Sürdürülebilir topraksız tarım için çevre dostu ve yenilenebilir materyallerin önemi her geçen gün artmaktadır. Yeşil ve organik atıklardan elde edilen kompost bu materyallerden biridir. Bu çalışmada elma, üzüm ve domates posalarından elde edilen kompostun topraksız domates yetiştiriciliğinde etkileri araştırılmıştır. Elma, üzüm ve domates atıkları meyve suyu ve salça fabrikalarından temin edilmiştir. Elma, üzüm ve domates atıkları ayrı ayrı kompostlaştırılmıştır. Kompost yapımında ana materyale (2m3) 200 dm3 ahır gübresi, 5 kg kireç ve 5 kg üre ilave edilmiştir. Kompost yapımı 22 hafta sürmüştür. Denemede 9 farklı ortam kullanılmış olup, bunlar; kokopit: perlit (2:1) (Kontrol); domates kompostu: perlit (2:1) (D); elma kompostu: perlit (2:1) (E); üzüm kompostu:perlit (2:1) (Ü);  domates: elma: üzüm kompostu: perlit (1:1:1:1) (DEÜ); domates kompostu: kokopit: perlit (1:1:1) (DC); elma kompostu: kokopit: perlit (1:1:1) (EC); üzüm kompostu: kokopit: perlit (1:1:1) (ÜC) ve DEÜ kompostu: kokopit: perlit (1:1:1) (DEÜC). Ortamlar hacim esasına göre belirlenmiştir. Besin solüsyonu çiçeklenmeye kadar 2,0 dS/m ve çiçeklenmeden sonra 2,2 dS/m, pH:5,9 şeklinde uygulanmıştır. En yüksek pazarlanabilir verim elma, domates ve üzüm kompostu + kokopit uygulamasında 286,59 ton/ha olmuştur. Kompost kullanılması pazarlanabilir verimde kontrole göre %39,73 artış sağlanmıştır. Vitamin C kontrolde en yüksek çıkarken, pH ve suda çözünebilir kuru madde miktarı değişmemiştir. Kompost kullanılması domates meyvelerinde çiçek burnu çürüklüğünü azaltmış, yaprak kuru ağırlığını artırmıştır. Sonuç olarak, denemede üzüm ve özellikle elma posasından elde edilen kompostun topraksız tarımda domates yetiştiriciliğinde başarıyla kullanılabildiği ve ticari ortamlardan biri olan kokpite göre daha etkili olduğu anlaşılmıştır.

Changes in the landscape become extremely destructive and many heritage values and resources are irreversibly lost. The speed, frequency and magnitude of these changes in the landscape increased in the second half of the 20th century, especially with the impact of human activities. Remote sensing is the most widely used method for determining the change in the landscape. In the research, MNDWI, NDVI and NDMI techniques, which are frequently applied in remote sensing, were used in order to determine the landscape change in Salt Lake. Thus, the changes in the built area, water surface and land cover between the years 2000-2020 in Salt Lake were determined. According to the MNDWI and NDMI Analysis results, a decrease was observed in the water surface width and moisture content in Salt Lake between 2000 and 2020. In the steppe areas south of Salt Lake, the increase in tree cover due to the change in land use type was determined by NDVI analysis. Therefore, it is possible to say that there is an increase in the amount of moisture in these areas. In addition, it was determined that the increase in agricultural activities in the region caused a change in land use types and the amount of green space in the region changed at this rate. With the mentioned methods, negative changes in the landscape as a result of human activities on the landscape can be determined practically. Thus, it will be possible to predict the negative consequences of climate change and take precautions.

Most of the dry zone forests in Sri Lanka are arisen after unsustainable farming practices. Therefore, the natural regeneration of plant species in these forests reported to be very poor due to the reduced soil fertility. This study was conducted to find possible measures for the successful seed germination and seedling establishment of common dry zone forest tree species by sustainable soil fertility management. A pot trial was carried out in a greenhouse at the Faculty of Applied Sciences, Rajarata University, Mihintale, Sri Lanka. The experiment comprised of 128 pots and four replicates. Pots were assigned with different soil fertility managements: T0: control (Top soil only), T1: Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF), T2: a traditional mixed microbial culture (Jeewamurthum), T3: Compost, T4: Biochar, T5: T1+T2, T6: T1+T3, T7: T1+T4; and different forest plant species: Manilkara hexandra, Feronia limonia, Pterospermum conscens and Bauhinia racemosa. Seed germination percentage was measured two weeks after sowing, and shoot biomass, relative plant growth rate, and AMF colonization percentage were measured after four months of germination. The results revealed that inoculation of AMF enhance the seed germination percentage of all the selected plant species. Both sole and combined application of AMF and compost gives more benefits to all the tested plant species by enhancing all the measured growth parameters. The findings of present study would be useful in reforestation programs of dry zone forests in Sri Lanka by practicing sustainable procedures.

The chokeberry plant, which is native to North America and the south of Canada, is a deciduous, shrub-shaped, berry-like plant belonging to the Rosaceae family, which survives for many years. It is seen as a plant that adapts easily to almost every climatic condition and soil and has many beneficial properties for health. Within the scope of this study, methanol, 70% ethanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate, hexane and water extracts were prepared from the fruits collected from the Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott plant, which is cultivated in the Kırklareli region. The chemical contents of the obtained extracts were clarified by high performance liquid chromatography. It was determined that phenolic compounds such as ferulic acid, caffeic acid, quercetin, quercetin-3-galactoside, p-coumaric acid were found in the extracts, and ethyl acetate extract was found to have the richest phenolic substance profile. Malvin anthocyanin compound was detected only in methanol extract.

Tends on human nutrition change every day but legumes act significant role for nutrition over the World. Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is a member of Leguminosae family and originated from Asia. Chickpea is rich with protein, carbohydrate, lipid and minerals. It is also sufficient for Daily requirement by view of the essential amino acids – lysine, leucine and arginine. Chickpea is also source of soluble and insoluble fibers. The nutritional fibers have favorable effects on decreasing the time of food passing through intestine, accelerating of weight loss, decreasing of total and LDL cholesterol and balancing of blood sugar level. Sustainability of agriculture is essential for sustainability of life. From this perspective, chickpea is quite important due to various agronomic advantages that may be summarized by main ones are; able to grow as winter crop, lower water requirement, wide adaptation ability to climate and soil, a good alternative for crop rotation systems in addition to health care features. Present research is realized to evaluation of second crop growing facilities in Uşak/Turkey ecology by using 4 chickpea genotypes (Azkan, Hisar, Sarı-98, Yaşa-05) by 4 sowing time (18th June, 02nd July, 16th July, 30th July) by 3 replications. The following measurements were realized; days to emergence, days to flowering, days to harvest, height of plant, number of pod per plant, number of seed per pod, height of first pod, seed yield and weight of hundred seeds. According to the results Yaşa-05 chickpea genotype was determined as the most adaptable in addition to the Azkan chickpea genotype was also obtained as promising to growing as second crop. Deep and long term studies are needed to achievement of more consistent results and providing to sustainability of food security, improvement of soil, better usage of natural sources and contribute to national economy.

An efficient seed marketing system is very crucial for boosting vegetable production in Bangladesh. This study evaluated the vegetable seed marketing channels in Bangladesh including profit margins of various traders and different problems faced by them. Primary data from 45 vegetable farmers and 30 seed traders in Rajshahi district were collected by face-to-face interview. Descriptive and profitability analysis were employed, while problem confrontation index (PCI) was used to rank the problems. The findings revealed that vegetable seeds were traded through six major marketing channels. Private agents supply the majority of seeds where dealers, wholesalers, retailers and farmers were the key actors in the channels. However, rural market traders had the highest marketing margin and terminal market traders had the lowest. BCR for terminal market traders was 1.53 that is highest among the traders’ categories where BCR for rural market traders was lowest (1.36). Lack of bank loan facilities, inadequate capital, lack of separate market place, and lack of technical know-how were the major ranked problems faced by traders. The study recommends providing credit facilities to the traders, arranging a separated market place and proper training to increase technical knowledge.

In recent years, intensive legal regulations aimed at the production of urban areas in Türkiye, the phenomenon of migration, the spread of higher education, abnormal cost increases in agricultural activities have accelerated urbanization. Parallel to the increase in the urban population, the food supply remains insufficient. The inability to increase the production of food products brings with it problems such as malnutrition, inflation, foreign trade deficit, food security. The natural areas harbored by rural and urban areas are shrinking and being destroyed by the pressure of rapid urbanization. In addition to the abandonment of rural areas, the food crisis that has arisen as a result of the intervention of the urbanization process in agricultural areas has increased the responsibility of the central government and municipalities. In order to meet the food needs of the population and implement sustainable agricultural policies, municipalities are taking different and innovative approaches. Municipalities are making direct and indirect attempts to provide people with cheap and reliable food. In this study, the activities carried out by the municipalities in Türkiye to support sustainable agriculture and their economic and social effects were examined.

Fermented sausages are stable meat items typically prepared from comminuted mixtures of meat, spices, and salts and permitted to ripe under controlled conditions, where bacteria produce lactic acid quickly and reliably from added sugars in the form of dextrose. This study assessed the possibility of using fresh ripe plantain (FRP) in semi-dry fermented beef sausages. FRP was used at 0% (T0), 5% (T1) and 10% (T2). A fourth treatment with 0.5% dextrose without any FRP (T3) was produced. The products were evaluated for proximate compositions, pH, cooking loss as well as sensory attributes. No significant differences existed between T0, T1, T2 and T3 in terms of appearance, flavor, aftertaste and texture, however significant differences were recorded in tenderness, juiciness and acceptability. Cooking loss and water holding capacity ranged between 31.83 (T0) to 36.53 (T3) and 4.40 (T3) to 14.74 (T2) respectively. The pH recorded after 36 hours of fermentation ranged from 4.20 (T3) to 5.36 (T0). Using FRP resulted in appreciable decreases in costs of producing semi-dry fermented beef sausages from 20.50 to 16.46 Ghana Cedis per kg. It was concluded that fermented beef sausages could be made with 5% fresh ripe plantain without any adverse effects on consumer acceptability.

This study aimed to investigate the presence of Salmonella spp. in chicken doner samples, both ready for consumption and sold in packages in a modified atmosphere, using classical culture technique and the MALDI-TOF method by determining the antibiotic resistance profile structure through the disc diffusion method by determining the serotypes of the isolates through mPCR. Between September and November 2019, 150 ready-to-eat chicken doner samples (75 of them ready to consume, the other 75 packed in a modified atmosphere) were analyzed. It was found that 23 of the 150 (15.3%) samples analyzed were contaminated with Salmonella spp. 73 isolates were obtained from 23 positive samples. Of these 73 isolates, 33 were found to be Salmonella spp. positive. In serotyping, all 33 isolates were determined to be S. infantis. In the antibiotic resistance profile, 30 of theisolates were resistant to chloramphenicol, 24 to gentamicin, 21 to ampicillin, 20 to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and ciprofloxacin, 18 to tetracycline and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, and 13 to cefoxitin. As a result, the isolation of Salmonella spp. from the samples and their resistance to different antibiotics were evaluated as potential sources of problems in the context of foodborne infectious diseases.

The aim of this study is to determine the effects of adding different levels of red pepper oil to quail diets on performance, slaughtering characteristics, and some serum parameters. For this purpose, a total of 300-day-old and mixed-sex quail chicks were randomly assigned to 5 treatment groups with 6 replications of 12 chicks each. Experimental animals were fed for 35 days with 5 different diets prepared by adding 0, 300, 600, 900 or 1200 mg/kg red pepper oil. During the experiment, quails were given ad-libitum feed and water. According to the results of the experiment, the effect of adding red pepper oil to the diet on the performance, carcass traits and visceral weights of the quails was statistically insignificant. Triglyceride and TAS concentrations of serum were significantly affected by the addition of red pepper oil to the diet. The highest triglyceride and TAS levels in the group with 300 mg/kg red pepper oil added; however, the lowest triglyceride and TAS levels were obtained in the groups supplemented with 600 mg/kg and 1200 mg/kg red pepper oil, respectively. According to this study findings, it can be said that the addition of red pepper oil to the diet in growing quails has a positive effect on serum triglyceride and TAS values when used between 300 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg in the diet, without adverse effects on performance and carcass characteristics.