Natural products have gained great interest due to their broad spectrum of biological activities and bioactive compounds. In this study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using Astragalus logopodioides L. by green approach. The structure of AgNPs was elucidated by spectroscopic techniques. UV-Vis spectrum presented the maximum absorption of AgNPs as 419 nm. The crystal structure of AgNPs was assigned as face centered cubic by X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) established morphology of AgNPs with an average size of 36.4 nm. A. logopodioides included the bioactive compounds, So, AgNPs capped by these compounds could be valuable substances for food and pharmaceutical applications.

The aim of this study is to determine the purpose of social media usage of farmers in Selçuklu district of Konya province. The sample volume was determined as 80 according to the stratified random sampling method, with a 95% confidence interval and with a 5% margin of error. Factor analysis was conducted to determine the farmers’ social media usage purposes. Factor analysis was conducted on 19 independent variables and 3 independent variables were identified to determine the reasons for using social media. These variables are called professional development, socialization, and communication. The relationship between professional development, socialization, and communication variables and social media platforms was determined by linear regression analysis. For platforms used for socialization purposes, it was found that Facebook was statistically significant at 1% and Instagram was 5%. According to the regression analysis, platforms used for vocational development purposes, it was found that WhatsApp was statistically significant at 1% and YouTube was 5%. In social media, training, extension, projects, and promotions should be more widely supported in order to support the professional training of enterprises. In addition, pieces of training should be provided for enterprises to use social media platforms more effectively.

In this study, the effect of foliar L-Histidine and Methinonin amino acid applications on grain cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) uptake on durum wheat grown in soil contaminated with Cd was investigated. The research was carried out according to the randomized blocks design as a pot experiment in greenhouse conditions. In the experiment, Cd doses were applied as control (0 mg Cd kg-1) and (3 mg Cd kg-1). L-Histidine and Methionine amino acids were applied 7 times from the leaf after the start of flag leaf formation in wheat at 0.5 mM doses and harvested after the grain maturity was completed. According to the results obtained, the wheat grain dry matter yield in 3 mg Cd kg-1 polluted soil was 44.5 mg grain-1 in the control, while the dry matter weight was increased with the application of L-Histidine and Methionine from the leaves being 48 and 50 mg grain-1, respectively. It was determined that there were differences in grain Cd and Zn concentrations with the application of amino acids from the leaves at the dose of 3 mg kg-1 cadmium. When the grain Cd and Zn intakes were compared with the control, it was found that the grain Cd concentration decreased, and the Zn concentration increased as a result of the application of amino acids. The high amount of Cd in wheat can make it to the human body through the food chain and is known to cause serious health problems after a certain amount of accumulation. As a result of this study, it is seen that L-Histidine and Methionine are effective in reducing Cd in the grain, and these amino acids probably form a complex with Cd, resulting in less transport.

High concentrations of chromium in the soil have a toxic effect on the living organisms in the soil ecosystem. If chromium, which is not an absolute essential element, accumulates in plants, it causes structural changes, causing a decrease in plant growth and also high toxicity due to its accumulation in biomass. Use of plants to remove chromium (Cr) from contaminated soils, it is an environmentally efficient, cost-effective, modern, applicable technique. The different species of plant and ornamental plants are used in this technique. In this study, the Kordes shrub rose used in landscaping in our province, Cr phytoremediation capacity was evaluated by growing at contaminated soil with Cr. In the study, the different doses of Cr (0, 50, 100, 500, 1000 mg kg-1) have been applied in Cr+3 and Cr+6 forms. In addition, two doses (0% and 3%) of leonardite were added to the pots to determine the effect on the developmental status of the plants and Cr uptake. In the study, plant height, number of branches, number of flowers, flower diameter, stem diameter, flower yield values and total wet and dry weight values at the end of the experiment were determined. At the end of the experiment, it was observed that generally developmental status of the plants was adversely affected at high Cr doses. Especially at 500 and 1000 mg kg-1 application doses was observed that the plants could not withstand Cr toxicity in a short time. It has been observed that plants treated with leonardite were healthier than those without. According to the data obtained at the end of the study, it was determined that the resistance of plant to high doses of Cr was low, but it showed better growth at 50 and 100 mg kg-1 doses.

Medicinal plants gain a great interest in the drug development process due to their bioactive compounds content. Syringa vulgaris has been used as traditional medicine and it has considerable biological effects. In this study, essential oil (EO) was generated from Syringa vulgaris flowers by hydrodistillation and the chemical constituents were identified by GC/MS/MS analysis. The GC/MS/MS analysis revealed the presence of 57 compounds, and linalool (26.34%), α-terpineol (10.84%), trans geraniol (9.83%), α-bisabolol (4.50%), cis-nerol acetate (5.28%), lavandulyl acetate (4.32%) were found as major products.

In this study, the quality criteria and sensory properties of olive oil samples of Saurani, Karamani and Halhali olive varieties collected in 3 different harvest times from Hatay province were investigated depending on the variety and harvest time. For this purpose, in olives; oil yield and ripening index, in the obtained olive oils; free fatty acids, peroxide number, UV specific absorbance and sensory properties were determined. The oil content of olives ranges between 23.77-34.77% and the highest oil yield was determined in the olive variety, Karamani (3rd maturity). In olive oils, free fatty acids were found in the range of 0.33-1.02% (oleic acid), K232 values ranging between 0.33-0.88, K270 values ranging between 0.004-0.177 and peroxide numbers between 2.47-8.40 meq O2/kg. The total phenolic content values of olive oils vary between 156.78-584.25 mg GAE/kg, and the highest phenolic content was determined during the first harvest of the Halhali variety. It was determined that the amount of phenolic content of the cultivars decreased with maturity. In the sensory analysis of olive oil samples, fruitiness was determined as greater than 0 by all panelists. The median of fruitiness in olive oil samples ranged from 3.62 to 5.88, and the median of fruitiness decreased with maturity in all varieties. The median of bitterness ranged from 2.62-5.23 and decreased with maturity. The pungency median varied in the range of 3.12-5.34, and pungency was reduced with maturity. The median of fruitiness, bitterness and pungency of Halhali olive oil was determined the highest.

The objective of this study was to find out the effects of torque rise on lugging ability of tractors. In British terminology, torque rise refers to torque back-up or torque reserve. Torque rise is the amount of torque that the engine can produce above the manufacturers rated amount of torque. It is the percent increase in torque, from rated torque to peak torque. In order to meet the above objective, two tractor reports issued by Nebraska Tractor Test Laboratory were used. Powertrain schemas obtained from three different tractor manufacturers were used and the total transmission ratios from these schemas were calculated. The effect of torque rise on lugging ability of the two tractors with four different gear boxes was studied. From the study, it was concluded that higher torque rise enables the tractor to run in a wide range of torque and the gear box to be chosen should be such that it can match with the engine.

Phloxine is used as a food dye. In this study, genotoxicity of phloxine at the root tip of Allium cepa L. was investigated. A. cepa L. meristematic root tip cells were treated with ten different doses of phloxine. In this way, the EC50 value was determined. Then, phloxine was applied to root tips at EC50/2, EC50 and EC50×2 doses. Treatment time was determined as 24, 48 and 72 hours. As a result, it was revealed that phloxine caused chromosomal aberrations in cells in mitotic cycle at the root tip of A. cepa. There are equatorial plate shifting in metaphase, laggard chromosome, disturbed spindle, chromosome stickiness, C-mitosis, polar shifting among the observed chromosomal aberrations. It was stated that the % chromosomal aberration index (CAI) increased depending on concentration increase. It has been demonstrated that the highest % chromosomal aberration index occurred at the EC50×2 dose for 72 hours. According to the research, it was revealed that phloxine has a genotoxic effect on the root cells of A. cepa. For this reason, it can be emphasized that care should be taken in its use in foods.

Tea is a popular beverage with potential health benefits for those who consume it regularly. Tea products with health claims require scientific evidence based on clinical trials with generally accepted scientific data and newly developed scientific data. Tea products have been labelled FOSHU in Japan, claiming to reduce body fat and cardiovascular risk. In The USA, health claims on tea cannot be recommended and categorized as Qualified Health Claims. In Europe, health claims for tea still required further research to provide accepted scientific data. This review aims to explain the position of tea products based on the perspective of the regulatory framework of food health claims in the different official agencies in the United States, Europe, and Japan.

Bu çalışma, rasyona farklı seviyelerde (%0, 5, 10 ve 20) aspir tohumu küspesi içeren rasyonlara 0 ve 1000 mg/kg seviyesinde enzim ilavesinin yumurtlayan Japon bıldırcınlarında performans, yumurta kalitesi ve serum parametrelerine etkisini belirlemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada 8 haftalık yaşta 160 adet dişi Japon bıldırcını (Coturnix coturnix Japonica) kullanılmıştır. Farklı seviyelerde aspir tohumu küspesi içeren rasyonlara enzim ilavesinin oluşturduğu 8 muamele grubunda her birinde 4 adet Japon bıldırcının bulunduğu bıldırcın kafesinde 5 tekerrürlü olarak 84 gün süreyle yürütülmüştür. Yumurtlayan bıldırcınlarda farklı seviyelerde aspir tohumu küspesi içeren rasyonlara enzim ilavesinin deneme sonu canlı ağırlık, canlı ağırlık değişimi, yumurta verimi ve yem değerlendirme katsayısı üzerine etkisi önemsiz olmuştur. Yem tüketimi rasyona enzim ilavesinden etkilenmez iken, %20 seviyesinde aspir küspesi içeren grupta yem tüketimi %5 seviyesinde aspir küspesi içeren gruptan önemli seviyede yüksek, diğer gruplarla benzer olmuştur. Yumurta ağırlığı ve yumurta kabuk kırılma direnci muamelelerden önemli seviyede etkilenmemiştir. Yumurta kitlesi ve kabuk kalınlığına rasyon aspir küspesi seviyelerinin etkisi önemli olurken, yumurta kabuk oranına enzim ilavesinin etkisi önemli olmuştur. Muamelelerin ak indeksi, sarı indeksi ve Haugh birimine etkisi önemsiz olmuştur. Yumurta sarısı renk özelliklerinde a* ve b* değeri muamelelerden önemli seviyede etkilenmez iken, rasyona enzim ilavesiyle L* değerinde önemli seviyede düşüş görülmüştür. Serum glukoz, kolesterol, AST, ALT, kalsiyum ve fosfor konsantrasyonlarına muamelelerin etkisi önemsiz olmuştur. Deneme sonuçlarına göre yumurtlayan bıldırcın rasyonlarında enzim ilavesine gerek olmadan %20 seviyesinde aspir küspesi kullanılabileceği söylenebilir.