In this study, the effects of air-conditioning system on tractor performance and specific fuel consumption were examined and evaluated by experimental data. Loading performed from tractor power take-off in periodically by electrical dynamometer. Fuel consumption were measured in air-conditioning off and air-conditioning on usage and comments were discussed according to these values. In same speed and loading, measured specific fuel consumption value when the air conditioning is on more than measured specific fuel consumption value when the air conditioning is off. Torque values were measured and fuel power and power take-off power were calculated, these values were compared, comments were discussed according to these values. In same speed and loading, measured power take-off efficiency values when the air conditioning is on less than measured power take-off efficiency values when the air conditioning is off. This change is determined respectively as average 4.37%, 4.34% and 8.63% negatively for the measured three brand tractors. As a result of all data, the positive effect of air-conditioning usage on specific fuel consumption, the negative effect of air-conditioning usage on power take-off efficiency were determined.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the thought of food security provided in dairy products and the determinants in terms of manufacturers in South Marmara Region in Turkey. The primary data obtained from 70 dairy manufacturers were analysed by Factor Analysis and Logistic Regression Analysis. According to this, price fluctuation and increase in the distance from the place where the milk is provided, reasons such as corporatization are factors that cause the lack of food security in dairy products. On the contrary, the likelihood of providing food security in dairy products increases with the increase in financial sustainability, food safety, quantity of milk and dairy products, the ability to produce and store, the number of employees, the degree of milk use.

This paper aims to analyze: 1) food security of urban female-headed households (FHH) in Jambi Province, Indonesia; 2) socio-economic factors affecting the food security of urban FHH in Jambi Province. Primary data is raw data from the National Socioeconomic Survey (SUSENAS) Year 2016 in regencies/cities in Jambi Province. Food security of households is analyzed descriptively. The ordinal logistic regression model is used to analyze the socio-economic factors affecting the food security of urban FHH. The results of the study found that: 1) Of the total urban households in Jambi Province, there are 12.69 percent of FHH; 2) The proportion of urban FHH in Jambi Province that is categorized as food secure is 57,62 percent, as vulnerable is 13,33 percent, as questionable is 22,38 percent, and as food insecureis 6,67 percent; 3) Socioeconomic factors that have significant effect on food security of FHH are age, education, and employment status of female head of household, number of household members, education level of household members, and household final consumption expenditure per capita.

To examine polyamines (PAs) effect in modulating the drought induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG) in maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings (variety Khoibhutta, 8 day seedlings grown in petri dish in incubator) were subjected to 20% PEG (polyethylene glycol) followed by 20 µmol PAs, Putrescine (Put), Spermidine (Spd) and Spermine (Spm) with PEG solution for 48 hours. Sharp decrease in Relative Water Content (RWC), Chl a, Chl b, carotenoid (Car) and total pigment content was observed under drought compared to control condition, while PAs application reversed their decreasing trends. PEG significantly increased Reactive Oxidative Species (ROS) [superoxide (O2•−) and H2O2], Methyl Glyoxal (MG), Melondialdehyde (MDA) and Lipoxigenase (LOX) activity, while Pas decreased the contents considerably (except MG) as compared to those under drought. Drought increased proline content, which was further augmented in PA treatments. PAs failed to incline glyoxalase’s (Gly-I and Gly-II) activities, reduced under PEG. The activity and western blot confirmed the accumulation of Glutathione S-Transferase (GST) under drought, but PAs failed to augment the activity. Ascorbic Acid (AsA) and Glutathione (GSH) got oxidized into Dehydroascorbate (DHA) and oxidized Glutathione (GSSG) under drought but PAs effectively maintained homeostasis. Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Peroxidase (POD), Ascorbate Peroxidase (APX), Glutathione Peroxidase (GPX), Monodehydroascorbatereductase (MDHAR), Dehydroascorbatereductase (DHAR), and Glutathione Reductase (GR) inclined in drought stressed seedlings, while Catalase (CAT) activity decreased under drought. PAs addition increased SOD, POD, GPX, CAT, MDHAR, and GR activities, but declined DHAR activity. These findings suggested important role of PAs in increasing tolerance under short term drought by modulating antioxidant effect.

This article describes genesis and the advances of schooling, research and extension of animal nutrition science and practices in Bangladesh. It portrays sine qua non of the advancement of animal nutrition, fodder production and frontier knowledge of allied disciplines. Domestic growth of good practices and its global and regional competitive advantages are delineated for supporting the growing need of safe animal sourced food pillared with profit, people, planet and the ethics of sustainable production of farm animals. A vision of becoming world middle income country with a national population plateau of around 202.0 million and demographic shifts by 2050 may require the annual production of 130.0 and 27.0 thousand tons of manufactured dairy and beef feed furthering global trading competitions for feed ingredients. This competition may be minimized through the production and supply of domestic sourced unique quality feeds and value additions to roughages. Capacity enhancement in research, education and extension will boost socioeconomic and the production efficiency of farm animals and enhance sustainable growth of feed industry racing with regional and global competitions.

Polyommatus (Agrodiaetus) alibalii is a new butterfly species which was described by Frederic Carbonell in 2015. In the Carbonell’s article, since the descriptive information about the species is limited, a further redescription study has been aimed for more detailed identification the species. This study was conducted in two stages with the field works in Kırksu Highland in Geben village of Andırın district of Kahramanmaraş province in Turkey in July and August in 2016 and 2017, and then laboratory works in the Zoology Laboratory at Mustafa Kemal University in Hatay, Turkey. In the field, behaviors of the adults have been observed and recorded in their habitats, and eight male and five female specimens of the species were collected for laboratory works. In this paper, the external morphology and genital structure of the male and female of the species were described in detail. In addition to P. alibalii, the male genital preparations of the species of P. theresiae (Schurian et al., 1992), P. iphigenia (Herrich-Schaffer, 1847), P. wagneri (Forster, 1956) and P. eurypilos (Gerhard, 1851) were prepared.

Akrepler, Arachnida sınıfında zehirli arthropodlardan olup; örümcekler, keneler ve akarlar ile akraba oldukları düşünülmektedir. Ancak; akrepler, tarak organ (pektin) adı verilen duyu organı taşırlar ve bu yapılarıyla diğer akrabalarından ayrılırlar. Bu çalışmanın amacı, ışık mikroskobu ve taramalı elektron mikroskop (SEM) kullanarak Mesobuthus gibbosus (Brullé, 1832) (Scorpionidae: Buthidae) akrep türünün tarak organının (pektin) morfolojik ve histolojik özelliklerini belirlemektir. Tarak organı oluşturan dişlerin detaylı morfolojik ve histolojik yapıları rutin yöntemlerle parafine gömülerek, kesitler alınmış ve alınan kesitler hematoksilen-eosin ile boyanarak ışık mikroskobunda mikrografları kayıt edilmiştir. M. gibbosus’un pektinleri bir çift olarak mesosomal ikinci segmentin ventrolateral yerleşmiş olup, tarak şeklindeki her bir pektin organ marjinal lamella, farklı sayılardaki median lamella ve dişler olmak üzere üç kısımdan oluşmaktadır. Pektinlerde, çeşitli kutikular duyu kılları ve her bir dişin uç kısmında çok sayıda peg sensilla gözlenmiştir. M. gibbosus’un pektin organından alınan enine kesitlerde her bir peg sensilumun çok sayıda sinir hücresi ile ilişkili olduğu gözlenmiştir.

Akdeniz diyeti, Akdeniz çevresinde farklı ülkelerde yaşayan insanların yıllar boyu sürdürdüğü benzer yeme alışkanlıklarının bütünü olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Genellikle zengin fitokimyasal içeriği, yüksek miktarda diyet lifi içermesi ve fermente gıdaların ön planda oluşunun sağlık üstünde olumlu etkileri olduğu düşünülmektedir. Akdeniz diyetinde yer alan gıdalar, tüm bu özelliklerinin yanı sıra, melatonin bulundurması ile de öne çıkmaktadır. Melatonin zorunlu bir aminoasit olan triptofandan sentezlenen, bilinen en güçlü antioksidandır. Antioksidan, anti-inflamatuvar, antikanser özellik göstermesinin yanı sıra kardiyovasküler hastalıklar üzerinde iyileştirici etkisi ve vücuttaki sirkadyen ritimden sorumlu olması sağlık üzerinde geniş çapta ve oldukça fazla olumlu etkisi bulunduğunu göstermektedir. Melatonin içeren gıdaların tüketilmesi ile serum melatonin konsantrasyonları artmaktadır. Dolayısıyla, Akdeniz diyetinde bulunan gıdaların tüketimiyle, içeriklerindeki polifenollerin, diğer biyoaktif bileşenlerin melatoninle birlikte sinerjistik etki yaratması ve diyetten sağlanacak yararın maksimum düzeye çıkması beklenmektedir. Bu derlemede Akdeniz diyetinde yer alan gıdalar, bu gıdaların melatonin içerikleri ve tüketimleri sonucu beklenen sağlık faydaları üzerine odaklanılmıştır.

The antibacterial and antioxidant activities of Lavandula stoechas and Crepis sancta extracts on subclinical mastitis bacteria in cows have not been reported to the present day. The aim of this work was to investigate of the antibacterial and antioxidant potential of methanol extract from L. stoechas and C. sancta. Methanol extracts were screened for antibacterial activity against mastitis pathogens. The antibacterial activity was tested using disc diffusion and broth dilution method. In addition, the plant extracts were tested against the stable DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) free-radical. Additionally methanol extracts were screened for enzymatic antioxidant activity. The methanol extract of C. sancta showed maximum inhibition zone against S. aureus-18 (16 mm). MIC (minimum inhibition concentration) value was determined as 3250 µg/mL for test bacteria. The highest radical scavenging capacity (62 %) was obtained from the flower extracts of L. stoechas and the leaf extracts of C. sancta. The methanol extract of C. sancta displayed a strong antioxidant activity (trolox equivalent = 1.6 mM/g). It was determined that the activities of catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (AP) enzymes were higher at the flowers of L. stoechas compared to the leaves. The extracts of L. stoechas and C. sancta leaf and flower have antibacterial and antioxidant potential against subclinic mastitis causative agent Staphylococci species.

Toz gıdaların üretiminde akış davranışlarının belirlenmesi teknolojik uygulamalar açısından oldukça önemlidir. Toz akış davranışı verilerinin kullanıldığı bir uygulama, depo ünitesi dizaynıdır. Toz gıdaların akış davranışları partikül boyutu, dağılımı, parçacık şekli, parçacıkların kimyasal bileşimi, nem ve sıcaklık gibi parametrelere bağlı olduğundan bu parametrelerin belirlenmesi gereklidir. Bu amaçla kaya tuzu ve sofra şekeri tozlarının farklı partikül boyutlarındaki akış davranışları PFT Toz Akış Test Cihazı kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. Böylece tozların akış fonksiyonu, yığın kütle yoğunluğu ve sıkıştırılabilirlik özelliklerinin partikül boyutuna göre değişimi incelenmiştir. Kaya tuzu ve sofra şekeri örnekleri öğütme ve eleme işlemlerinden geçirilerek tuzdan 5 farklı fraksiyon, şekerden ise 7 farklı fraksiyon elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre partikül boyutu büyüdükçe akışkanlığın kolaylaştığı, yoğunluğun arttığı, sıkıştırılabilirliğin ise azaldığı tespit edilmiştir. Bu parametrelerin önemli derecede değişim gösterdiği eşik partikül boyut değerinin 100-200 µm boyut aralığı olduğu tespit edilmiştir.