With this research, it was aimed to investigate the content of some heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn) and macro minerals (Mg, Ca, K, Na) in the water resources that meet the water needs of livestock in Iğdır. Water samples were collected from natural springs, surface waters, wells and drilling waters, Aras river and its branches in the region. The data obtained were classified in two different ways and statistical analysis was performed. 1. According to the districts; Central District, Tuzluca, Karakoyunlu, Aralık. 2. According to the type of water resources; Ağrı Mountain spring waters, Ağrı Mountain surface waters, Mountain spring waters, Mountain surface waters, west of Aras river and it’s canals, east of Aras river, Well and Drilling waters. Mineral levels of the water samples were measured by using Atomic Absorption Spectrometer with flame system. According to the district assessment, it was seen that Tuzluca district had lower values compared to other districts. When evaluated according to the type of water source, water mineral content was determined to increase as the waters flowing forward on the surface after reaching to the earth surface It was even found to have become unfit for consumption towards the end. Consequently, with this research, the levels of some heavy metals and macro minerals in the waters used for livestock in the Iğdır region were revealed for the first time with their details. Except for the waters of the East Aras river, the waters of the Iğdır region were found to be of usable quality for animal husbandry.

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) mediate fast cholinergic synaptic transmission in the insect nervous system. Neonicotinoid insecticides exhibit insecticidal activities by targeting these receptors. The aim of this study was to isolate cDNA clones of nAChR subunit genes of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). RACEs (Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends) were applied to obtain partial-length cDNA sequences. We identified two partial cDNA clones encoding β1 and α8 subunit genes (Btβ1-1168 bp and Btα8-755 bp), respectively, from Bemisia tabaci (Bt). This is the first report of isolation of α8 from B. tabaci by cloning. Btβ1 and Btα8 possess characteristics that are typical of nAChR subunits. Phylogenetic analysis showed that Btβ1 and Btα8 clustered with the orthologous genes of other insect species.

In this study, we examined how the new type of coronavirus (COVID-19), which originated in Vuhan, China, affected the whole world in a short time, affected individuals ‘ recreational activities and how much these activities changed after the normalization process. After the first case was announced in our country on March 10, 2020, many measures were taken, and within the scope of these measures, bans and partial bans occurred. The coronavirus, which has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization and has become a deadly virus all over the world, has also directly affected the recreational activities of people. The study, the longing of individuals to green areas during this epidemic period was evaluated by comparing the conditions before and after the normalization process of recreational activities. In addition, the findings obtained in accordance with the survey conducted in the study indicate that the new coronavirus affects both the recreational activities and psychological conditions of people.

In this study, commercial parents and synthetic parents which were developed from commercial maternal and paternal lines are compared. During the study, a total of 19654 animals, as being 8520 female, 1275 male chicks from commercial line (TK) and 8584 female, 1275 male chicks from synthetic line (SH), were used. Broiler experiment was conducted with a total of mixed-sex 2073 chicks, as being 1044 (3x348) chicks from TK group and 1029 (3x343) chicks from SH group. In 23 weeks growing period, female parents from TK and SH groups consumed 9.91 and 9.87 kg feed per animal, completed the process with 6.5% and 7.3% mortality and separation rate, 87% and 85% uniformity and lastly, 2846 and 2753g live weights at the end of 23 weeks, respectively. In the meantime, male parents with 9.5% and 10.8% mortality and separation rate consumed 11.1 and 11.3 kg feed per animal, respectively. Female parents from TK and SH groups reached 5% egg production efficiency at the ages of 26 and 25 weeks, and peak production at the ages of 35 and 32 weeks, respectively. At the age of 50 weeks, 5.7% and 6.0% mortality and separation rate, 84.5% and 83.8% peak egg production efficiency, 129.0 and 128.0 pcs of egg production, 116.8 and 118.5 pcs of incubating egg production, 62.5 and 60.0g of average incubating egg weight, 82.1% and 80.6% incubation yield were observed in the parents from TK and SH groups, respectively. Broiler chicks, with the weight of 39.7 and 37.7 g, obtained from TK and SH parents respectively reached the live weight of 2481 and 2375 g at the 42nd day consuming 4429 and 4372 g feed, respectively. In this broiler experiment, the feed conversion ratio was determined as 1.79 and 1.80 respectively. In the study, it was concluded, that new synthetic line obtained from commercial maternal and paternal lines can be used for broiler production.

Two new spider mites, Tetranychus kanzawai Kishida and Eotetranychus rubiphilus Reck (Trombidiformes: Tetranychidae) were recorded for Turkish phytophagous mite fauna. While E. rubiphilus was obtained from Prunus domestica L. and Prunus cerasus L. (Rosaceae), T. kanzawai was found only on P. domestica in different municipalities of Ordu province, Turkey.

Bu çalışmanın amacı, zeytin çekirdeği antioksidan bileşiklerinden elde edilen mikroenkapsüllerin su aktivitesi, renk, partikül özellikleri, yığın özellikleri ve rekonstitüsyon özelliklerinin belirlenmesi ve mikrokapsüllerin -20°C, 4°C ve 25°C olmak üzere üç farklı sıcaklıkta 6 ay süre ile depolanmasıyla polifenol ve antioksidan içeriğindeki değişimin kinetik modellemeyle incelenmesidir. Mikrokapsüllerin 0,43 su aktivitesi değerine, az kırmızılık içeren parlak açık sarı renge ve homojen olmayan oyuklu partiküllere sahip olduğu gözlenmiştir. Higroskobik (%32,47) ve yüksek kekleşme özelliğine (%61,32) sahip olduğu, ıslanabilirlik (52 dk) ve dağılabilirliğinin (%34,44) düşük olduğu ve uygun yığın yoğunluğu (0,26 g/cm3) ve sıkıştırılmış yoğunluk (%0,33 g/cm3) değerlerini sergilediği belirlenmiştir. Mikrokapsüllerin akabilirlik (CI:22,65) ve yapışkanlık (HR:1,29) davranışları kabul edilebilir düzeydedir. Ayrıca depolama sonucunda polifenol ve antioksidan içeriğindeki değişimin (yüzey polifenol miktarı ve mikroenkapsülasyon etkinliği hariç) birinci dereceden kinetik modelle en iyi açıklanabildiği bulunmuştur. Her depolama sıcaklığında incelen tüm bileşiklere ait kinetik katsayılar (reaksiyon hız sabiti (k), yarılanma süresi (t1/2) ve Q10 değeri) hesaplanmıştır. Depolama boyunca mikrokapsüllerin polifenol ve antioksidan içeriğindeki korunumun en iyi olduğu sıcaklığın 4°C, en kötü olduğu sıcaklığın ise -20°C olduğu belirlenmiştir. Zeytin çekirdeği antioksidan bileşiklerinden elde edilen mikroenkapsüllerin özellikle 4°C’de depolanan gıdaların hem fonksiyonelliğinin artırılması hem de raf ömrünün uzatılması amacıyla kullanıma uygun olduğu düşünülmektedir.

In this study, wheat flour was substituted with the following ratios of the raw (RCBH) and leached (LCBH) cocoa bean hull (CBH) in pound cakes (PC) (CBH/wheat flour ratios: 20/80 (20%), 30/70 (30%) and 40/60 (40%)), respectively. The proximate composition and the content of bioactive compounds in the cake samples for each weight ratio of RCBH and LCBH and in the hulls were evaluated. Fiber, ash, total antioxidant activity (TAA) and total phenolic compound (TPC) contents increased with the CBH content in the cakes. No significant difference was found in the specific volume among the cake samples. Based on the results of the textural analysis, all cake samples showed higher hardness, lower springiness and cohesiveness than those of the control cake. Regarding to the color of the crumb and crust, the 40% LCBH and RCBH cakes presented the lowest L*, a* and b* values. According to the Principal Component Analysis (PCA), it was observed that the properties with respect to the cell uniformity, adhesiveness, sweetness, oiliness and humidity of the 20LCBH and 20RCBH cakes can be distinguished clearly from the other flour substituted cakes.

This study includes some deep underground well waters opened to supply the irrigation water in Tekirdağ province. The sampling was done from 22 wells in the irrigation season period. The parameters such as pH, EC, TDS, Na, Ca, Mg, K, Cl, HCO3, B, NO3-N, Sodium Absorption Ratio and Residual Sodium Carbonate parameters, which were significant in terms of irrigation water classification, were examined in the samplings. According to the results, it was determined that thirteen well waters were in medium salty and eight well waters were in high salty water classes. Besides, Na and HCO3 harms were determined in five and three well waters, respectively. In seven well waters, it was concluded that RCE values were over 2,5 me L-1 and these water were not suitable in the usage of irrigation. As a result of the evaluations in terms of the specific ions, it was determined that CL, B and NO3-N concentrations which were found in three, two and one wells respectively, could create damages in some crops. As a result of the evaluations in terms of salinity and SAR parameters, it was concluded that the usage of T5, T6, T8, T10, T13 and T14 well waters was undesirable and the usage of T9, T11, T12, T16, T17 and T21 well waters can be suggested by the provision of some special conditions (appropriate drainage conditions, appropriate plant selection, coarse textured soils).

Şeker pancarı yetiştiriciliğinde Amaranthus retroflexus L. önemli yabancı otlardan biridir. Çalışmada, ekim öncesi chloridazon (C), çıkış öncesi ve sonrası metamitron (M) ile çıkış sonrası ethofumesate + phenmedipham + desmedipham + lenacil (EPDL) etkili maddeli herbisitlerin ve bazı kombinasyonlarının uygulanması sonucu hayatta kalan A. retroflexus bitkilerinden toplanan tohumların çimlenme kapasitelerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Toplam çimlenme oranı (%), normal/anormal çimlenme oranı (%), ortalama çimlenme zamanı (gün) ve tohum ağırlığı (g) parametreleri belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak; chloridazon + ethofumesate + phenmedipham + desmedipham + lenacil 2, chloridazon + metamitron (çıkış sonrası) ve metamitron (çıkış öncesi) + metamitron (çıkış sonrası) kombinasyonlarına maruz kalan A. retroflexus bitkilerinin uygulama yapılmamış bitkilerden toplanan tohumlara kıyasla çimlenme özellikleri önemli ölçüde etkilenmiştir. Çimlenme özellikleri bakımından, en düşük toplam çimlenme oranı %85 ile metamitron (çıkış öncesi) + metamitron (çıkış sonrası) kombinasyonundan elde edilmiştir.