Canine parvovirus (CPV) is a pathogen causing hemorrhagic enteritis in puppies and mainly transmitting via feco-oral route. In this study, stool samples were collected from a total of 35 animals suspected of CPV. The samples were examined by Conventional PCR, Nested PCR and Differential PCR tests. 20 out of 35 dogs (57.1%) were detected positive by conventional PCR, 31 (88.6%) by nested PCR and 30 (85.7%) by differential PCR. CPV 2a was stated as the most common antigenic type, male animals and 0–3-month-olds had a high rate of becoming sick and vaccinated animals might also catch the disease, rarely. Accordingly, it is recommended to focus on studies providing molecular epidemiology surveillance in order to detect the existing subtypes and develop reliable diagnosis and vaccination methods.

Peganum harmala L. (Zygophyllaceae) known locally as harmel is a medicinal plant. In traditional medicine, its seeds have long been used for therapeutic purposes because of their richness in β-carboline alkaloids. This study aimed to evaluate the maternal and developmental toxicity during pregnancy by daily IP administration of 7.99 mg/kg/day (1/20 DL50) of total alkaloids extract in P.harmala’ seeds. The results summarized in confirmed pregnancy rates were high 90-100%, decreased locomotor activity, paralysis, and hypothermia. Maternal body weight and weight gain changes were statistically significant in all pregnant. Precisely, the relative weight of ovaries was significantly changed in all the groups treated. The ALAT and gamma GT concentrations show a significant change in the group treated for seven days. Significant changes in the total and indirect bilirubin levels were observed in all treated groups. The hormonal analysis showed a significant decrease in FSH levels in a treated group for seven days and two weeks, Progesterone levels were increased significantly in treated groups for seven and three weeks and increased significantly in a treated group for two groups, however, the levels of Estrogen were changed significantly only in the treated group for three. The results show a significant difference in total resorbed litters and the number of fetus deaths in the group treated for three weeks. The fetus weight in the group treated for two weeks was significant. The results show a significant decrease in the number of implantations and an increase in pre-and post-implantation loss rates, and there were no developed live or dead, and no resorbed fetuses in all treated dams, there were only implantation sites in both uterine horns. The total extract of the alkaloids in the seeds of P. harmala has adverse effects on maternotoxicity, embryonic development, and abortion.

Yürütülen çalışmada sürdürülebilir kaynaklardan çevre dostu biyopolimerlerin elde edilmesi ve biyomalzeme olarak kullanılabilirliği araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla, sığır aşil tendonundan kollajen, ipek böceği kozasından fibroin, kahverengi deniz alglerinden sodyum alginat ve aloe vera jelinden biyoaktif bileşenler izole edilerek saflaştırılmıştır. Ürün verimi kollajen, fibroin, sodium alginat ve aloe vera için sırasıyla %79.8 (w/w), %69.49 (w/w kozadan), %35.1 (w/w) ve %1 (w/v jeldeki kuru miktar) oranında hesaplanmıştır. Bu biyomoleküllerden dondurarak kurutma yöntemi ile doku iskeleleri hazırlanmıştır. Ancak, aloe vera jeli katı formada yapı bütünlüğünü koruyamayarak 3-boyutlu iskele yapı oluşturamamıştır. Fibroin, kollajen ve sodyum alginat iskelelerin FTIR analizleri ürünlerin saf olarak elde edildiğini, liyoflizasyon sırasında kimyasal yapının korunduğunu göstermiştir. SEM ile yüzey analizleri ise iskelelerin doku mühendisliği uygulamaları için uygun olduğunu desteklemiştir. Sonuç olarak, petrol kaynaklı polimer yerine sürdürülebilir kaynaklardan, genel olarak oda şartlarında bioaktif polimerler yüksek verimle elde edilmiş ve biyomalzeme olarak kullanılabilecekleri belirlenmiştir. Biyomoleküllerin bu şekilde sürdürülebilir kaynaklardan elde edilmesi hem hammadde sorununun hem de polimer kaynaklı çevresel kirliliğin çözümünde önemli potansiyele sahiptir.

In this study, it was aimed to optimize the ultrasonic rehydration conditions of dried tomatoes. Rehydration conditions were optimized by Response Surface Method (RSM). The optimization of ultrasonic (37 kHz) rehydration conditions were performed with independent variables at different temperatures (20-80°C), time (2-60 min) and water ratios (1/50-1/100 g/g water), and rehydration ability, color a* (redness) and texture values were selected as responses (dependent variable). The estimated and experimental analysis results were compared in the selection of the optimum rehydration condition. As a result, it was determined that ultrasonic rehydration at 58°C/54 min/72 ml water conditions could be used as the optimum point. At the selected optimum point, the rehydration ability, color a* value and texture values were determined as 2.82±0.16, 13.09 ±1.63 and 0.46±0.13 N, respectively. These results are seen as proof that ultrasound application can be used in the rehydration of dried tomatoes.

Pestil is one of the important foods traditionally produced in Türkiye, with high energy, vitamin and mineral content. It is obtained by naturally drying the pulp obtained from different kinds of fruits after mixing it with ingredients such as sugar and flour. In regions where the fruiting period depends on the season, fruit pulp is produced in order to benefit from it in winter. In addition, bioactive components originating from the fruit increase the nutritional value. In this study, the physicochemical and antioxidative properties of the pestil obtained from three different Hawthorn fruits (Crataegus meyeri, Crataegus turkestenica and Crataegus orientalis) known to have positive effects on health were investigated. The results revealed that, depending on the fruit type, pestil samples have high antioxidative properties (IC50: 50.11±0.16-52.1±2.14 mg/mL) due to the high phenol content (39.8±0.16-52.95±1.21 mg GA/g DW). In this context, in the present study, it has been seen that the pestil prepared with the traditional method from three different Hawthorn fruits should be industrially produced as a product for people to access healthy and various foods today.

Assessing the suitability of soils for agricultural production is critical in promoting sustainable agriculture. Knowledge gained from soil suitability analysis provides the sound basis for making informed decisions about soil management and crop selection in a given area. In view of this, this study was carried out to assess the physical suitability of soils in the Libga Irrigation Scheme for the sustainable cultivation of jute mallow (Corchorus olitorius), tomato (Solanum lycoperscum L.) and cabbage (Brassica oleracea var capitata). Soil samples were collected at 0–30 cm and 30–60 cm depths from 50 geo-referenced points located at the nodes of a 100 m × 100 m regular grid. Particle size distribution, bulk density, total porosity, field capacity, permanent wilting point, available water capacity, saturated hydraulic conductivity, electrical conductivity and pH were determined following standard laboratory protocols at the AGSSIP Laboratory of the University for Development Studies, Nyankpala campus, Ghana. Weighting of soil properties was achieved through the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Soil suitability maps for the selected crops were produced using weighted overlay analysis in ArcGIS (10.5). The results showed that generally about 44.3 ha (76.4 %), 44.7 ha (82.2 %) and 55.7 ha (96.0 %) of the irrigation field are moderately suitable for jute mallow, tomato and cabbage production respectively. The major limiting factors for the crops were high BD and acidity levels. The AHP proved to be a very useful tool for the incorporation of farmers’ views into decision making about the suitability of soils for crop production.

Milk is an important food substance and has a complex polydisperse system. The main components of milk consist of lactose, protein, and lipids. Mineral substances and vitamins are also present in milk as minor nutrients. Lactose known as milk sugar is the only carbohydrate in milk and it consists of glucose and galactose. The content of lactose in milk has varied according to milk types. Moreover, it is the most important energy source during the first years of human life, providing almost half of the total energy needed by newborns. Lactose is obtained industrially from the residues of cheese and casein production processes. Lactulose, lactitol, lactobionic acid, galactooligosaccharide, lactosucrose, epilactose, and tagatose are commonly known lactose derivatives. These derivates are produced from lactose using various methods such as epimerization, oxidation, and reduction. In this review, up-to-date information about lactose, lactose derivatives, and the production methods of lactose derivatives are given.

The common name for Viburnum opulus in Türkiye is "gilaburu". Despite its bitter and acrid taste, it is consumed as fruit juice or products such as jam, marmalade, jelly. They have antioxidant properties as they contain high levels of phytocompounds such as anthocyanin, phenolics, triterpenoids and vitamins. In the study, the fruits of V. opulus grown in Sivas, Kayseri and Yozgat villages were found to contain palmitic acid (C 16:0), oleic acid (C 18:1), linoleic acid (C 18:2), myristic acid (C 14:0), palmitoleic acid (C 16:1), stearic acid (C 18:0), heptadesanoic acid (C17:1), eicosenoic acid (C 20:1), eicosadienoic acid (C 20:2), lauric acid (C 12: 0), margaric acid (C 17:0), pentadecanoic acid (C 15:0), caprylic acid (C 8:0) and gincoloic acid (C 15:1) were examined. In the study, it was observed that the dominant fatty acids were palmitic acid (C 16:0), oleic acid (C 18:1) and linoleic acid (C 18:2). Similarly, in the examples, lauric acid (C 12:0), margaric acid (C 17:0), pentadecanoic acid (C 15:0), caprylic acid (C 8:0) and gincoloic acid (C 15:1) found in trace amounts.

Effects of different drying temperatures (45, 55, and 65°C) on drying kinetic parameters, physical quality attributes, and contents of bioactive compounds of strawberry samples were investigated by a pilot scale cabin dryer with air circulation. The diffusion coefficient of water was determined between (Deff) 3.69-9.75 (m2/s) × 10-10, while the diffusion activation energy (Ea) was calculated as 43.42 kJ/mol. Significant changes were observed in color parameters (L*, a*, b*, C*, Hue* and ∆E*) depending on the drying temperature. It has been determined that strawberry is an important source of phenolics and contains high amounts of three anthocyanin compounds and ellagic acid. The most abundant anthocyanin compound in strawberry samples was identified as pelargonidin-3-glucoside (80.26 mg/100g DM), and followed by pelargonidin-3-rutinoside (7.72 mg/100g KM) and cyanidin-3-glucoside (5.08 mg/100g KM). On the other hand, ellagic acid content was determined as the highest in the dried strawberries (23.11-37.04 mg/100g DM) after different drying temperatures. It is concluded that moderate temperatures (