In recent years, the world population, urbanization process and need for natural water resources have increased. Therefore, providing the safe and clean drinking water has become an important topic of our day. This research was carried out to determine the bottled water consumption habits and purchasing behaviours of consumers. Primary data were obtained from 384 consumers living in urban areas of Adana province. The demographic characteristics and consumption habits of consumers were determined by calculating frequencies, ratios and averages. Factor analysis was used to determine the factors that affect the purchasing behaviours of the consumers and the cluster analysis were used to distinguish consumers with different perception levels from those with similar characteristics. Results indicated that 40.4% of participants consumed bottled water and 85.2% of these consumers took into account the brand of bottled water. Factor analysis revealed that 3 factors, product characteristics, packaging and price, and recognition affected purchasing behaviours in this sample. As a result of the K-means clustering analysis consumers in this study were divided into 3 groups. The most important factors for consumers in these observed clusters were shelf life, product freshness and product hygiene.

This study aims to determine various relationships between liver, gonad and body weights of the two pipefish species caught in two breeding seasons from the Bafa Lake (Muğla) coasts between 2014 -2016. Using beach seine-net in the lake, a total of 208 pipefish specimens (79 Synathus abaster and 129 Synathus acus) were sampled. L-W relationship and Fulton condition factor were W = 2E - 0.94.01, 0.035 ± 0.009 in S.abaster specimens. Also LW relationships and condition factor were W = 8E-0.93.83 , 0.033 ± 0.01 in S. acus. On the other hand mean ± SD of HSI and GSI values were 2.18 ± 1.65 and 7.69 ± 7.12 respectively. In S.acus values 3.22 ± 3.13 and 5.49 ± 5.12 as well. The decrease in HIS and K values, provides sufficient information to claim that species in the lake spend all energy requirement obtained with proper feeding to growth and gonad development.

Red beet (Beta vulgaris var. Cruenta Alef.) it is a flowering plant belonging to the family of Amaranthaceae and is cultivated in the regions extending from the west of Europe to all the Mediterranean coasts In Turkey; especially in the Aegean and Marmara regions. In the World, it is used in the production of milk and milk products, fruit juices, sauces, soups, confectionery, jelly, tomato paste, breakfast products, sausages and sausage products. In Turkey, in addition to these, it is widely used, in producing the turnip juice and pickles. There beet is particularly rich in minerals such as sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium and phosphorus and also contains iron and selenium. Further; rich in antioxidant phenolic substances, betalain and flavonoid. In this study; antibacterial effect of extracts obtained from red beet outer shell and flesh inner part by using different solvents (ethanol, methanol and distilled water) on some food pathogens were determined by dise diffusion method. As a result of the research; the most antimicrobial effect was observed in the water extract obtained from the shell portion of red beet against Listeria monocytogenes with a 17 mm dilution diameter. This value was determined to be followed by methanol extract obtained from the interior of the red beet against Pseudomonas aeroginosa with a 16 mm dilution diameter. The lowest MIC and MBC values were on the Enterobacter aerogenes of beet peel methanol extract with values of 23.44and 31.25 μg / mL, respectively. All results were compared with the reference values of Eucastand CLSI laboratories and resistance and sensitivity were determined.

Crucial point of fishery management is to let the fish or other species reproduce at least once during their life. Therefore it is very important to determine the length at maturity (Lm) for given species before the first capture. Focus of this study is to determine the consistency between scientific results and minimum landing size (MLS) regulations in the marine fishery of Turkey. For this purpose, 4/1 communique on commercial fishery (2016/35) published by the Republic of Turkey Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry was investigated in order to expose the MLS of given species in Turkey. Literature survey on Lm was also conducted preferably on studies which were performed in Turkish waters or from the Mediterranean basin in order to avoid regional differences. While 86 marine species were reported to be landed in the official fishery statistics, only 49 of them were appointed with a MLS in the commercial fisheries regulation. It was determined that MLS of 27 species were below the Lm according to the selected literature, 7 of them require result on Lm, status of the 2 species couldn’t be decided due to different length types and 13 (27% of the decisions on MLS) of them were found to be in accordance with the scientific literature on Lm. This study shows that MLS regulation must be revised for most of the species in the surrounding waters of Turkey and comprehensive maturity studies are urgently needed in order to fulfill the scientific gap.

Dielectric properties of materials are used for evaluating their interactions with electromagnetic energy. Dielectric properties of food materials are required for various applications in food industry such as microwave (at 915 or 2450 MHz), radio wave (at 13.56, 27.12 or 40.68 MHz) and magnetic field processing. In order to understand the response of food materials to electromagnetic energy, dielectric parameters must be determined as a function of frequency, temperature, composition and moisture content. In this review, the dielectric properties of different food groups were listed depending on temperature and frequency ranges. In addition to the literature data of dielectric properties, the penetration depths of microwave or radio wave through food groups were calculated. The effects of temperature and composition (mostly moisture content) on dielectric properties depend on the type of the food and sometimes on frequency. However, the effect of frequency is constant; increased frequency decreased dielectric constant, loss factor and penetration depth. The lowest calculated penetration depth belonged to the fish surimi gel as 3.39 mm at microwave frequency whereas they were high generally for fats, oily seeds and flours (max was 372602 mm for corn flour). It appears that dielectric properties of foods should be investigated further depending on the interactions between frequency, temperature and composition. And then, dielectric heating based on the aim of the process can be applied accordingly. Besides, it appears that the moisture content and especially the dipole rotation and the conductivity movements of the molecules in free water content of the food are some of the most critical factors influencing the dielectric properties of food materials.

Subacute rumen acidosis is a metabolic disease that usually occurs in the form of recurrent seizures of low rumen pH during periods giving of high energy-containing rations and usually lasts for several minutes or several hours. The most important clinical signs are decreased feed consumption, live weight loss, decrease in rumen movements, abomasum displacement, laminitis, diarrhea, decrease in milk yield and milk fat yield, softening of feces, presence of undigested grains in feces. In this article, the reasons of subacute rumen acidosis which causes significant economic losses in dairy cow farms, methods that can be applied to detect and prevent it have been emphasized.

Salinity stress is one of the most important and common abiotic stress factors that cause significant physiological and metabolic changes in plants, negatively affecting plant growth and development, and causing decrease in product quality and quantity. The elucidation of the molecular control mechanisms associated with salt stress tolerance is based on the activation and /or inactivation of various stress-related genes. Salt Overly Sensitive (SOS) tolerance mechanism under salt stress is of great importance in terms of salt tolerance of the plants. Although this mechanism has been studied for many years, the physiological changes that the plants give as a result of mutation of the genes in the pathway under different levels of sodium chloride (NaCl) during development have not been examined comparatively. In this study, we found that the Arabidopsis thaliana sos1-1 mutant plant showed sensitivity to 10 mM NaCl while the sos3-1 and hkt1-1 mutants showed tolerance. The sos1-1, sos3-1 and hkt1-1 mutants showed increasing sensitivity when NaCl was applied beyon 50 mM of concentration. In addition, plants did not show significant sensitivity for 1 day of stress application, while significant effects were observed in plant root length when exposed to salinity for 3 to 4 days. Col-0, hkt1-1 and sos3-1 roots treated with low levels of NaCl for a short term were positively affected in length. In the light of these results, the amount and duration of salt stress is very critical in Arabidopsis thaliana's responses to the stress and determination of molecular tolerance pathways.

Gezginci arıcılık; koloni verimliliğinin artırılmasında önemli bir uygulama olmakla birlikte son zamanlarda kolonilerin nakliyesinde için işçi bulmak önemli bir sorun haline gelmeye başlamıştır. Arı taşımacılığının genellikle iller arasında ve gece saatlerinde yapılması zorunluluğu, ayrıca arı sokması problemleri nedeniyle çalıştıracak eleman bulunamaması sorununu da beraberinde getirmiştir. Gezginci arıcılıkta taşımacılığın iller arasında yapılması yanında, kolonileri hem yüklerken hem de indirirken ayrı işçilik giderleri gerektirmesi de işletme giderlerini artıran bir diğer faktördür. Bunun sonucu olarak da arıların taşınmasında işçi bulmak hem güç olmakta hem de işçilik maliyetlerinin yüksek olması nedeniyle gezginci arıcılık ekonomik olmaktan uzaklaşmaktadır. Sürekli artan yakıt fiyatlarıyla birlikte nakliye giderlerinin de artması gezginci arıcılığı olumsuz etkileyen bir diğer olumsuzluktur. Arı yükleme ve indirmede yaşanan bu problemlerden dolayı bir arıcı konakladığı yerden memnun olmasa da kolonilerinin yerini hızlıca değiştirememekte ve sezonu verimsiz bir şekilde geçirmek zorunda kalmaktadır.

Bu çalışmada 8. hafta canlı ağırlık tartımlarına göre sınıflandırılarak büyütülen kazların 16. hafta kesim yaşında performans özellikleri ile göğüs ve but etinde renk ve pH değerlerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmaya günlük 478 adet palaz ile (dişi-erkek karışık) başlanmıştır. 8. Haftada canlı ağırlığa göre sınıflandırma (hafif, orta ağır, ağır) yapıldıktan sonra 270 adet kaz (dişi-erkek karışık) ile çalışmaya devam edilmiştir. 10. ve 16. haftalarda, ağır grupta canlı ağırlığın daha yüksek olduğu ve hafif grupta ise canlı ağırlık artışının daha yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Yemden yararlanma oranı da hafif ve orta ağır grupta daha düşük bulunmuştur. Ayak ve but ağırlığı ile göğüs pH değeri ağır grupta, abdominal yağ ağırlığı ve oranı orta ağır grupta, baş oranı hafif grupta daha yüksek tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, sınıflandırmalı büyütmenin hafif grupta canlı ağırlık artışı üzerine etkisi olumludur. Kaz yetiştiriciliğinde hedef kesim canlı ağırlıklarına üniform olarak ulaşmak için bu yöntemden faydalanılabilir.

Bu çalışma, azotlu gübre miktarı ve uygulama formunun ekmeklik buğdayın tane verimi ve kalitesi üzerine etkisinin araştırmak amacıyla Eskişehir Geçit Kuşağı Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü’nde kuru (yağmura bağımlı) ve sulu koşullarda iki üretim sezonunda yürütülmüştür. Kuru koşullarda 7 adet ve sulu koşullarda 8 adet ekmeklik buğday çeşidi materyal olarak kullanılmıştır. Üre, başaklanma döneminde, granül ve yapraktan uygulama şeklinde verilmiştir. Her uygulamada çeşitlerin tane verimi, bazı teknolojik kalite özellikleri belirlenmiştir. Her iki denemede yapraktan üre uygulaması ile SDS sedimantasyon değeri, protein oranı, gluten agregasyon enerji değeri (AGGEN) ve maksimum tork (BEM) değerlerinde artış olurken; peak maksimum zaman (PMT) değerinde azalma olmuştur. Kuru ve sulu şartlarda çeşitler arasında SDS sedimantasyon değerleri açısından istatistiki olarak önemli farklılar olduğu belirlenmiştir. Araştırmada; sulu ve kuru şartlarda yapraktan üre uygulaması ile granüle göre genotiplerden yüksek ekmeklik kalite ile ilişkili olarak Glu-A1 lokusunda 2* alt ünitesi taşıyanların tane veriminde %9,0, protein oranında %6,5, sedimantasyon değerinde %17,0 ve BEM değerinde %3,8; Glu-D1 lokusunda 5+10 alt ünitesi taşıyanların tane verimde %8, protein oranında %5,6, sedimantasyon değerinde %16,0, BEM değerinde %6,4; Glu-B1 lokusunda 7+9 alt ünitesi taşıyanların tane veriminde %7,0, protein oranında %6,0, sedimantasyon değerinde %19,6 ve BEM değerinde %7,2 artış olduğu belirlenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda, ekmeklik buğdayın tane verimi ve teknolojik kalite özelliklerinin iyileştirilmesinde başaklanma döneminde yapraktan üre uygulamasının oldukça olumlu sonuçlar verdiği görülmüştür.