This study investigated the effects of Potato Golden Cyst Nematode (Globodera rostochiensis) on plant development and tuber yield in naturally infested fields with and without nematicides. The study was arranged in a randomized block design in the Alay district of Niğde province in 2021. In the study 4 varieties (PAE 13-08-07 clone, Ünlenen, Leventbey, Muratbey) developed by Niğde Potato Research Institute and two controls (Desiree and Bettina) were used. 50% emergence time, 50% flowering time, number of stems per plant, plant height, tuber maturation time, number of large tubers in total tuber and tuber yield per hectare were examined in potato varieties. No difference was detected in 50% emergence time, number of stems per plant and 50% flowering time in potato varieties in the nematicide-applied area and the nematode-infested area. Varieties were affected by nematicide application at varying rates in terms of plant height and tuber maturation time. The most significant increase in tuber size and tuber weight was observed as a result of nematicide application in the field infested with Potato Golden Cyst nematode.

In this study, effects of sage (Salvia officinalis L.), oregano (Origanum onites L.), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.), dill (Anethum graveolens L.), cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.), fennel (Foeniculum vulgare var. dulce L.) and Turkish pickling herb (Echinophora tenuifolia L. subsp. sibthorpiana (Guss.)) essential oils applied to plant leaves at different doses on potato growth, tuber yield and quality were investigated. Essential oils were applied to the upper parts of the plant by spraying at doses of 300, 600, 900 and 1200 ppm three times at 15-day intervals, starting 15 days after the completion of emergence. The number of tubers and tuber yield per plant, marketable and total tuber yield, chlorophyll content, starch content, reducing and total sugar content parameters were examined. The effects of essential oil applications on tuber yield and quality were found to be statistically significant, and this effect varied according to application doses. Compared to the control, essential oil applications increased the marketable tuber yield by approximately 38% (300 ppm rosemary essential oil) and the total tuber yield by up to 28% (600 ppm rosemary essential oil). However, rosemary and oregano oils caused phytotoxicity and reduced tuber yield when applied in high doses. Except for sage and oregano, other essential oils positively affected chlorophyll synthesis. Essential oil applications reduced the accumulation of reducing sugar, which negatively affects tuber quality, and the lowest reducing sugar contents were detected in tubers to which fennel and oregano essential oils were applied. In the study, it was understood that tuber yield in potatoes could be increased significantly with the applications of 300 and 600 ppm rosemary essential oil and 300 ppm cumin essential oil.

Current study intends to find out the carbon footprint of Dokuz Eylül University's Tınaztepe Campus and comprehensively assess its environmental impact in the process. The study provides a detailed analysis of carbon emissions resulting from the campus’s energy consumption, transportation, water usage, and other sources. Based on these analyses, the total CO2 emmission of the campus has been determined, taking into account the carbon sequestration capacity of the university's forested area. Calculations performed using the IPCC Tier 1 Model estimate that Tınaztepe Campus's total annual carbon footprint is 2,458.44 tons of CO2. Additionally, the annual carbon footprint per capita has been calculated as 0.059 tons of carbon footprint. According to the findings, the largest portion of carbon emissions is from natural gas consumption, while the smallest is from water consumption. In light of this data, various strategic recommendations have been developed to reduce the campus’s carbon footprint. These recommendations include measures such as increasing energy efficiency, adopting more sustainable transportation methods, and reducing water consumption. The results of this study provide valuable insights for universities to consider when developing sustainability policies.

This study was carried out to determine the in-vitro antifungal activities of essential oils obtained from thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.), Turkish pickling herb (Echinophora tenuifolia subsp. sibthorpiana), clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.), cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume), eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus Labill), dill (Anethum graveolens L.), juniper (Juniperus communis L.), and ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) against Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium solani infections. Essential oils were added to autoclaved potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium at 0, 500, 1000 and 2000 ppm doses. Mycelium disks of both fungi with a diameter of 5 mm were transferred to the center of petri dishes and incubated at 24±2 °C for 7 days. The biocontrol efficiencies of the essential oils were calculated by measuring the mycelial development diameters. Essential oil applications showed significant antifungal activity against R. solani pathogen and cinnamon, thyme and clove essential oils at 1000 ppm, and dill essential oil at 2000 ppm doses completely inhibited mycelial development. The biocontrol efficiencies of juniper (2.4-12.6%), eucalyptus (2.8-26.6%) and ginger (18.2-37.3%) essential oils against R. solani were found to be low. While clove and thyme essential oils completely inhibited F. solani mycelial development at 2000 ppm dose, the biocontrol efficiencies of ginger (1.6-3.7%), eucalyptus (1.2-7.4%) and dill (2.9-9.8%) essential oils were low. It was concluded that especially clove, thyme, cinnamon and Turkish pickling herb essential oils showed high in-vitro antifungal activity against both phytopathogens and may have the potential to be used as an alternative to synthetic fungicide active substances.

Kentin en önemli açık ve yeşil alanı olan parklar, kentsel yeşil alan sisteminin bir parçası olmalarına bağlı olarak yaşanılan kentleri çekici ve yaşanır hale getirir, çevrenin monotonluğunu hafifletir, kentlere imaj kazandırır, yapı kitlelerinin yumuşak bir görünüm kazanmasına olanak sağlarlar. Kentlerin sürdürülebilirliğini sağlayan, kent insanı için kaliteli ve konforlu yaşam alanı oluşturan kent parkları, sahip olduğu peyzaj tasarım özellikleri doğrultusunda hitap ettiği kullanıcıları etkilemektedir. Tasarım kriterlerine uygunluğun hem olumlu hem olumsuz yönleri yalnız kent parkını değil kullanıcısı ve kentin tümünü ilgilendirmektedir. İçerisinde hiçbir rekreasyonel aktivitesi bulunmayan, konforsuz, yeşil bir dokusu olmayan mekânlar kente olumlu anlamda bir şey katmadığı gibi bulunduğu çevrenin insanı için de fiziksel, sosyal ve kültürel anlamda bir etkileşim yaratmadığı için kent insanı psikolojisi üzerinde durağanlık ve huzursuzluğa neden olacaktır. Bu çalışmada Niğde ili Merkez ilçesinde bulunan 5 kent parkının yerinde gözlem, tespit ve mevcut durumlarının analiz edilmesi planlanmıştır. Çalışmanın amacı, Niğde İli sınırları içerisinde kent ölçeğinde hizmet sağlayan bazı parkların peyzaj tasarım kriterlerine uygunluğunun tespit edilmesidir. Bu bağlamda belirlenen peyzaj tasarım kriterlerine göre parkların peyzaj tasarımı açısından uygunlukları tespit edilip, parkların mevcut durumlarının analiz edilmesine yönelik değerlendirmeler yapılması planlanmaktadır. Değerlendirme sonucunda mevcut durumun sorununa yönelik peyzaj tasarım kriterlerine uygun olacak şekilde çözüm önerileri sunulacaktır.

This study was carried out under controlled conditions to determine the effects of chitosan-based nanoemulsion film coating formulations, formed using different essential oils, on storage quality of sugar beet roots during storage period. In the study, roots of Conviso Smart (KWS) sugar beet variety were coated with nanoemulsion film formulations containing thyme (Thymus vulgaris), clove (Szygium aromaticum), ginger (Zingiber officinale) and tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) essential oils doses of 250, 500 and 1000 ppm immediately after harvest. The roots were stored in plastic cases under controlled conditions (+ 8-10°C, 85-90% relative humidity) for 90 days. Weight loss in beet roots was determined at 30-day intervals from the start of the storage period, and at the end of the storage period, firmness, dry matter ratio, brix value, polar sugar, reducing sugar, alpha amino nitrogen and glycine betaine contents and fungal infection developments in beet roots were also evaluated. The film coating applications significantly affected postharvest weight and quality losses in sugar beet roots. The applications significantly reduced roots weight loss during storage compared to the control. Although the polar sugar ratios were higher in film coated roots compared to the control, alpha-amino nitrogen, glycine betaine, and reducing sugar contents showed significant decreases. White mold and green mold infections on the roots were significantly decreased, especially with high dose film coating applications. The highest dry matter ratio, brix values and firmness were obtained from film coatings containing 1000 ppm cinnamon and thyme essential oils. While polar sugar ratio was higher in root which film coated compared to the control, alpha amino nitrogen, glycine betaine and reducing sugar contents showed significant decreases. White mold and green mold infections developing on root showed significant decreases especially with film coating applications applied at high doses. The study concluded that coating sugar beet roots with nanoemulsion film formulations containing essential oils can significantly reduce, weight and quality losses, as well as fungal disease development, during the storage period.

Bu araştırmada yenilikçi uygulamalar olarak görülen okul bahçelerinde tarım uygulamaları ile ilgili yapılan araştırmaların gelişim sürecinin tespit edilmesi ve erken çocukluk eğitimi ve çocuk gelişimi bağlamında tartışılması amaçlanmaktadır. Araştırma, betimsel nitelikte olup, tarama modeli tipindedir. Araştırmaya Web of Science veri tabanında yer alan tüm indekslerde “school gardening” anahtar kelimesi ile taranan okullarda tarım uygulamaları konusunda İngilizce dilinde yayınlanmış makale veya bildiri şeklindeki toplam 89 akademik yayın dahil edilmiştir. Yayınlar, bilgisayar ortamına aktarılarak yıllara göre yayın sayıları, yazarların, ülkelerin ve makalelerin yayınlandığı dergilerin dağılımı, anahtar kelimelerin sıklığı gibi birçok değişkene göre ayrılarak çözümlenmiş, grafiklerle gösterilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda; bilimsel yayınların sayısında zaman zaman düşüşler olmasına rağmen düzenli olarak artış eğiliminde olduğu, en çok Horttechnology isimli dergide yayın yapıldığı, en yüksek h indeksinin J. E. Cade isimli yazar olduğu, en çok araştırma yapılan kurumun ABD’de bulunan üniversiteler olduğu, çalışmalarda en fazla tercih edilen Web of Science veri tabanındaki micro konunun obezite, en fazla tercih edilen araştırma alanının eğitim araştırmaları, en fazla tercih edilen sürdürülebilir kalkınma amaçlarının sağlık ve kaliteli yaşam olduğu saptanmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen sonuçlar doğrultusunda; okul bahçelerinin belli bölümlerinin tarım uygulamaları için ayrılması, tüm kademelerdeki eğitim müfredatına okullarda yapılabilecek tarım uygulamalarının entegre edilmesi, eğitim ile ilgili iç ve dış olmak üzere tüm paydaşlara okul bahçeciliği ile ilgili eğitimler verilmesi, okul bahçelerinde tarım uygulamaları ile ilgili araştırma ve disiplinler arası projelerin planlanması ve uygulanması, yapılacak araştırmalarda farklı ülkelerle etkili işbirliklerinin yapılması, okullarda tarım uygulamalarının yaygınlaştırılması için kongre, çalıştay gibi akademik faaliyetlerin uluslararası işbirlikleri ile düzenlenmesi önerilmektedir.

Bu çalışmada, modifiye atmosfer paketleme (MAP) ve 1-metilsiklopropen (1-MCP) ‘Farfia’ kayısı çeşidi meyvelerinin hasat sonrası dayanımlarına etkilerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma; a) Kontrol, b) MAP, c) 1-MCP, d) MAP + 1-MCP, e) RipeLock™ MAP ambalaj + 1-MCP olacak şekilde beş farklı uygulama gerçekleştirilmiştir. 1-MCP, 24 saat 625 ppb olarak uygulanmıştır. ‘Farfia’ kayısı çeşidine ait meyveler 8 hafta süreyle 0°C’de %90 nemde depolanmıştır. Depolama öncesi ve süresince 2 haftalık periyotlarla alınan örneklerde ambalajların ağzı açılarak 2 gün raf ömründe (20°C) bekletildikten sonra ağırlık kaybı, renk, meyve eti sertliği, suda çözünür kuru madde miktarı, asitlik, pH, toplam fenol miktarı, antioksidan aktivitesi, solunum hızı, etilen salınımı, duyusal değerlendirme ve çürüklük gelişimi belirlenmiştir. MAP’ın yer aldığı uygulamalar, kayısı meyvelerinin ağırlık kaybını depolama ve raf ömrü süresince önemli derecede azalttığı görülmüştür. Meyve eti sertliğinin korunmasında, MAP ile 1-MCP’nin birlikte uygulamaları etkili olmuştur. MAP’ın yer aldığı uygulamalarda meyvelerin solunum hızları daha düşük bulunmuştur. MAP ve 1-MCP’nin teksel ve birlikte uygulanmaları kayısı meyvelerinin etilen salınımını yavaşlatmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda MAP ile 1-MCP’nin birlikte yapıldığı uygulamalardaki ‘Farfia’ kayısı meyvelerinin 42 gün başarıyla saklanabileceği saptanmıştır.

Sustainable agricultural production depends on increasing crop productivity while preserving soil health and reducing environmental risk. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential of biochar (10 t ha-1) based organic and inorganic fertilizer for increasing okra productivity through a field experiment conducted in Gajuri, Dhading. A 130 m2 area was divided into six treatment groups, each with four replications, using a Randomized Complete Block Design. The following were the treatments: i) inorganic fertilizer (RF); ii) biochar plus inorganic fertilizer (BF); iii) biochar plus vermicompost (BVC); iv) biochar plus poultry manure (BPM); v) biochar (BC); vi) control; neither biochar nor fertilizer (CK). The recommended rates of urea, di-ammonium phosphate (DAP), and muriate of potash (MOP) were applied to the mineral NPK fertilizers in RF and BF. The rate whereby organic fertilizers were applied was 200 kg N ha-1. Plots treated with biochar and various fertilizer groups were compared in terms of growth and yield efficiency. The BVC treatment was found to exhibit poorer growth performance in terms of plant height, number of leaves, primary branches, and nodes compared to the combination of biochar and poultry manure. Fruit output rose by 170% over CK (7.13 mt ha-1) and by 53.26% over RF (12.58 mt ha-1) after BPM treatment (19.28 mt ha-1). While BF and RF did not significantly differ in terms of growth characteristics, BF outproduced RF by 29% and CK by 126.79% in terms of pod yield. BF and BPM offered greater financial rewards than alternative treatments.

This study was carried out at the research field of Rainas Municipality, lamjung, Nepal from February to June 2022. It was conducted to evaluate the effect of different doses of ethephon on vegetative character, sex expression and yield of cucumber. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 4 replications and 5 treatments (four different doses of ethephon @ 100 ppm, @ 300 ppm, @ 400 ppm and @ 500 ppm as well as water spraying as control). Spraying was done twice, the 1st at two true leaf stage and the 2nd at four true leaf stage. The observed data were analyzed using Gen stat and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) to find out the significant differences between the mean values at 5% level of significance. Among various concentration of ethephon, the most potent doses of ethephon to increase female flower were 100 ppm, 300 ppm and 400 ppm. The treatment with 300 ppm ethephon result early emergence of female flower, higher number of female flower and lower sex ratio followed by 400 ppm. Yield of cucumber was found higher with 300 ppm ethephon comparison to other treatment. The benefit-cost ratio (B:C ratio) was found highest at 300 ppm ethephon treatment and lowest in the control group. Considering various impacts of different doses of ethephon, treatment with 300 ppm ethephon is recommended.