In models that predict hydrologic, ecological and product-yield relationship, the climate interface file is widely used. Today, CLIGEN is the most widely used climate model. While this model is extensively used in many countries around the world, it is not used commonly in our country. In this study, daily data belonging to Tokat climate conditions were simulated with CLIGEN. Observed and simulated precipitation was classified as the wet/dry period. The performance of the CLIGEN climate model was evaluated in both wet and dry periods according to the seasons. The relationship between the obtained precipitation data was statistically determined by Kolmogorov-Smirnov and t-test. Tokat province is located in the arid and semi-arid climate zone. The performance of the model in predicting precipitation in all seasons during the dry period was found to be quite successful.

Taxus species in different parts of the world prevent the formation of hepatoprotective, anticoagulant, antiulcerogenic, anti-coagulant, antifungal and tumour cells. In this study, biological activity studies were performed on the leaves, branches and fruits of the methanol extract of Taxus baccata L. species collected from Sivaslı district of Uşak province. The methanol extract of the T.baccata species, the total amount of phenolic content of the sample was found to be 14.76 mg GAEQ/1g dry sample in the highest leaves. In T.baccata methanol extract, the maximum amount of flavonoid content was 0.468±mg QE/g dry sample. Antioxidant activity value as DPPH radical; % inhibition value was found as 93.21%. Based on the results; It can be concluded that the leaves of T.baccata have higher antioxidant activity than fruits and branches. Future studies need to explore the chemical components contained in the T.baccata species to determine and investigate in further detail.

The aim of this study was to obtain the best combination of types and doses of ameliorant materials: dolomite, rock phosphate, and mineral soil to improve the chemical properties of soil which was incubated for one year in peat media in polybag. The research was conducted in May 2015 - April 2016 in the experimental garden in the village of Sijambi, Tanjungbalai, North Sumatra. Elevation 3 m above sea level, with the C2 (Oldeman) climate type. The experiment was compiled using a Randomized Block Design, with 3 treatments of ameliorant material. The three ameliorant materials were tested for 3 doses. The addition of dolomite treatment: A1=0.45 kg polybag-1; A2=0.90 kg polybag-1; A3=1.35 kg polybag-1. The addition of rock phosphate treatment: A4=0.45 kg polybag-1; A5=0.90 kg polybag-1; A6=1.35 kg of polybag-1. The addition of mineral soil treatment: A7=0.45 kg polybag-1; A8=0.90 kg polybag-1; and A9=1.35 kg polybag-1.The results shown that the highest dose of dolomite (1.35 kg polybag-1) improved soil chemical properties, including soil pH and alkali cations (K, Ca and Mg) on incubated peat soil. Addition of rock phosphate with the highest dose of 1.35 kg polybag-1 (A6) increases available phosphorus and soil CEC. Addition of mineral soil dose of 0.90 kg polybag-1 (A8) increases soil CEC. In the analysis of total soil nitrogen, the highest increase was obtained by adding dolomite dose of 0.45 kg.polibag-1 (A1).

There are a good many researches carried out to be able to find out the species of phytoplanktonic organisms which are widely met in the inland waters of Turkey and make up the first link of food chain in nature. In addition to this, there are lots of water sources the phytoplanktonic composition (one of the most effective methods of identifying drinking water in Turkey in which inland waters cover a huge area) and biodiversity of which have not been found out and listed. Ergene River is among the richest water basins in Turkey in terms of freshwater and there is not a comprehensive research carried out to determine the algae composition in this area. For that reason, Bacillariophyta members which are met in main streams supporting Ergene River, have been gathered seasonally; and systematic positions of these algae have been identified and photographed. As a consequence of this study; 114 different taxa species belonging to Coscinodiscophyceae (4) and Bacillariophyceae (110) taxa have been observed and found out in Ergene River and other watercourses along with water basins supporting this river. After these taxa have been gathered, how these are spread with regard to seasonal and sample points have been determined. All of these taxa, which have been identified with respect to freshwater algal flora of Turkey, have been recorded for the first time for that region while 22 of these taxa have been recorded for the first time for Turkey.

In this study, the effects of the extracts obtained from flower, stem, leaf, branch and their mixture of Nerium oleander L. on the seed germination and seedling growth of four Pistacia species (Pistacia terebinthus L., P. vera L., P. khinjuk Stocks., P. atlantica Desf. and P. terebinthus L.) were investigated. Five hundred grams of N. oleander was taken from the plant parts and the extracts were mixed with distilled water (1.5 L). The extracts were applied to Pistacia species for 24 and 48 hours. The results showed that the extract had positive effects on their germination and growths of the species mentioned above. The highest germination rate for all the Pistacia species was obtained from the extracts of flower, while the lowest germination rate was recorded in the mixture of all parts of N. oleander mentioned above. Moreover, the treatment time was found to reduce the germination ratio. It was also found that the extracts from the stem of N. oleander were the most effective on the stem height of the Pistacia species studied. It was followed by the extracts from branches, leaves and flower, respectively. Furthermore, the findings indicated that the extracts from the stem of N. oleander had pronounced effect on the stem diameter of the Pistacia species studied. It was followed by the extracts from flower, leaves, and branches, respectively. In general, the effects of the extracts from several parts of N. oleander on the germination and other growing parameters were found to be almost comparable to those of synthetic promoter, Gibberellic Acid (GA3).

A single specimen of the wide-eyed flounder (Bothus podas Delaroche, 1809) was caught using the trammel nets by fishermen on 15 May 2017 in İbrice Bight (Saroz Bay). This paper represents the first record of B. podas for Saroz Bay.

The aim of the study was to design the drinking milk profiles according to the factors and their levels effecting on the consumers’ purchase decisions towards drinking milk with the region of origin at the retailer level, and then to determine the market shares (MS) and the consumers’ willingness to pay (WTP). Research data were obtained from 160 households consuming drinking milk in Iğdır province. Conjoint Analysis were used to design drinking milk profiles with the region of origin, and to determine their market shares (MS) and consumers’ willingness to pay (WTP). The result of the study highlighted that the marketing shares of the first three drinking milk profiles maximizing the consumers’ total utilities were calculated as %34, %12 and %10 (card number 7, 6 and 1), respectively. On the other hand, the consumers’ willingness to pay under the origins and price levels of drinking milk were analyzed as %26 for Aegean/Marmara Region, %16 for Northeast Anatolia Region and %12 for Eastern Black Sea Region at the lowest price levels. By having designed drinking milk profiles maximizing the consumers’ total utilities, the marketing share and penetration rates of the products could increase, and the product profiles responded to the consumers’ willingness to pay could also satisfy considerably on their purchase decisions.

Vegetables supply various minerals, vitamins, dietary fibers along with important phytochemicals that plays a major contribution in our balance diets and nutrition. Each vegetable contain a unique amount of various nutrients that are strongly linked with the protection of different health diseases. Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is a nonwoody annual plant with purple to white flowers along with enlarged lobed leaves with bushy foliage that grows with maximum height of 120cm. Eggplant is mainly grown for vegetables and medicinal purposes. The phytochemical analysis of eggplant shows that it is the rich source of various essential compounds aspartic acid, tropane, flavonoids, lanosterol, gramisterol, steroid alkaloids, glycoalkaloids, histidine, nasunin, oxalic acid, solasodine, ascorbic acid and tryptophan that are present in fruits and leaves. It also contains low calories and high moisture contents. These compounds were found helpful in the cure of various diseases like cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-asthmatic, anti-platelet hypo-lipidemic, and hypotensive etc. Today most modern scientific techniques are available to cure different various health problems but still majority of population across the globe depends upon the traditional herbal medicines and practices. This review mainly explains nutritional content, medicinal and health benefits of S. melongena

In this study, the antioxidant activities and biochemical characteristics of Ulva rigida (Ulvophyceae) and Arthrospira platensis (Cyanophyceae) were determined. The extracts from two seaweed species were evaluated for their free radical scavenging activity, using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl hydrate (DPPH) method, their total phenolic, flavonoid, and condensed tannin contents, through Folin–Ciocalteu, Quettier-Deleu, and Price methods, respectively. The extracts of two seaweeds showed a low free radical scavenging capacity in comparison with commercial antioxidant BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene), and vitamin C. The extract of U. rigida demonstrated greater antioxidant potential with a low IC50 (3.76±0.02 mg/g Ext.). The total phenolic contents were ranged from 2.21±0.08 (U. rigida) to 8.59±0.62 (A. platensis) mg GAE/g of extract. The highest flavonoid content was found in A. platensis as 22.70±0.65 mg rutin/g of extract. The contents of condensed tannin were measured 3.01±0.11 mg CE/g of extract for A. platensis and 3.76±0.06 mg CE/g of extract for U. rigida. According to results obtained, U. rigida and A. maxima possess antioxidant activity and could be used in for future applications in medicine, functional foods, and agriculture.