With this study, it is aimed to reveal the effect of economically sustainable dairy goat breeding in order to provide sufficient income. For this purpose, in Çanakkale Province, which has 234.408 thousand head goats, mostly dairy goat breeding, 30 enterprises were selected through proportional sampling to determine the herd size for technical herd analysis and economic sustainability in family subsistence. The parameters obtained are milk yield (2.1 L), herd size (168.21 heads), number of animals milked (82.54 heads), milk marketing rate (96.75%). 52.30% of milk production costs are variable costs and 47.70% are fixed costs. Feed costs have the highest share in total production costs with 43.88%. In the enterprises, 68.34% of the total gross production value obtained from goat breeding is milk, 27.06% is Productive Fixture Increase and 4.60% is fertilizer income. The cost of 1 L milk in the enterprises was calculated as 1.73 TL (USD 0.36), (the average rate of 1 USD in 2018 is 4.81 TL). 1 L of goat milk price is 3 TL (USD 0.62), (Canakkale, Turkey, sales price, 2018) considering; It has been determined that the enterprises make an average profit of 1.27 TL / L per liter (42%). With the calculated parameters, a profit of 602.27 TL (125.21 Dollars) was obtained from only milk sales in a production period from a dairy goat. A family of four the poverty line, according to the Turkey Statistical Institute 2018 poverty study results are reported on a monthly 6609.000 TL. As a result of the research, the average milk yield is 2.10 L, and as a result of the calculation made considering the average milking time of 225 days and the profit obtained from it, the number of milky goats that will meet the poverty line for a family of four was determined as 131 heads.

In this study, the relationships between some husbandry practices and calf losses in dairy farms were investigated. A total of 39 farms enrolled to Alacam Cattle Breeders Association (CBA) of Samsun, Turkey, were evaluated by structural factors (education level of farm owner: EL, personnel number: PN, experience of farm owner: EF and number of cows: NC) and husbandry practices (individual calf housing: ICH, calving pen: CP and weaning period: WP). The questionnaires for interview, observations on farm level and records of CBA belonging to 2018 and 2019 were examined. While no significant difference was found among the all groups, dead calf per farm (0.64±0.25) and mean of calf loss rate (CLR) per farm (3.42±1.07%) were assumed within the acceptable thresholds. Presenting more attention on calf rearing methods was suggested to be diminishing approach to decrease the calf mortality in the farms.

The concept of the university campus and research, taken up the development process of the universities, presented examples from the world and Turkey. Master plans, sustainable master plans and landscape master plans in university campuses were compiled and supported with examples. According to the survey, which examined 20 universities in 16 of the world where the campus master plan, which examined 20 universities in Turkey 12 patients which were put forward in the campus master plan. World in 7 of 10 universities surveyed across the campus landscape master plan that, while Turkey’s 10 universities discussed in general only 2 of the campus landscape master plan was put out to be. Suggestions regarding the necessity of preparing master plan and landscape master plan in university campuses are presented.

In this study, it was aimed to evaluate of the quality of the sowing process applied by 10 different producers in their fields in Tokat / Kazova, in the cultivation of grain corn, by Statistical Process Control. In determining of the quality of the sowing process, plant spacing uniformity, seeding depth uniformity and ratio of plant emergence were used. Acceptable plant spacing, the multiples ratio and the miss ratio were determined for planting spacing uniformity on the row. Plant emergence ratio values varied between 59.60% (D field) and 93.13% (B field) in the trial areas. Acceptable plant spacing, the multiples ratio and the miss ratio values ranged from 65.56% - 90.24%, 4.02 - 15.69% and 5.11% - 12.91%, in the trial areas, respectively. It was concluded that the sowing process is generally ‘Moderate’ and ‘Inadequate’ according to the parameters of plant spacing uniformity. Similarly, individual and moving range quality charts prepared for statistical quality control of plant spacing uniformity and seeding depth uniformity showed that the sowing process was not under control. According to these results, it is necessary to take precautions regarding the factors that negatively affect the quality of the sowing process for sustainable agricultural production.

In this study, the effects of light stimulation at normal (NLS: 154 days) and early (ELS: 140 days) age on some physiological and reproductive traits in dam and sire broiler pure-lines were carried out during the laying period. The study was conducted with A1, A2, A3, A4 dam lines and B1, B2 sire lines up to 43 weeks of age, whose breeding studies were carried out in Eskişehir Geçit Kuşağı Agricultural Research Institute. Live weight and feed consumption were determined during the growing period. In the laying period, in addition to these, the first laying age, 50% yield age, egg yield, hatching egg yield and egg weight were determined. The data obtained were evaluated according to light stimulation age and pure-lines by two factor analysis of variance. NLS and ELS treatments did not significantly affect the body weights of the pure-lines at 20, 24 and 43 weeks of age. However, differences were found significant in terms of body weight at 20, 24 and 43 weeks of age in pure-lines. Lines reached the first laying age at 172 days in NLS, and at 165 days of age in ELS. The 50% yield age was realized at 184 d and 176 d of age in parallel with the first laying age. The effects of light stimulation age on egg yield and hatching egg yield were found significant. In NLS treatment all pure-lines, 5 more eggs were produced in egg yield and hatching egg yield. However, differences in egg yield and weight in pure-lines were found significant. The study results showed that the egg production can be increased by first light stimulation at the 20 weeks of age, provided that at least 2 kg live weight is achieved in broiler pure-lines.

Although the studies on ear, nose and throat (ENT) diseases and treatment methods are high in human medicine, they are rarely performed and neglected in veterinary medicine. Antibiotics are generally preferred for ENT diseases in animals. However, there is an increase in infections from microorganisms that develop multiple antibiotic resistance due to overuse and misuse of antibiotics. Another group of drugs used in ENT diseases are antiseptics. Bacterial resistance to agents used as antiseptics is more limited than antibiotics. Studies on the use of substances with antiseptic properties in the treatment of ENT disorders in animals have been limited. Even though these substances are used empirically in the field, there are no studies in the literature examining the effects of these substances on ENT. In this review, the properties of antiseptic substances recommended for use in the field and in the literature for ENT diseases of animals are discussed.

Undoubtedly, supply demand balance must be ensured for the development of geographically indications products. In order to increase the demand for geographically indications products, firstly, consumers should be aware of the geographically indications products and have information about the benefits and advantages of these products. Undoubtedly, as with other agricultural products, price is also an important issue for purchases in geographical indications products. Therefore, it was aimed to determine the factors affecting consumers' willingness to pay for geographical indications products in the Tokat province. For this purpose, face to face survey was conducted with 382 consumers. It was determined that 49,21% of the consumers who participated in the research wanted to pay more price for a product with a geographical indications label. According to the results of the probit analysis, a positive relation was found between awering that Niksar walnut is a geographical indications product and the willingness to pay for geographical indications products. However, a negative correlation was found between monthly food expenditure and tendency to pay for geographical indications products.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different cooking techniques and internal cooking temperature applications on the oxidative stability of hamburger patties. For this purpose, 4 different cooking techniques (boiling, oven-roasting, grilling and microwave) and 2 different internal cooking temperatures (72°C and 78°C) were used. Microwave cooking caused the highest cooking loss values. The higher cooking loss values were determined as a result of the 78°C internal cooking temperature application. Lower pH values were obtained by microwave cooking. Boiling increased L* and a* values, whereas decreased b* values compared to other cooking techniques. While a* values decreased with storage in hamburger patties, b* and HUE angle values increased. The lower thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and lipid hydroperoxide (LPO) values were determined in samples cooked with microwave or boiling technique. Even though there was no TBARS difference between different internal cooking temperature applications, the higher LPO values were determined in the application of 78°C internal cooking temperature. The results of this study showed that less oxidative changes could be occurred by the use of either microwave or boiling technique in hamburger patty production.

Ethiopia’s sesame export earn percentage share in the total export had been rapid declining over the last decades while it was the second commodity in currency grossing of the country. The objective of this study was to examine the determinant factors of Ethiopia’s sesame exports performance, in the aspect of export trade, by the use of a more realistic model approach, a panel gravity model. It used short panel data that cover 11 countries of consistent Ethiopia’s sesame importers for the period of 13 years from 2002 to 2014. The panel unit root test of Levin-Lin-Chu was used for each variable and applied the first difference transformation for the variables that had a unit root. The random effect model results suggested that real gross domestic product of importing countries; Ethiopian real gross domestic product, real exchange rate and weighted distance were found to be the determinant factors of Ethiopia’s sesame exports performance. The estimated results revealed that as real gross domestic product of importing countries increase by 1%, the flows of Ethiopia’s sesame exports performance increase by 1.63%. Based on the finding results, the researcher recommends that the policy maker must adopt the policies that reduce the cost of shipping through improving the infrastructure for shipments sector and contract a free trade agreement with distant countries. The government should encourage the private sector to diversify their products and improving the quality of its products to increase the competitiveness the Ethiopian products in foreign markets.

Husbandry has a special importance for people who live in rural areas in terms of agricultural income and profitability due to some contributions such as; providing cash flow throughout the year, product processing, balanced usage of labour force, and risk diversification. According to FAO data of 2017, Turkey’s ratio in the world’s total cattle existence was 0.99%, and it had a 2.78% ratio in total milk production. According to TSI data between 2004 and 2018; the number of total cattle reached 17.042.506 with a ratio increase of 4.62%, and the annual milk production amount reached 20.036.877 tons with a ratio increase of 7.23%. Within the period of time that is mentioned above, the contribution ratio of culture breed cattle in milk production reached 61.39% from 33.63%. However, in terms of milk cow productivity, Turkey is the 57th in the world. The cities of Konya, İzmir, Erzurum, Balıkesir, and Diyarbakır provide 21.74% of Turkey’s total milk cow existence, and 22.77% of the milk production total. In terms of agricultural subsidies which are provided by Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, husbandry took a share of 25.79% from the 14.5 billion TL total agricultural subsidies in 2018. According to the research results, directly or indirectly, husbandry contributes to decreasing development level differences between regions, and it helps to improve enterprises’ income levels in rural areas.