In breeding for drought tolerance, availability of precise, cheap and easy to apply selection tool is critical. The aim of the present study was to identify potential screening tools that are useful for selection of drought tolerant genotypes in potato and select drought resistant potato genotypes. The study assessed sixty clones arranged in a 10×6 alpha lattice design with two replicates in a managed stress experiment. Two irrigation treatments were applied: fully watered non-stress and terminal drought, where the irrigation water supply to the crop was withheld after 50 % flowering to induce post-flowering stress. Stress indices were calculated based on tuber yield of genotypes in both stressed and non-stressed conditions. Identification of drought tolerant genotypes based on a single index was less informative as different indices identified different genotypes as drought tolerant. Hence, to determine the most desirable drought tolerant clones rank sum of indices, correlation, and bi-plot display of the principal component analysis was employed. The indices modified stress tolerance index based on non-stressed yield, Men productivity, Geometric mean productivity, Stress tolerance index, Harmonic mean, modified stress tolerance index based on stressed yield and Yield index exhibited strong association with both yield under stressed and non-stressed yield. These indices discriminated drought tolerant genotypes with higher tuber yielding potential both under stress and non-stress conditions. Genotypes CIP-398180.612, CIP-397069.5, and CIP-304371.67 were identified as drought tolerant. These genotypes could be potentially grown both under drought prone and potential environments and these selection attributes could help to develop climate resilient potato varieties.

Various biotic, abiotic and socio-economic factors negatively affect the productivity of the crop. Among these, a new disease known as Faba bean galls (Olpidium viciae) has become a serious threat to faba bean production and productivity in highland areas of central and northern Ethiopia. Thus, field experiment was conducted in Lay Gorebela and Mush to assess the efficacies of fungicides for the management of faba bean gall under natural infection. Six fungicides were evaluated alongside control in randomized complete block design in three replications. Fungicides showed different levels of efficiency at both locations in both seasons. In 2014/15, the highest percent severity index and area under disease progress curve were calculated from control plots at both locations. At Lay Gorebela, higher grain yields were recorded from Metalaxyl 8% + Mancozeb 64% WP and Triadimefon 250 g/L sprayed plots whereas plots sprayed with Metalaxyl 8% + Mancozeb 64% WP gave higher yield at Mush. Similar trends in percent severity index and grain yield were observed with control treatment in 2015/16. Percent severity index and area under disease progress curve were negatively correlated with grain yield and positively correlated with each other at both locations and seasons. Partial budget analysis indicated as Triadimefon 250 g/L and Metalaxyl 8% + Mancozeb 64% WP were cost-effective. The chemical treatment could be used as a short-term control strategy, and a component in integrated management of faba bean galls

Because of its high nutritional value and pharmaceutical effects, oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq. ex Fr.) P. Kumm.) is collected from nature and cultivated in large scale. This therapeutic mushroom is consumed as a functional food or food additive in soups, cereal and dairy products, and commercially used in nutraceuticals and dietary supplements. The mycochemicals including polysaccharides (crude fiber and β-glucans), essential amino acids, ergothioneine, peptides, (glyco)proteins, lectins, phenolic compounds, polyketides (lovastatin), (tri)terpenoids, and enzymes are naturally found in the fruiting bodies and mycelial biomass of P. ostreatus. The major bioactive compounds concentration of this mushroom may be increased by modification of the substrate composition and cultivation or postharvest conditions. The goal of this review is to evaluate the results of the studies about the biochemical composition and medicinal properties of edible wild and cultivated P. ostreatus. Furthermore, the advanced novel cultivation techniques, biotechnological processes, and postharvest treatments were given in order to increase its nutritional and nutraceutical values.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different fertilizer doses and drying methods on total phenolic contents and antioxidant activity of organic white tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze) obtained from Hemşin Valley, region of Rize/Turkey. The determination of phenolic constituents was done by the Folin-Ciocalteau method and the determination of antioxidant activity by the FRAP method. The results showed that the phenolic content of white tea was as follows: 443,7- 506,2 µg GAE/g DW in the drying oven, 421,4- 473,6 µg GAE/g DW in shadow and 434,4- 485,2 µg GAE/g DW in the liofilizator. According to the FRAP method the antioxidant activity was as follows: 1130,1-1176,9 mg FeSO4/gr DW in drying oven, 1141,2-1157,1 mg FeSO4/gr DW in shadow and 1005,3-1183,2 mg FeSO4/gr DW in lyophylizator. The results revealed that different fertilizer doses and drying methods had important effects on the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of white tea.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the dough proofing activity of Kluyveromyces lactis (ATCC 8585) in different dough formulations and to compare it with the commercial active dry bakery yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Leaving ability of yeasts was tested in lean and rich dough. For both cultures, lean and rich dough mixtures containing 0.3 g of yeast biomass (on dry weight basis) and wheat flour in 15 ml of water was prepared. Rich dough contained also either 2.0 g of sucrose, 2.0 g of lactose or 2.5 g of whey powder. Dough mixtures were incubated at 29°C and volume increase was recorded every 15 min. We determined that Kluyveromyces lactis had higher volume and leavening rates compared to commercial bakery yeast strain in lactose-rich or whey-rich dough. These results demonstrated the potential of Kluyveromyces lactis yeast strain as a suitable culture for whey fortified bread making.

This research was carried out in the greenhouses of Pamukkale University Menderes Basin Agricultural Application and Research Centre in order to determine the effects of different blossom pruning on yield and quality in Ayza F1 tomato cultivars. The experiment consisted three different applications; pruning group having 6 fruits in flower bunch, pruning group having 7 fruits in flower bunch and control group without pruning. As the quality criterion in the tomato cultivar, total amount of water soluble dry matter (TWSDM %), pH, titratable acidity (TA mval 100 ml-1), hardness of fruit flesh (Newton) and antioxidant content (%) were determined. In addition, fruit diameter (cm), fruit length (mm) and weight (g) were detected. Yield parameters such as total yield (g plant-1), marketable yield (g plant-1), number of fruits (number plant-1), average fruit weight (g fruit-1) were considered detailed. Flower pruning having 6 fruits was prominent in terms of marketable yield, fruit weight, fruit diameter, fruit length and dry matter (DM) values. The effects of the applications on the quality characteristics such as fruit index, TWSDM and pH were found to be insignificant and their effects on DM, TA, fruit flesh hardness and antioxidant amount were detected to be significant.

Plants need different macro and micro nutrient elements to grow and reproduce. Their malnutrition results in unhealthy growth. The soils of Naqadeh area, Iran are deficient in micronutrient elements. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of micronutrients application on some qualitative and quantitative parameters of economically important monogerm sugar beet cv. Sonja. The plants were foliar sprayed with iron, boron, zinc, and manganese. The studied traits were potassium, sodium, nitrogen, extraction coefficient, sugar percent, recoverable sugar, alkalinity, molasses, root yield, and white sugar recovery yield. The effect of micronutrients was significant on all studied traits. The highest extraction coefficient of 89.31 was related to the foliar application of iron (Fe) and the highest recoverable sugar percent (16.91%) was obtained from Zn application. Also, the highest mean root yield (74.120 t ha-1) and white sugar yield (12.137 t ha-1) were noted after foliar treatments of boron (B) and Fe, respectively.

Peynir üretimi ile eski zamanlardan bu yana önemli bir yere sahip olan Kırklareli ilinde önemli ticari potansiyele sahip olan iki farklı peynir, Kırklareli Beyaz Peyniri (KBP) ve KBP ve KEKP üretiminde belli oranlarda koyun sütü, keçi sütü ve inek sütü karışımı kullanılmaktadır. Kırklareli peynirlerini ayırt edici kılan temel bazı özellikler mevcuttur. Bu özellikleri coğrafi yapı ve iklim koşullarına bağlı olarak ortaya çıkan doğal bitki örtüsünün getirdiği etki, peynir hammaddesi olan sütün taşımış olduğu farklılıklar, son olarak ve en önemlisi ise üretim yöntemi ve olgunlaşma sürecinde yer alan temel farklılıklar ile belirtildiği gibi süregelen tarihsel ustalık şeklinde özetlemek mümkündür. KBP ve KEKP taşıdığı farklılıkları bir zincir gibi hayvan beslenmesinden, süte, sütten peynire yansımaktadır. İlin botanik kompozisyonunu oluşturan türlerin oranları hayvanların yemini oluşturmaktadır. Botanik özelliklerine göre Kırklareli meralarında yaygın olan bitkiler buğdaygiller (Poaceae), baklagiller (Fabaceae), geniş yapraklı otlar (Asteraceae, Apiaceae, Lamiaceae vd.) ve çalılardır (Fagaceae vd.). Bu 3 farklı bitki grubunun süt ve peynir üzerine farklı şekillerde etkileri bulunmaktadır ve protein miktarı, yağ oranı vb. gibi en temel kalite kriterlerini etkilemektedir. Bunların dışında sütün mikrobiyal yükünün çok düşük olması ile başlayan ve üretim koşullarının getirdiği birçok farklılık ta mevcuttur. İlde üretilen sütlerin AB kriterlerine uygun olması, öncelikle düşük pastörizasyon sıcaklığı gibi çok önemli bir avantajı beraberinde getirmektedir. Üretimlerinde yalnızca inek sütü kullanılabileceği gibi koyun sütü, keçi sütü ve inek sütü karışımı da kullanılabilir. Karışım oranları ise %30-%45 koyun sütü, %25-%40 keçi sütü, %15-%30 inek sütü şeklindedir.

Bu çalışmanın amacı, fertigasyon uygulamalarında farklı gübreleme zamanlarının (her sulamada gübre: H.S.G., her ikinci sulamada gübre: H.İ.S.G., her üçüncü sulamada gübre: H.Ü.S.G.) ve mikoriza uygulamalarının biber bitkisinin verimine ve besin elementleri alımına olan etkilerini araştırmaktır. Araştırma Çukurova Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Toprak Bilimi ve Bitki Besleme Bölümü’ne ait araştırma ve deneme alanında, tarla koşullarında, iki yıl süreyle ve üç tekerrürlü olarak yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada fertigasyon uygulaması geleneksel yöntem ile karşılaştırmalı olarak yapılmış, test bitkisi olarak biber ve mikoriza türü olarak Glomus caledonium kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada biber bitkisinin verimi ile yaprakların azot (N), fosfor (P), potasyum (K), demir (Fe), çinko (Zn), mangan (Mn) ve bakır (Cu) konsantrasyonları belirlenmiştir. Çalışmadan elde edilen bulgular, birinci yılda en yüksek verimin fosfor uygulanmış ve mikoriza aşılanmış her ikinci sulamada gübre uygulamasından elde edildiğini ortaya koymuştur (2809 kg/da). İkinci yılda ise, 2113 kg/da ile fosfor uygulanmayan mikoriza aşılanmış bitkilerde her sulamada gübre uygulamasında belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, her sulamada gübre uygulaması diğer uygulamalarla karşılaştırıldığında, biber bitkisinin P konsantrasyonunu önemli ölçüde artırmıştır. Araştırmada genel olarak, mikoriza aşılanmış bitkilerin aşılanmamış bitkilerden daha yüksek verim ve besin elementi alımına sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir.

This study was aimed to determine the molybdenum content of meadow - pasture soil between Kırıkhan and Reyhanlı in Hatay province and to determine the relations of the molybdenum content with some heavy metals in the soil. For this purpose, two different depths (0-20 and 20-40 cm) representing grassland pasture lands and 80 soil samples from 40 different points were taken. Cadmium (Cd), Cobalt (Co), Nickel (Ni), Lead (Pb), Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), and Molybdenum (Mo) contents were determined in the soil samples. The contents of the available Cd, Co, Pb, Cu, Fe, Ni and Mo of the soil were determined by reading the 0.005 M DTPA + 0.01 M CaCl2 + 0.1 M TEA extracts in the ICP instrument. The results of the research shows that the Cd contents of the soils are between 0.01-0.32 ppm; Co contents are from 0.01 to 4.97 ppm; Ni contents 0.00 to 20.00 ppm; Pb contents 3.00-67.00 ppm; Cu contents 0.26-7.48 ppm; The Fe contents are between 4.00 and 61.00 and the Mo contents are between 0.001 and 0.064 ppm. It was determined that there are significant positive relationships between Co, Ni, Pb, Cu and Fe contents of Mo in the soil. It was also determined that there are significant positive significant relationships between Cd and Co; Co with Ni, Pb, Fe and Pb and Cu, Fe and Cu and Fe. No heavy metal pollution was found when the heavy metal contents of the regional soils were compared with the limit values.