The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different fertilizer doses and drying methods on total phenolic contents and antioxidant activity of organic white tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze) obtained from Hemşin Valley, region of Rize/Turkey. The determination of phenolic constituents was done by the Folin-Ciocalteau method and the determination of antioxidant activity by the FRAP method. The results showed that the phenolic content of white tea was as follows: 443,7- 506,2 µg GAE/g DW in the drying oven, 421,4- 473,6 µg GAE/g DW in shadow and 434,4- 485,2 µg GAE/g DW in the liofilizator. According to the FRAP method the antioxidant activity was as follows: 1130,1-1176,9 mg FeSO4/gr DW in drying oven, 1141,2-1157,1 mg FeSO4/gr DW in shadow and 1005,3-1183,2 mg FeSO4/gr DW in lyophylizator. The results revealed that different fertilizer doses and drying methods had important effects on the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of white tea.

In this study, which was performed on an over-grazing pasture in Şanlıurfa under the influence of a dry climate, the effects of different breeding methods such as natural(control), fertilization, insemination, fertilization+insemination+insemination+insemination + release on natural pastures were investigated. In order to increase the yield potential of Natural Pastures in the research area, manure, seedling, fertilization+seedling, fertilization+seedling+version methods were applied on both protected and grazing fields. Using the transect method, key plant species in the region were determined. As a result of the research, according to two-year averages, the highest dry grass yield in grazing area was 47.98 kg/da fertilized seedlings and the lowest yield was 21.40 kg/da natural (control) seedlings. According to two-year averages, the highest dry grass yield in the protected area was obtained from 171.29 kg/da manure, and the lowest value was obtained from 82.77 kg/da natural (control) pasture. According to the results of breeding methods applied in the field of research; in addition to protecting pasture areas, a suitable fertilization is required. In addition, it was concluded that the desired result could be achieved by making a regular grazing according to the rules of grazing amanjman.

Boron is an important micronutrient for growth and development of crop plants. Plant species differ in their requirement of boron for growth. This study was conducted to determine the effect of boron application on the plant characteristics of maize during early leaf stages. The experiments were conducted in Tel – Kaliş agricultural research area at the Mustafa Kemal University in 2015 and 2016 growing seasons. The field experiments were arranged in a split plot design with three replications. Four boron dosages (control, 4, 6 and 8 mg/m2) were applied at three growing stages (V2, V4 and V2V4 (at V2 and V4 stages in two equal parts) as foliar spray. The results revealed that the effects of foliar application of B were positive but statistically insignificant on plant characteristics. Further researches should be conducted for suitable boron application time at different growth stages of maize.

This study was carried out to determine some socio-demographic characteristics of freshwater amateur anglers who are social media users in interactive area. Fishers were surveyed using an online questionnaire. The survey comprised 24 questions. The first set of questions collected demographic data and was compatible with other major recreational fisher surveys. The survey was conducted with 2045 people. The online questionnaire applied in this study has participated in 71 different provinces of Turkey. A very important proportion of amateur fishers participating in the survey was male (99.9%). When the occupational distributions of fishers are examined, unemployment was the most common with 41.7% and followed by self-employed (26.3%), civil servant (16.2%), retired (8.1%) and student (6.2%) respectively. Although the angling fish is generally regarded as a retired occupation, their rate was very low due to the application of the questionnaire interactively. This finding is supported by the fact that 76.7% of the respondents are between 25-46 ages. The majority of angling fishers are single (76.7%) and the average monthly income of them is 2845 TL. The average monthly income of 51.2% of participants was found between 1500 and 3000 TL. 40.6% of amateur anglers are high school graduates and 41.5% of them had university (pre-undergraduate, undergraduate and graduate) education. It can be said that the education level of amateur anglers participating in this study is higher than Turkey's commercial fisheries in many lakes and dam lakes.

Çalışmada ülkemizde en çok yetiştirilen sebzeler arasında yer alan domates bitkisi araştırmanın konusu olarak seçilmiştir. Domates üretiminde Çukurova yöresi son yıllarda giderek artan bir üretim potansiyeline sahiptir. Dolayısıyla çalışma alanı olarak Çukurova yöresi seçilmiştir. Çalışmada araştırma alanındaki illere ait uzun yıllık sıcaklık ve yağış değerleri çalışmanın materyalini oluşturmuştur. Çalışmada Büyüme Derece-Gün (BDG) yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Domates bitkisinin gelişim evreleri için denge sıcaklıkları seçilmiş, gelişim dönemlerindeki denge sıcaklık değerlerine göre BDG değerleri hesaplanmıştır. Hesaplanan bu değerler irdelenerek araştırma alanındaki illerin yetiştiricilik açısından uygunluğu belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Çalışmadan elde edilen veriler doğrultusunda Mersin ilinin ön plana çıktığı kanısına varılmıştır. Bitkisel üretim alanlarının önceden belirlenmesi ve bu alanlara göre üretim yapılması verimi olumlu yönde etkileyecektir. Dolayısıyla üreticinin gelirinin artması ülke ekonomisine de olumlu yönde katkı sağlayacaktır. Ayrıca, domates bitkisinin gelişim evreleri için seçilen temel sıcaklık değerlerine göre çoklu doğrusal olmayan regresyon denklemleri geliştirilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, geliştirilen bu denklemler kullanılarak domates bitkisinin BDG değerlerini etkileyen değişkenler sayesinde domatesin gelişimi hakkında önceden bilgi sahibi olunacağı kanısına varılmıştır.

Hazelnut is the important agricultural product of the Eastern and Western Black Sea region of Turkey and is usually exported to the world market dried and unshelled. Hazelnut in husks are dried generally grass and concrete ground under the sun. The traditional sun-dried process (concrete and grass ground) used by hazelnut farmers takes about 10 to 25 days counting on the weather conditions. If rainfall is high during the harvesting period, drying takes longer and causes the harvest and spoilt. Rapid postharvest processing, mostly in husking and drying, is crucial for the quality the last product, among which the hazelnut drying plays essential role. Because sun-dried on the concrete and grass ground increase fungal activities of hazelnuts and the risk of mycotoxin development due to mould growth. And also, under the action light and heat lipid molecules are released free fatty acids, which can affect the stability of oil. Dryer can prevent mould growth and oil oxidation. Thus, drying machine appears to be a promising strategy for hazelnut drying.

Bugün kırmızı et tüketiminin yeterli düzeyde olması ülkelerin gelişme düzeylerinin göstergelerinden birisidir. Fakat Türkiye’de yeterli kırmızı et üretiminin olmaması, fiyatların yükselmesine ve kırmızı et tüketiminin düşmesine yol açmaktadır. Bu durum ithalatı zorunlu hale getirmektedir. Türkiye’de Kastamonu gibi birçok bölge, geniş meraları ve ormanlık alanları ile küçükbaş hayvancılığa fazlasıyla uygundur. Bu bağlamda çalışmanın amacı, Kastamonu İlinde kırsal kalkınmanın sağlanması için, küçükbaş hayvan üreticilerinin sorunlarını tespit ederek, bu sorunların kümelenme yolu ile çözülebilme durumunu araştırmaktır. Bu amaca ulaşmak için, İlde bulunan üreticiler ile görüşmeler yapılarak, sektörün sorunları ve bu sorunların çözümünde kümelenme olgusuna bakış açıları belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır.

This study aims to investigate the views and awareness level of nutrition and dietetics undergraduates about genetically modified organisms (GMO). A total of 228 university students participated in the research (130 female, 98 male students). During data collection, 8 open-ended questions and attitude scale questionnaire (30 questions) were applied in order to determine the demographic features and GMO knowledge of students. Students’ replies to questions; “Do you think GMO technology is beneficial or harmful? If it's beneficial, why? If it is harmful, why?” 76.8% stated that they found it harmful. To the question, “if it is harmful why?” students replied, “they cause cancer”. There is a statistical difference between the answers of first and third-year students. To the question, “have you heard about the precautions that were taken by the ministry? If yes, do you think they are sufficient?” 76.80% students stated that they were not aware of the precautions that were taken by the ministry. 53 participants replied to this question as “I have an idea about this.” But to the question “Is it sufficient?” they stated that they are not sure about it. There is a statistical difference between graduates of Vocational High School and Anatolian High School. In this assessment, it was seen that the basic knowledge of students about GMO is enough, but they experience confusion. Most of the students believe that GMO technology is harmful and has some conceptual errors. Positive and negative sides of GMO technology should be expressed clearly. It was concluded that course curriculums should include topics that will increase knowledge and awareness related to GMOs. Additionally, courses can be given selectively in the field of biotechnology so that confusion about GMO’s can be eliminated.

Tavukçuluk ürünlerinin tüketimi üzerine sosyo-ekonomik koşulların etkisini belirlemek üzere yapılan bu araştırma sonucunda elde edilecek veriler, üretimin şekillenmesine etki edecek, pazarlamanın yapılmasında yaşanan tıkanıklığın giderilmesine katkı sağlayacaktır. Bu araştırma; gelişmişlik düzeyi farklı bölgelerde, değişik yaş, gelir, eğitim düzeyi ve meslek gruplarındaki tüketicilerin, organik tavukçuluk ürünlerinin tüketimini etkileyen faktörleri belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Bu amaçla, Kayseri, Sivas ve Yozgat illerinde (TR 72 Bölgesi) bulunan üç ilde toplam 1350 (Kayseri 500, Sivas 450, Yozgat 400) örnekleme yüz yüze anket uygulaması yapılmıştır. Ankete katılanların cinsiyet, yaş grubu, eğitim düzeyleri, gelir durumları gibi demografik özellikleri dikkate alınarak, organik ürün tercihini etkileyen faktörler ve görüşlerini belirlemek üzere yapılan analizin tüketimi üzerine etkisinin değişimi TR72 bölgesi bazında incelenmiştir. Meslek bazında katılımcıların organik ürün tercihini etkileyen fiyat, besin değeri, güvenli olması, sağlığa zararlı olmaması ve doğal ve ekolojik olması tüm meslek grupları tarafından oldukça önemli bulunmuştur. Tüm faktörler bazında meslek gruplarının değerlendirmesi arasında fark önemli (P

Probiotics are defined as live microorganisms that provide beneficial effects when consumed in sufficient quantities. Currently available probiotics are bacteria such as Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and Bacillus. In recent years, yeast has presented great potential for the development of new probiotics. Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii is the only yeast that has been recognized and characterized as probiotic until today. This raises the question of whether other yeast species have probiotic properties. Recent investigations show that some species with probiotic evidence are Kluyveromyces marxianus and Pichia kudriavzeii, except S. cerevisiae. Most of the enzymes produced by the preserved yeast are involved in the metabolism of complex compounds in foods, thus forming the nutritional value and organoleptic properties of fermented foods. EFSA has given the QPS statue, the "food additive," only a few yeasts. In order to verify interesting properties, probiotic working of yeasts needs to be examined in more detail.