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Antagonistic Activity of Bacillus spp. Against Fire Blight Disease In vitro and In planta 全文
2021
Haris Butt | Kubilay Kurtulus Bastas
Fire blight, affecting more than one hundred and thirty species in the Rosaceae, is probably the most destructive disease affecting pear and apple cultivars in many countries. Currently, there are no effective synthetic compounds with systemic properties. Other major problem is the occurrence and spread of strains of Erwinia amylovora with resistance to streptomycin and copper. Taken into consideration the human and environmental health, the use of biocontrol agents either as an alternative or as a supplement within an integrated fire blight management strategy has attracted worldwide attention. In this study, E. amylovora solution of 107 CFU ml-1 was treated with bio-control agents, Bacillus subtilis str. QST 713, B. amyloliquefaciens str. MBI 600 and their mixture (at solution densities of 106, 107 and 108 CFU ml-1 for each one) on Petri dishes, containing King’s B medium and, compared with positive (streptomycin sulphate) and negative (sterile distilled water) controls. In vivo studies were performed on two-year-old apple cv. Gala seedlings grown in 45-cm-diameter pots containing a sterilized mix of soil–sand–peat under controlled greenhouse conditions (85% relative humidity, 25°C temperature and 16h of day light). The plants were irrigated as needed by drip-irrigation and each pot received a mineral solution (NPK: 20–20–20) at 2 g l-1 twice. When plant shoots reached a length of 30-35 cm, bio-control agents, individually and their mixture, were applied to the plants by a hand-sprayer. Obtaining the data, 108 CFU ml-1 of Bacillus spp. suspension mixture showed strongest in vitro antibacterial effect (26mm) among the tested treatments after positive control streptomycin (28.6mm). Parallel to in vitro findings, the mixture was most effective against the pathogen on cv. Gala (66.03%). Findings show that the use of mixture of beneficial microorganisms with individual antagonistic properties against the pathogen can be an effective strategy as a natural alternative to agrochemicals in the scope of good agriculture practices.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Rekreasyon/Sportif Olta Balıkçılığı; Ankara İli Örneği 全文
2021
Şennan Yücel | Anıl Yördem
Rekreasyon/Sportif Olta Balıkçılığı; Ankara İli Örneği 全文
2021
Şennan Yücel | Anıl Yördem
XIX. yüzyıldan itibaren endüstrileşme ve teknolojide yaşanan ilerlemeler ile iş imkânlarının şehir merkezlerinde yoğunlaşması, köyden şehre göçü hızlandırmıştır. Göç alan illerin başında Ankara; başkent olması nedeni ile ilk sıralarda yer almaktadır. Şehirlerde artan nüfus rekreasyon alanlarına rağbeti artmıştır. Özellikle göl, gölet, baraj ve akarsu kıyılarında rekreasyon olta balıkçılığı yapanlar hızla artmaktadır. Maddi ve ticari kazanç beklemeden, sadece spor veya dinlence amacıyla yapılan, avlanılan ürünün satılmadığı olta balıkçılığı, en önemli rekreasyon etkinliklerindendir. Bu çalışmada Ankara ilindeki amatör balıkçıların sosyo-ekonomik durumları araştırılmıştır. Amatör balıkçıların avlanma mevsimleri, avlanma saatleri ve süreleri, avlarının kendilerine yeterliliği, avlandıkları stokların sürekliliği ve avlanmada göreceli av miktarının durumu tespit edilmiştir. Yakaladıkların balıkların sağlık açısında güvenilirliği, avlanma kuralları hakkında görüş ve düşünceleri, amatör olta balıkçılığı belgesine sahiplik durumu, yasa ve yönetmelikleri denetleyen bir kurumlardan haberdar olup olmadıkları araştırılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarının, rekreasyon olta balıkçılığına gönül vermiş balıkçılara ışık tutması amaçlanmıştır. Ayrıca bilinç düzeyinin yükseltilerek sürdürülebilir ve sürekli balıkçılığın sağlanmasına katkıda bulunacak bilinç düzeyi yüksek amatör balıkçıların sayısının artırılmasına katkı sağlanması da hedeflenmiştir.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Rooting Platanus (Platanus acerifolia (Aiton) Willd.) cuttings in Marechal Cândido Rondon - PR, Brazil: Influence of lesions at cutting bases and depth of planting | Enraizamiento de esquejes de platanus (Platanus acerifolia (Aiton) Willd.) en Marechal Cândido Rondon - PR, Brasil: Influencia de lesiones en bases de corte y profundidad de siembra | Enraizamento de estacas de platanus (Platanus acerifolia (Aiton) Willd.) no Marechal Cândido Rondon – PR: influência da lesão na base da estaca e da profundidade de plantio 全文
2018
Rosa, Danimar Dalla | Tres, Gessika | Rissato, Bruna Broti | Lorenzetti, Eloisa | Guimarães, Vandeir Francisco | Feiden, Armin
Platanus, an arboreal and deciduous plant, is widely adapted and can be used for several purposes. Despite producing viable seeds, production of platanus seedlings usually occurs through vegetative propagation; cuttings are the best and most efficient source for obtaining seedlings. Although cuttings offer a practical and easy method to obtain seedlings in different vegetable species, they are influenced by several factors, both external and internal. The present study aimed to analyze the behavior of plantain cuttings planted in sand subjected to damage or no damage at the cuttings base, and planted at depths of 20 and 40 cm. Experiment was carried out at the experimental station of horticulture and protected cultivation of UNIOESTE-Brazil, in a randomized 2×2 factorial design, which comprises both, planted at 20 cm and 40 cm depths, with 5 replicates and 5 cuttings per replicate. After 170 days of incubation, injured and non- injured cuttings, were evaluated for rooting percentage and cuttings sprouted, length of roots and medium length of stems, stem diameter, number of leaves per stem, and dry mass of roots and shoots. No significant differences were observed in cutting injury. All variables analyzed presented higher values when cuttings were planted at 20 cm depth. Results indicate that planting of platanus cuttings at 20 cm depth leads to better rooting rates and vegetative development. | Platanus, una planta arbórea y caducifolia, está ampliamente adaptada y puede usarse para varios propósitos. A pesar de producir semillas viables, la producción de plántulas de platanus generalmente ocurre por propagación vegetativa; los esquejes son la mejor y más eficiente fuente para obtener plántulas. Aunque los esquejes ofrecen un método práctico y fácil de obtener plántulas en diferentes especies vegetales, están influenciados por varios factores, tanto externos como internos. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar el comportamiento de esquejes de platanus plantados en arena sometidos a daño o sin daños en la base de los esquejes, y sembrados a profundidades de 20 y 40 cm. El experimento se llevó a cabo en la estación experimental de horticultura y cultivo protegido de UNIOESTE-Brasil, en un diseño factorial aleatorizado 2 × 2, que comprende ambos, plantados a 20 cm y 40 cm de profundidad, con 5 repeticiones y 5 esquejes por repetición. Después de 170 días de incubación, los esquejes lesionados y no lesionados fueron evaluados por porcentaje de enraizamiento y esquejes brotados, longitud de raíces y longitud media de tallos, diámetro del tallo, número de hojas por tallo y masa seca de raíces y brotes. No se observaron diferencias significativas en la lesión por corte. Todas las variables analizadas presentaron valores más altos cuando los esquejes se plantaron a 20 cm de profundidad. Los resultados indican que la plantación de esquejes de platanus a 20 cm de profundidad conduce a mejores tasas de enraizamiento y desarrollo vegetativo. | O platanus, planta arbórea e caducifólia, possui ampla adaptabilidade, podendo ser utilizada para diversas finalidades. Apesar de produzir sementes viáveis, a produção de mudas geralmente se dá através da propagação vegetativa, sendo a estaquia o melhor e mais eficiente método para obtenção de mudas da espécie. A estaquia, apesar de ser um método prático e fácil para obtenção de mudas de diferentes espécies vegetais, sofre influencia de inúmeros fatores, tanto externos quanto internos ao vegetal. Com isso, o presente trabalho buscou analisar o comportamento de estacas de plátano plantadas em leito de areia, submetidas a lesão da base da estaca ou não e profundidades de plantio de 20 e 40 cm. Para isso, montou-se um experimento na Estação Experimental de Horticultura e Cultivo Protegido da UNIOESTE, em delineamento de blocos inteiramente casualizado e esquema fatorial 2x2, constituído de estacas lesionadas e não lesionadas, estaqueadas a 20cm e 40cm de profundidade, contendo 5 repetições com 5 estacas por repetição. Passados 170 dias do plantio, avaliou-se o percentual de estacas enraizadas e brotadas; comprimento da maior raiz e comprimento médio de haste; diâmetro de haste; número de folhas por haste e massa seca de raiz e de parte aérea. Quanto à lesão nas estacas, não observou-se diferenças significativas. No entanto, para as profundidades de plantio, todas as variáveis analisadas apresentaram maiores valores quando as estacas foram plantadas a 20 cm de profundidade, concluindo-se, assim, que tal profundidade de plantio proporciona melhores índices de enraizamento e desenvolvimento vegetativo para as estacas de plátano.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Rooting Platanus (Platanus acerifolia (Aiton) Willd.) cuttings in Marechal Cândido Rondon - PR, Brazil: Influence of lesions at cutting bases and depth of planting 全文
2018
Rosa, Danimar Dalla | Tres, Gessika | Broti-Rissato, Bruna | Lorenzetti, Eloisa | Guimarães, Vandeir Francisco | Feiden, Armin
Resumo O plátano, planta arbórea e caducifólia, possui ampla adaptabilidade, podendo ser utilizada para diversas finalidades. Apesar de produzir sementes viáveis, a produção de mudas geralmente se dá através da propagação vegetativa, sendo a estaquia o melhor e mais eficiente método para obtenção de mudas da espécie. A estaquia, apesar de ser um método prático e fácil para obtenção de mudas de diferentes espécies vegetais, sofre influencia de inúmeros fatores, tanto externos quanto internos ao vegetal. Com isso, o presente trabalho buscou analisar o comportamento de estacas de plátano plantadas em leito de areia, submetidas a lesão da base da estaca ou não e profundidades de plantio de 20 e 40 cm. Para isso, montou-se um experimento na Estação Experimental de Horticultura e Cultivo Protegido da UNIOESTE, em delineamento de blocos inteiramente casualizado e esquema fatorial 2x2, constituído de estacas lesionadas e não lesionadas, estaqueadas a 20cm e 40cm de profundidade, contendo 5 repetições com 5 estacas por repetição. Passados 170 dias do plantio, avaliou-se o percentual de estacas enraizadas e brotadas; comprimento da maior raiz e comprimento médio de haste; diâmetro de haste; número de folhas por haste e massa seca de raiz e de parte aérea. Quanto à lesão nas estacas, não observou-se diferenças significativas. No entanto, para as profundidades de plantio, todas as variáveis analisadas apresentaram maiores valores quando as estacas foram plantadas a 20 cm de profundidade, concluindo-se, assim, que tal profundidade de plantio proporciona melhores índices de enraizamento e desenvolvimento vegetativo para as estacas de plátano. | Abstract Platanus, an arboreal and deciduous plant, is widely adapted and can be used for several purposes. Despite producing viable seeds, production of platanus seedlings usually occurs through vegetative propagation; cuttings are the best and most efficient source for obtaining seedlings. Although cuttings offer a practical and easy method to obtain seedlings in different vegetable species, they are influenced by several factors, both external and internal. The present study aimed to analyze the behavior of plantain cuttings planted in sand subjected to damage or no damage at the cuttings base, and planted at depths of 20 and 40 cm. Experiment was carried out at the experimental station of horticulture and protected cultivation of UNIOESTE-Brazil, in a randomized 2X2 factorial design, which comprises both, planted at 20 cm and 40 cm depths, with 5 replicates and 5 cuttings per replicate. After 170 days of incubation, injured and non- injured cuttings, were evaluated for rooting percentage and cuttings sprouted, length of roots and medium length of stems, stem diameter, number of leaves per stem, and dry mass of roots and shoots. No significant differences were observed in cutting injury. All variables analyzed presented higher values when cuttings were planted at 20 cm depth. Results indicate that planting of platanus cuttings at 20 cm depth leads to better rooting rates and vegetative development.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Determination of the Optimum Fattening Period and Fattening Performance Slaughter and Carcass Characteristics of Hair Goat and Saanen × Hair Goat (G1) Crossbred Kids Fattened in Different Systems 全文
2021
Hacer Tüfekci | Mustafa Olfaz
This research was carried out to investigate the fattening performance and slaughter and carcass characteristics of Hair goat and Saanen × Hair goat (G1) crossbred kids in different fattening systems. Thirty Hair goats and 30 Saanen × Hair goat (G1) crossbred singleton male kids 2.5-3 months old and weaned were used. The kids were fattened in three different systems: intensive, semi-intensive, and extensive. Marginal value analysis was applied to determine the optimum feeding periods of the kids. In order to determine the slaughter and carcass characteristics, all the kids fattened were taken to slaughter after determining their live weight at the end of the fattening. Live weight gains after the intensive, semi-intensive, and extensive fattening were 17.83 kg, 19.39 kg, and 18.29 kg in the Hair goat kids and 17.88 kg, 18.24 kg, and 17.32 kg in the Saanen × Hair goat (G1) crossbred kids, respectively. In the same order, the average concentrate feed consumed by kids for 1 kg live weight gain was 7.55 kg, 7.28 kg, 7.00 kg and 7.07 kg. Hot carcass weights after the intensive, semi-intensive, and extensive fattening were 13.58, 14.06, and 13.02 kg in the Hair goat kids and 14.21, 15.03, and 14.06 kg in the Saanen × Hair goat (G1) crossbred kids. The Saanen × Hair goat (G1) crossbred goats increased more in live weight than the Hair goat kids and the semi-intensive fattened goats increased more in live weight than the intensive and extensive fed goats. Moreover, the optimum fattening times generally varied between the groups, but not between genotypes within the group.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Tarım Arazilerinin Değeri Üzerine Etki Eden Faktörlerin Analizi: Ankara İli Evren İlçesi Örneği 全文
2021
Zeki Bayramoğlu | Şenol Özdemir
Bu çalışmada, tarım arazilerinin değerine etki eden faktörlerin belirlenmesi ve bu faktörlerin değer üzerindeki etki oranlarının tespit edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu kapsamda, Ankara ili Evren ilçesinde gayeli örnekleme yöntemi ile belirlenen 104 adet işletme ile anket çalışması yapılmış ve tarım arazilerinin değerine etki eden faktörlerle ilgili görüşleri alınmıştır. Elde edilen verilerin analizinde AHP yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucuna göre arazi değerini etkileyen faktörler, arazi verimliliği %19,63, arazi genişliği %9,60, arazi şekli %4,47, arazi eğimi %3,63, arazinin yola uzaklığı %2,57, arazinin yerleşim yerine uzaklığı %2,84, arazinin sulama olanakları %30,38, arazi satışının hareketli olması %3,31, arazinin kadastro görmüş olması %2,70, arazinin yola cepheli olması %2,80 ve arazinin toprak yapısı %18,06 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Bu doğrultuda, tarım arazilerinin üretim kabiliyetlerine yönelik faktörlerin değer üzerinde daha etkili olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Comparison of Fatty Acid Composition and Antioxidant Contents of Tribulus Terrestris L. Collected from Different Localities 全文
2021
Nazan Çömlekçioğlu | Rıdvan Çırak
For a long time, many cultures around the world have used Tribulus terrestris L. in the prevention and treatment of various diseases. In this study, the antioxidant activity and total phenolic and flavonoid content of extracts obtained with various solvents from T. terrestris plant collected from different localities in Kahramanmaraş were investigated. In addition, the fixed oil content of the extracts was examined by GC-MS analysis and as a result, 26 different fatty acids were determined. The main fatty acid components of plant extracts are linoleic acid, oleic acid and palmitic acid. The total phenolic substance value of plant extracts varies between 2.20-18-77 mg g-1, total flavonoid amount varies between 0.06-0.50 mg g-1, FRAP value varies between 6.16-23.50 µg g-1 and DPPH value varies between 1.54-10.54 µg mL-1. It was observed that the solvents used in extraction affected the bioactivity values rather than the locations. Although the absorbance values of the extracts obtained with hexane were high, low extract yield affected the results. The highest values in all characters examined were obtained from ethanolic extracts.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]The Change of Catalase Enzyme Activity in Soils by The Land Use 全文
2021
İnci Sevinç Kravkaz Kuşçu | Mustafa Ömer Karaöz
Analysing the factors driving the population size and activities of soil microorganisms is important for understanding the soil ecosystem’s structure and functioning. For this purpose, the soil enzymes are used as an indicator of soil microbial activity and soil fertility. Although there are many studies on the distribution and activities of various soil enzymes in soils under monoculture or crop alternation conditions, there are only few studies examining the ecological relationship in natural ecosystems, especially by using enzymes. In this study, it was aimed to determine the effect of different land uses on the catalase enzyme activity in soil. For this purpose, the catalase enzyme activities in soil samples taken from 0-5cm and 5-10cm depths in agricultural, forest, and pasture lands in north and south exposures were determined and the effects of different land use, exposure, and soil depth conditions on the enzyme activities were investigated. At the end of the study, it was determined that the catalase enzyme activity significantly differed by the land use and the highest level of catalase enzyme activity in both south and north exposures and at both depth levels was found in forest soils, whereas the lowest level of activity was found in agricultural lands in north exposure and pasture soils in south exposure.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]In Praise of the Phytogenic Medicinal Plant Syzygium Aromaticum: A Review 全文
2021
Sonali Bhakta | Shonkor Kumar Das
Syzygium aromaticum commonly known as Clove is considered to be the most precious spice among others, which has been continued to be utilized for centuries for different biological and therapeutic purposes. It is a tropical tree which belongs to the Myrtaceae family and natively originated from Indonesia. However, in current times it is found in a few other places of the world including Brazil. Clove is viewed as perhaps the most extravagant source of phenolic mixes, for example, eugenol, eugenol acetic acid derivatives and so on. These mixtures have incredible potential for restorative, organic and other rural applications. In this review we have tried to figure out some of the important medicinal or therapeutic as well as phytobiotic and agricultural utilizations of the products prepared from Clove. We have tried to give an extra emphasis on the application of clove as a product of herbal contraception however for this purpose dose of the extract (either aqueous or ethanolic) of clove plays the vital role in this case. Although for establishing or making clove products commercially available as a safe product for herbal contraception or other medicinal impacts, more studies are required, and it could open a new era in the field of herbal medicine that would be much safer and feasible.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Changes in Serum Mineral Composition During Poxvirus Infection in Sheep and Their Lambs 全文
2021
Başaran Karademir
Minerals have crucial roles in terms of vital function in the organism including hormones, enzymes, cell formation etc. Oxidative stress and related hormones, regarding infectious diseases, affect all functions of body including mineral taking, metabolism and excretion. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the pox disease on blood minerals composition of sheep and lambs. This study was conducted on 20 healthy sheep, 20 poxvirus infected sheep and their lambs (Totally 80 subjects). One-shot blood samples from sheep and lambs were collected and serums were separated immediately. Serum mineral levels were analysed in the atomic absorption spectrophotometer. In general, the level of Cu in infected animals was higher than in healthy ones. Zn, Fe, Mg and Na levels of healthy animals were found higher than infected subjects. The difference between healthy and infected animal groups for serum Ca and K levels was not significant. Positive correlations were found between serum Zn, Fe, Mg and Na levels. However, a negative correlation was found between Cu-Zn and Cu-Fe pairs. Consequently, Cu, Zn, Fe, Mg and Na levels in serum, which are vital for animal organisms, showed significant changes in sheep and their lambs during poxvirus infection. To rapid healing or prevention of the diseases, mineral disorders must be corrected urgently.
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