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Akkaraman kuzularının doğum, 90. ve 120. günlük yaştaki canlı ağırlık ortalamaları EYG ve KG gruplarında sırasıyla 5,82±0,06 kg, 30,94±0,44 kg, 35,91±0,09 kg ve 3,43±0,05 kg, 30,17±0,39 kg, 30,84±0,39 kg olarak tespit edilmiştir. Ek yemlemenin, cinsiyet ve doğum tipine göre, doğum ağırlığı ve 120. gün yaş ağırlığı üzerine etkisi önemli bulunmuştur. 90. gün ağırlığı bakımından ise sadece doğum tipinin etkisi çok önemli bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak, gebeliğin son döneminde yapılan ek yemlemenin kuzuların doğum ve 120. gün ağırlıklarını artırdığı tespit edilmiştir.

This study is on the optimization of the medium for solubilization of phosphate based on the Box-Behnken design and response surface methodology. Optimization of the liquid medium for phosphate solubilization using Serratia marcescens strain AGKT4 was carried out by varying the concentrations of 3 ingredients; the fructose, peptone and inoculum size of bacteria. A mathematical model derived from the response surface methodology was then validated statistically for the target test variables. The highest phosphate solubilization in the medium was achieved at the optimal concentrations of fructose and peptone at 6% (w/v) and 0.6% (w/v), respectively. The maximum phosphate solubilization at these concentrations was 239.12 µg/mL. Under the same conditions, the bacterial growth in the medium was 9 log10 CFU.

The study was designed to asses the residual effect of organic N (Poultry Manure) and mineral N on maize crop in field experiments carried out on silty clay loam soil at NIFA, Tarnab, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) Pakistan during 2014-15. Combined dose of N from both sources were 120 kg ha-1 applied to wheat crop alone and in different combination making six treatments. Maize variety (Azam) was sown in Randomized complete block (RCB) design with four replications. Agronomic data, grains ear-1, 1000 grain weight, biomass grain yield data, N-uptake in maize grain and straw were recorded. Results showed that maximum grain ear−1, 1000 grain weight, biomass and grain yield was obtained from treatment where 25% N applied from poultry manure + 75% from mineral N source applied to previous wheat crop. Agronomic efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency were also found maximum in treatment where 75% poultry manure + 25% mineral N was applied. It was concluded from the study that residual effect of organic manure with mineral N in different ratios enhances crop productivity and soil fertility.

Due to its importance for organic agriculture, one of the most important agricultural production systems, various sources have been proposed to increase soil organic matter content. Vermicompost is one of those sources known as the resistant last form of farmyard manure which is degraded by earthworms. Soil organic matter or humus and their compounds are nutrient sources that increase physical, chemical and biological quality of soil. Humus and humus compounds improve soil physical, chemical and biological quality parameters increasing rhizosphere aeration and water holding capacity, rehabilitating soil structure, providing plant nutrients and constituting natural media for microorganisms with their regulative effects on soil reactions. In this study, the effects of vermicompost on yield and some growth parameters of lettuce were investigated. For this purpose, a random block designed experiment with 5 different applications was conducted in 3 replicates. The applications were control, vermicompost applications of 100 kg, 200 kg and 300 kg per decare and conventional fertilization. According to the results obtained, yield and growth parameters were improved by vermicompost application when compared to control and conventional fertilization. As a result of this study, it was concluded that 300 kg vermicompost/da is a promising application in lettuce production for optimal yield and soil improvement.

In this study, static stress-deformation analyzes (in terms of material strengths) were presented comparatively through a FEM-based simulation of the subsoiler and paraplow legs designed in a three-dimensional CAD environment. In general, both soil tillage implements with high energy requirements are being used to remove the soil compaction problem on agricultural land. The operating conditions of the implements were simulated using a FEM-based simulation program (Ansys-16). The results of static analysis obtained from the Finite Element Method (FEM) were evaluated on some different materials used in the shank design of both implements and the results were given comparatively. According to the analysis results, the maximum equivalent stress was in paraplow shank foot 122 MPa which is used C-60 material and the maximum vertical dis-placement is 0,00014 mm in the position of shank foot of subsoiler

The present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of lycopene in alleviating the toxicity of cypermethrin (CYP) on haematological parameters in carp, Cyprinus carpio. Fish (totally 140 fish) were exposed to sublethal concentrations (0.202 and 0.404 μg/L) of CYP, and lycopene (10 mg per kg of fish weight) was simultaneously administered. At the end of 28 days administration, blood samples were collected and haematological changes (red and white blood cell count, haemoglobin concentration, haematocrit level, and erythrocyte indices: mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration) were determined. According to the data obtained, CYP was determined to lead to negative alterations in the haematological parameters investigated. The administration of lycopene alleviated this effect.

In this study, it was aimed to determine the approaches of primary school students’ parents participating in the school milk programme in the Isparta province. The data obtained by the questionnaire method were used from 359 students’ parents who were included in the school milk programme. The families were divided into four groups according to the household income. It was determined that the families consumed more pasteurized milk. The average age of the interviewed individuals was 37.14 years. About 36.21% of the parents were high school graduates. 53.48% of them spend money on milk less than 50 TL. Household size was 4.05 persons. 21.84% of them consume milk hot. The attitude of the parents to the school milk programme was generally positive (82.17%). The school milk programme was believed to be a habit of consuming milk. It was found that 33.33% of the surveyed parents were negative about the school milk programme because they did not trust the content of the milk distributed. In the study, 49.30% of the parents thought that the school milk programme increased the milk consumption habits of the children and 67.97% thought that there was not more supply of milk distributed. For the purpose of implementing the school milk programme, 48.75% of the families had a judge to love the milk and make milk drinking habit. The majority of the families (62.40%) were preferred daily milk in the products distributed and 44% believed that drinking milk was subjected to nutritional analysis. It is suggested that the Ministry of National Education and the Ministry of Health should inform families about the benefits of milk and school milk programme.

In this study, the quince market was examined in the world and Turkey. The primary data in the study were obtained by questionnaire method with 28 middleman in different marketing levels in Sakarya, Antalya, Bursa, Bilecik and Denizli where quince production is concentrated. Secondary data were obtained from the FAO and TURKSTAT. The world quince production, which is 324465 tons compared to 1981-1985 which is the beginning of the period, increased by 94.3% to 630325 tons in 2013. Major countries in world quince production are Turkey, China, Uzbekistan, Morocco and Iran. Quince production in Turkey increased by 1.60 times compared to the average of 1981-1985. In this increase in the quince production in Turkey, the increase in the per-tree yield has been considerably effective (an increase of 40%). 5.3% of quince fruit produced in the world is exported. World quince exports amount increased 8.32 times and the value increased 38.42 times. The highest share in quince export values is in the Netherlands (33.6%). The Netherlands is followed by Turkey, Austria and Iran respectively. The share of Turkey in the world export value is 31.1%. Russia ranks first in the world quince import with 23.3% share. Austria and Germany are followed by Russia.9.4% of the quince production in Turkey is exported. The major quince producers are Sakarya, Bursa, Antalya, Bilecik and Denizli. The 15 of the interviewed intermediaries, reported that the most important problem that there is no quince at the desired time, quantity, quality and price (54).

Garlic is very rich plant in terms of carbohydrates, enzymes, sulphurous and phenolic compounds, proteins and vitamins. At the same time, natural and artificial radionuclides and heavy metals can be found in the garlic depending on the structure of the cultivated soil. Garlic, used as medicine in the treatment of most diseases, is also consumed as raw, powder, mash and volatile garlic oil. In this study, the effects of different storage conditions on the element and radionuclide content of the garlic were determined. The results obtained from this study were compared with the limit values of international institutions. As a result, the radionuclide concentrations and element contents of Taşköprü Garlic will not pose any threat to human health even if the garlic is exposed to different storage conditions.

The objective of this study was to investigate the drying characteristics and kinetics of red pepper and bitter leaf under the influence of different drying temperatures. The drying experiments were carried out at dry bulb temperature of 35, 45, 55 and 75oC, respectively in an oven dryer. The results showed that as drying temperature increased, drying rate also increased and the drying time decreased. It was observed that un-sliced red pepper and sliced bitter leaf would dry within 2.5-12 h and 1.67-7 h, respectively at temperature ranging from 75 to 35oC. The drying of red pepper and bitter leaf was both in the constant and falling rate period. Four semi-empirical mathematical drying models (Newton, Page, Henderson and Pabis, and Logarithmic models) were fitted to the experimental drying curves. The models were compared using the coefficient of determination (R^2) and the root mean square error (RMSE). The Page model has shown a better fit to the experimental drying data of red pepper and bitter leaf, respectively as relatively compared to other tested models. Moisture transport during drying was described by the application of Fick’s diffusion model and the effective moisture diffusivity was estimated. The value ranges from 15.69 to 84.79 × 10-9 m2/s and 0.294 to 1.263 × 10-9 m2/s for red pepper and bitter leaf, respectively. The Arrhenius-type relationship describes the temperature dependence of effective moisture diffusivity and was determined to be 37.11 kJ/mol and 32.86 kJ/mol for red pepper and bitter leaf, respectively. A correlation between the drying time and the heat transfer area was also developed.