Macrofungi have long been used as food and medicinal purposes by humankind. This study aimed to identify a macrofungus sample collected from Niğde, Türkiye in 2019 via molecular techniques and determine the content of total phenolic compounds, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. According to data obtained from the sequence analysis of ITS fragment of rDNA the macrofungus sample was identified as Bjerkandera adusta (Willd.) P. Karst (1880). The sample was extracted with ethanol and methanol. Total phenolic compound content, antioxidant activity via DPPH scavenging method and antimicrobial activity via disc diffusion method of B. adusta was determined by using these extracts. The amount of total phenolic compounds was found as 772.28 µg GAE/mL for a methanolic extract of B. adusta. The ethanol extract of B. adusta showed 79.66% scavenging activity of 0.1 mM DPPH solution. The highest inhibition zone diameter was measured as 28±1 mm against P. aeruginosa by ethanolic extract, while the lowest antimicrobial activity was found in 15 µL methanol extract against S. typhimurium with an inhibition zone diameter of 8.7±1.2 mm.

Arabidopsis thaliana has eight genes encoding members of the type P1B heavy metal–transporting ATPase, subfamily of the P-type ATPases. We focused our study on four ATPases, mainly HMA1, HMA2, HMA3, and HMA4, which are closely related and most similar in their sequences. We carried out the bioinformatics analysis of these metal ATPases and obtained their structure in A. thaliana, A. halleri, and the other heavy metal accumulators in Brassica spp. A. thaliana is a model plant for research because of the duplications and other evolutionary events. These evolutionary events provided a chance to elucidate their regulation and function in the cell. All previous bioinformatics analyses have given some information about their structure, but not much work has been done on their structural components and interactome analysis. Experimental determination of 3D structures is essential to understand better these proteins’ function, which is crucial for the proper functioning of all plant cellular processes. Especially, docking sites and domains need to be worked out to understand the role of these transporter proteins and their interaction in plant cells. These bioinformatic analyses will help the researcher understand these ATPases’ role in detoxifying the toxic metals from the cells of accumulator plants. Further research on gene cloning, gene expression, and generating new accumulator plants for phytoremediation is needed to reclamation polluted soils from toxic heavy metals.

In Turkey, three species of mulberries, white (M. Alba), black (M. Nigra), and red-purple (M. Rubra) are grown commonly. These widely can be consumed fresh as well as dry. However, its rapid post-harvest decay raises major concerns about the sustainability of the fruit for both food and economic purposes. In this regard, besides the fresh consumption of black mulberry fruit, it can consume as dried it also offers an alternative way. In this study, it was aimed to compare some quality parameters in fresh and dry samples of Morus rubra fruits grown in Tokat. It was applied different temperatures to Morus rubra fruits that at collected in two different maturity levels (semi-ripe and full-ripe). In the drying process, mulberry fruits were dried in a hot air dryer at 40, 50, 60, and 70°C. Total phenol, Total phenol, total monomeric anthocyanin, total antioxidant capacity, colour values (L, a, b) chroma, hue (ho), and browning indices values will be measured in fresh and dried products. In addition, different mathematical models will be tried by constantly noting the weight drops of the products at certain time intervals and determining which mathematical model will best predict the drying kinetics

Six different temperate zone species of Cyprinidae family members, which are adapted to different harsh environmental conditions, were analyzed versus cold-acclimated Salmonid. Hemoglobin diversity in the studied species was investigated with a modified form of isoelectric pH: 3.5-10 ampholite system. 6 isohemoglobin bands were observed for cold-acclimated Oncorhynchus mykiss 8 isohemoglobin were observed for Chalcalburnus tarichi 9 for Cyprinion macrostomus and Sarkisla (Sivas) Cyprinus carpio, 11 Garra rufa and finally 12 for Todurge (Sivas) Cyprinus carpio. Cathodic/anodic ratios were found equal to 1for control and the fish adapted to available conditions. However, these ratios were found below 1 when environmental conditions were changed for fish, which are adapted to these poorly oxygenated conditions. Different environmentally adapted fish species are representing various isohemoglobins bands pattern. The species used as a control group in this study shown the lower isohemoglobin bands form. On the other hand, different forms of temperate climate Cyprinidae family member are produced isohemoglobins bands pattern, and the number of these band were higher than control group, depending on different adaptation conditions. The majority of these protein bands were anadic and it can be said that fish are producing anodic hemoglobin protein, when environmental conditions was changed to poorly oxygenated milieu.

In this study, the potential of sunflower protein hydrolysates to inhibit angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) enzyme was determined. Sunflower protein isolate was hydrolyzed with Alcalase and Trypsin+Chymotrypsin enzymes and the obtained protein hydrolysates were fractionated by ultrafiltration (5 kDa). The degrees of hydrolysis achieved by Alcalase and Trypsin+Chymotrypsin enzymes were 27% and 13%, respectively. The most potent ACE inhibitory activity (IC50=0.06 ± 0.01 mg/mL) was observed for the fraction that has molecular weight below 5 kDa, which was hydrolyzed by Trypsin+Chymotrypsin enzyme (P

In the study, it is designed to be useful and appropriate to benefit from the purchased items in the Central District of Tokat. Proportional sampling method is interviewed with 384 views. By applying the chi-square test to the data set, correlation with the highway was made. Statistically, it's pretty affordable in price, from products purchased from education, age-related sales, to unfavorable prices. What was reached in the study; discounts, vegetation, and what may be of importance to decision makers.

Colostrum quality produced by dairy cows varies considerably. The amount of immune protein content in colostrum has also high specific gravity. In this study, the specific gravity of colostrum (SGC) produced by 32 Holstein-Friesian cows with different parities in the first five milking after calving, and additionally, the fat content (FC), non-fat dry matter content (NFDMC) and somatic cell count (SCC) in the milk samples taken in the first five milking and on the fifth and 10th day milking of lactation were determined. The effects of parity and milking order on SGC, FC, NFDMC and Log10SCC were detected to be statistically significant. Parity x milking order interaction effect was found to be significant for SGC, FC and NFDMC, but its effect on Log10SCC was insignificant. Cows with three and upper parities had higher SGC, FC, NFDMC, and Log10SCC than cows in the first and second parities. While SGC (1055.09±1.20 mg/mL), FC (6.36±0.12%) and NFDMC (18.17±0.37%) obtained at the first milking decreased gradually in advancing milking, Log10SCC (5.90±0.028) level increased. The correlation coefficients of SGC with FC, NFDMC, and Log10SCC were low-medium, the coefficients between FC and NFDMC were moderately too high in the first three milking, and decreased and approached zero in advancing milking. It was observed that SGC remained high even in the fourth milking in some cows, especially in the third and higher parities. In conclusion, it has been revealed that not only colostrum obtained from the first milking, but also quality colostrum produced in subsequent milking can be used in calf feeding in dairy cattle farms. However, all this depends on the adoption of the strategy of determining the quality of colostrum with the help of a colostrometer in dairy cattle farms.

Climate impact mitigation through improved agricultural practices is one means by which agricultural productivity increases to meet the growing food demands in the world. This study evaluated the impacts of climate-smart Practices on rural households’ nutrition security. The study used both primary and secondary data sources. Primary data was collected from sample respondents in the 2020/21 production year. Descriptive statistics and econometric models were employed for data analysis. Multinomial logit result indicated that the probability of adopting climate-smart agricultural practices is influenced by the education level of the head, extension contact, livestock holding, membership coop, market information, advice on land management, climate change information, farmers training, climate change perception, and weather road distance. The result from GPS estimation indicated that treatment level two the number of climate-smart practices increases household nutritional status by16%. Likewise, treatment level three and four of the number of climate-smart practices increases the household level nutritional status by 37% and 76% respectively over that of treatment level one of the climate-smart practices and is significant at a 1% statistical probability level. This study has found evidence that the adoption of climate-smart on the households’ nutrition security status. Therefore, the result of this study would be expected to significantly contribute as policy and strategic inputs for policymakers in designing rural livelihood improvement policies and to the beneficiary in enhancing their welfare and living standard.

Ageratum conyzoides is a widely spread weed, especially in the tropical and subtropical regions. It has been reported to be used as folk medicine in different countries for treating burns, wounds, skin disorders, headaches, fever, pneumonia, gynecological diseases, leprosy, snakebites, rheumatism, inflammations, stomach ailments like parasites, colic, diarrhea, dysentery, used as a painkiller during childbirth, and many more. It has been reported to contain active secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, tannins, phenols, saponins, coumarins, essential oils, and flavonoids, which support its medicinal uses in disease treatment and prevention. It can be a potential source of drugs for various diseases. In fact, pharmaceutical companies are being run in Brazil using A. conyzoides as raw material with recommendations from the Brazilian Drug Centre. It is also used for agricultural purposes as manure, insecticide, pesticide, herbicide, nematicide, fodder, etc. In China, it is widely intercropped in the citrus orchard to control pests and weeds. The review attempts to bring together medicinal and agricultural usage of Ageratum conyzoides with scientific evidence to demonstrate its efficacy. This weed has a negative influence in agriculture and the ecosystem but after studying about its potential medical and agricultural uses, we now have a different viewpoint on this weed, and we believe that further harnessing it for such positive uses might be a management strategy for this weed.

The present study, it was aimed to determine the effect of antioxidants added to culture media on blastocyst development rates in in vitro embryo production. The material of the study consisted of oocytes collected from the ovaries taken from the slaughterhouse. Cumulus oocyte complexes (COC) were collected and classified under a stereomicroscope. Oocytes included in the study were subjected to maturation and fertilization stages. Probable zygotes were transferred to the culture (IVC) containing antioxidants (L-ergothionine 100 μM (n: 163), Vitamin E 100 μM (n: 151) Cysteamine 50 μM (n: 154) and were cultured in a tri gas incubator (Hera Cell- 6% O2%, 6%CO2, 88%N). Blastocyst rates and embryo quality were determined on the 6th and 7th days in culture medium. Differences in IVMFC stages were evaluated by chi-square test. 966 oocytes were collected from 162 ovaries collected from the slaughterhouse. It was determined that the number of oocytes per ovary was 5,96, and the number of A and B quality oocytes was 4.26. It was determined that 655 (94.93%) of a total of 690 oocytes undergoing in vitro maturation were mature. The cleavage rates of the groups were 83.44%; 80.79%; 79.87%, and 83.96%, respectively. 140 (21.37%) blastocysts were obtained from 655 oocytes taken into the culture stage and the blastocyst rates in the groups were 33.13%; 8.61%; 7.79%, and 32.62%, respectively. As a result of the study, it was determined that the rates of blastocysts in the L-ergothioneine added the group was similar to the control group, but the blastocyst rates decreased significantly in the cysteamine and Vitamin E added groups. It was thought that this decrease might have been affected by the dose of antioxidants or the adequacy of oocyte development