There are very few studies on cabbage at different fertigation levels in the Marmara Region, where this study was conducted. In this respect, our study has a unique quality. This study was carried out in Bursa Uludag University Yenisehir İbrahim Orhan Vocational School application greenhouses in 2014-2015 years. Five different irrigation treatments (T1: 100% (full irrigation), T2: 75%, T3: 50%, T4: 25%, T5: 0% (non-irrigated)) and two different fertigation treatments; F1.0: 100% (100:100:100 NPK) fertigation and F0.5: 50% (50:50:50 NPK) fertigation were combined together to determine the effects on yield and quality parameters of potatoes. The amount of irrigation water in 2014 and 2015 years varied between 0.0-630.0 mm and 0.0-660 mm, respectively, while evapotranspiration values varied between 180.0-670 mm and 190.0-675 mm, respectively. It was determined that irrigation water and fertigation levels, yield and quality parameters of potatoes were affected significantly. In both application years, the highest yield was obtained from T1F1.0 treatment as 45.0 and 47.0 tons’ ha-1 respectively, while the lowest yield was obtained from T5F1.0 treatment as 4.0 and 5.0 tons ha-1, respectively. In 2014 and 2015 years the crop response factor (ky) values of potato were calculated as 1.11-1.11 and 1.21-1.14, respectively. When the full fertigation (F1.0: 100% -100:100:100 NPK) and the insufficient F0.5: 50% - (50:50:50 NPK) fertigation treatments are compared, significant differences have arisen in terms of yield and quality parameters. T2F1.0 and T2F0.5 treatments can be recommended as the most effective irrigation and fertilization levels of potato.

In this study, it is aimed to understand the effects of structural and vegetative elements that can be used in landscape designs on the temperature factor, which will greatly affect the climatic comfort, by using artificial neural networks. In this context, measurements were carried out in the morning (08:00-09:00), noon (13:00-14:00) and evening (17:00-18:00) of a total of 100 days, 50 days in each of the winter and summer seasons, at 7 randomly selected points in the Akdeniz University Campus. In these measurements, the temperature difference values of 11 cover elements on 7 different floor covering types were measured, and the ambient air temperature, humidity and wind values were also determined. The temperature differences between the areas where the flooring elements are exposed to direct sun and the shadow effect of different plant and cover elements were determined using an infrared laser thermometer. These values were processed with Neural Designer software and possible temperature difference prediction values were created for 57.750 different alternatives with the help of artificial neural network model from 837 sets of data. Evaluation shows that the maximum temperature difference is 15.6°C at noon in the summer months in the red tartan flooring material and Callistemon viminalis cover material. While the artificial neural network model predicts that there will be a high 2-3° C temperature difference for the alternatives, it has made predictions for temperature differences between 0-10°C in winter and 0-16°C in summer months. Although the temperature differences that will occur in the noon hours are distributed over a wide range of values, it seems that the morning and evening forecasts are concentrated between 0-7°C values. Also, it has been determined that the wind and humidity in the environment are more important factors than the ambient temperature in terms of temperature differences.

Drying is the process of removing of the water that has destroying effect in food products by evaporation and. Research project on the basis of direct sun drying and solar greenhouse. Basic operations research in food engineering, food chemistry, food quality control and toxicology has been established over such a broad spectrum. Subjects of investigation were in accordance with all of the values of dry matter basis. The study of dry matter and water activity values of each product (aw), direct sun drying, drying in the greenhouse. It was determined comparing nutrients of samples those were applied directly to the greenhouse and drying in the sun. Sampling patterns of research were explained as follow; tomatoes drying in the sun (external environment), and greenhouse, bell peppers in the greenhouse and drying in the sun, soaked raisins (sultanas) and not-soaked (raisin), sun-dried, sun-dried fig products directly. Nutrients of the samples such as; lycopene, thiamine (B1), riboflavin (B2), retinol (A), Pyridoxine (B6), ascorbic acid (C), folic acid, magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), sodium (Na), phosphorus (P), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu) were quantitatively determined. The red pepper products, dried figs and dried grapes mycotoxin amounts were in safe levels, which had not created any hazard and risk for health. Red pepper and dried figs, total aflatoxins, (B1, B2, G1, G2), ochratoxin A (OTA) levels in raisin in the European Union is set well below the limits in terms of human health hazard and the risk factor has been identified.

Tarımın finansmanda kullanılan temel kanallar Tarım Kredi Kooperatifleri, Kamu Bankaları, Özel Bankalar ve Üreticinin çevresidir. Üreticiler finansman kanalları seçmesi; iş tecrübesi, geleneksel davranışlar, eğitim düzeyi, yeniliklere açık olma ve ekonomik gelişmeleri takip etmesine ve tarım sigortası yaptırmalarına bağlı olarak değişmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Bafra’da faaliyet gösteren 153 tarım üreticisiyle yüz yüze görüşmeler yapılmış, mülakat ve açık uçlu sorularla veriler toplanmıştır. Elde edilen veriler sonucunda üreticilerin eğitim, yeniliklere açık olma ve ekonomik gelişmeleri takip etme oranında artışın kamu kurumlarının dışında özel bankalara yönelmesi arasında anlamlı ilişki tespit edilmiştir. Kamu kuruluşları dışında finansman kaynakları kullanılması açısından üreticilerin; sosyal güvence durumu, tarım sigortası kullanma seviyeleri ile arasında anlamlı ilişki tespit edilirken; diğer yandan yaş, geleneksel davranışları ile değerlendirildiğinde ilişki anlamsız çıkmaktadır. Üreticilerin iş tecrübesi arttıkça organize olmayan çevresinden fon sağlama eğilimi artmaktadır. Üreticilerinin hem yeniliklerden haberdar olması ve uygulaması için hem de kendilerine uygun finansmanı yöntemini belirleyecek altyapıya sahip olabilmeleri için etkin iletişim kanalları kurulması gerekmektedir. Etkin iletişimin sağlanabilmesi için özellikle kamu desteklerinin artırılması ile yapılacak yayınlar ve etkinliklerle tarım üreticileri yanlış finansman uygulamalarından arındırılmalı ve mali yapıları korunmalıdır.

Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were examined effects of apricot kernel oil (Prunus armeniaca L.) on the immune mechanisms. After Fish weight 40 ±0,03 g was intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection 1% and 10% apricot kernel oil (AKO), blood was taken from the caudal vein of anesthetized (50 ppm, benzocaine) fish. Myeloperoxidase production (MPO), Serum bactericidal activity, protein levels, Lysozyme response (LYS) and total immunoglobulin (Ig) were determined on days 3, 7, 14 and 21. The same strategy was conducted on a control bunch. No contrasts were found within the levels of immunuglobulin between the control and test groups. However, there were considerable increases in bactericidal activity, MPO, LYS, protein levels and important differences were detected between the control and experimental groups. AKO can be utilized to improve the resistant instruments of rainbow trout.

In this study, it was aimed to investigate the effect of evening primrose oil (EPO) on some biochemical parameters on nephrotoxicity induced by gentamicin (GM) in rats. The rats used in the study were randomly divided into 4 groups each consisting of 8 rats. The control group, EPO group, GM group and GM+ EPO group. The blood samples were taken 24 hours after the 8-day trial and kidneys were removed and saved for histopathological and PGE2 analysis. The serum creatinine, BUN, calcitriol, Ca, Na, Cl, K and P analyzes were performed via autoanalyser. PGE2 analysis was performed in kidney tissue via ELISA. Histopathological examination of the kidney tissues was performed. The levels of creatinine, BUN and Cl were significantly decreased and PGE2 and Ca increased in GM + EPO compared to GM group. The changes in the biochemical parameters examined and the histopathological findings obtained, it can be said that the EPO weakens the nephrotoxic damage caused by GM and has the protective effects on the kidney.

From all the pigments found in Spirulina platensis, phycocyanin has been found to have a diverse application in various fields, and has a high market demand, calling for a need to increase production and easy isolation methods. In general, phycocyanin production in cells depends on the light conditions, among other factors during the cultivation period. The focus of this study was to look at the effect of different light intensities on phycocyanin production in Spirulina platensis. Other cellular biochemical parameters, including chlorophyll content and protein, were explored under the different treatments. An experimental design containing 4 different light intensities of 20, 150, 300 and 600 μmol photons m2/s was administered with 3 replicates. The results obtained from the study showed that high phycocyanin content was obtained from a low light intensity treatment. Chlorophyll results were a bit in contrary to the results obtained for phycocyanin, with high chlorophyll content obtained in high light intensity treatments. Protein and biomass accumulation also followed the same trend, where they were observed to be higher in high light intensities, with the maximum biomass achieved at 600 μmol photons m2/s and maximum protein content achieved at 300 μmol photons m2/s. Due to the commercial potential of phycocyanin to humans, its low cost downstream cultivation and processing of Spirulina platensis will be of economic advantage to the relevant stakeholders to fulfil the rampant demands and affordability of the blue phycocyanin pigment to both first and third World countries, hence the need of producing phycocyanin using the modified Zarouk’s media which has cheaper if not affordable ingredients.

XIX. yüzyıldan itibaren endüstrileşme ve teknolojide yaşanan ilerlemeler ile iş imkânlarının şehir merkezlerinde yoğunlaşması, köyden şehre göçü hızlandırmıştır. Göç alan illerin başında Ankara; başkent olması nedeni ile ilk sıralarda yer almaktadır. Şehirlerde artan nüfus rekreasyon alanlarına rağbeti artmıştır. Özellikle göl, gölet, baraj ve akarsu kıyılarında rekreasyon olta balıkçılığı yapanlar hızla artmaktadır. Maddi ve ticari kazanç beklemeden, sadece spor veya dinlence amacıyla yapılan, avlanılan ürünün satılmadığı olta balıkçılığı, en önemli rekreasyon etkinliklerindendir. Bu çalışmada Ankara ilindeki amatör balıkçıların sosyo-ekonomik durumları araştırılmıştır. Amatör balıkçıların avlanma mevsimleri, avlanma saatleri ve süreleri, avlarının kendilerine yeterliliği, avlandıkları stokların sürekliliği ve avlanmada göreceli av miktarının durumu tespit edilmiştir. Yakaladıkların balıkların sağlık açısında güvenilirliği, avlanma kuralları hakkında görüş ve düşünceleri, amatör olta balıkçılığı belgesine sahiplik durumu, yasa ve yönetmelikleri denetleyen bir kurumlardan haberdar olup olmadıkları araştırılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarının, rekreasyon olta balıkçılığına gönül vermiş balıkçılara ışık tutması amaçlanmıştır. Ayrıca bilinç düzeyinin yükseltilerek sürdürülebilir ve sürekli balıkçılığın sağlanmasına katkıda bulunacak bilinç düzeyi yüksek amatör balıkçıların sayısının artırılmasına katkı sağlanması da hedeflenmiştir.

The roles of protein in bodybuilding and the regulation of biological processes are important in sustaining life. A large amount of protein is required by both humans and animals and this cannot be supplied by only conventional sources. This is because of the rapid increase in world population. The present sources of protein will not meet global protein demand in years to come. Scientists explore the production of single-cell protein (SCP), as an alternative source of protein, through the utilization of wastes and low-value materials. SCP can supply high-quality protein containing both essential and non-essential amino acids that can be utilized by humans and animals. Protein from microbial biomass is cheaper than animal proteins because the substrates used in the production are generally cheaper and more readily available. Moreover, the production process does not require arable land and the entire process can be completed within a short time. This article reviewed the process of SCP production. Different raw materials used in the production and variations in growth media preparation methods were discussed. Various sources of fermentation microorganisms and their potential substrate were reviewed. Growth media enrichment using different carbon, nitrogen, and mineral sources was also discussed.