The present study is conducted to evaluate the efficacy of certain immunomodulators on recovery and conception rate in post partum endometritic buffaloes. Total 50 buffaloes were selected for the study and randomly divided into five groups. The buffaloes of Group 1 were given with a single dose of 100 micro g E. coli lipopolysaccharide as intrauterine, Group 2 buffaloes were treated with a single dose of 2 mg Lysozyme, Group 3 was treated with 4 g of Cephalexin for three consecutive days. While, Group 4 buffaloes were treated with a single dose of 2 mg Lysozyme + 4 g of Cephalexin and Group 5 was treated with 30 ml of normal saline and was kept as control. All therapeutics were infused into the uterus after dissolving in sterile water. The efficacy of treatment was assessed by declines in bacterial load and PMNL cell count after treatment. The overall conception rate was 88.88, 71.42, 66.66, 75.00 and 33.33 percent in Group 1, 2, 3, 4 and Group 5, respectively.

The present study was designed to investigate histopathological changes of endometritis in 110 slaughtered buffaloes from local abattoir in Junagadh (Gujarat). Grossly, 44 genitalia exhibited thickening of uterine wall and presence of varying degree of mucopurulent/purulent exudate noted in 18 uterine samples. Histopathologically, the lesions observed were acute, subacute and chronic changes in 25.45 percent, 20.90 percent and 34.55 percent respectively. Acute endometritis was characterized by severe congestion along with marked stromal edema, degenerative changes and focal denudation of luminal epithelium, focal hemorrhage in sub epithelial zone, infiltration of inflammatory cells predominantly polymorphonuclear cells and mononuclear cells in lamina propria, infiltration of mononuclear cells in glandular lumina and peri-endometrial glands. Subacute endometritis consisted of denudation of luminal epithelium, congestion, stromal edema and Focal haemorrhagic spot, infiltration of mononuclear cells in lamina propria, glandular lumina and around atrophied endometrial gland, glandular dilation, hyperplasiaof mucosal epithelium, atrophy of endometrial glands and thickening of blood vessels. The main features of chronic endometritis were desquamation of mucosal epithelium, infiltration of mononuclear cells and plasma cells in sub epithelial zone, dilatation of endometrial glands with degenerative changes, infiltration of mononuclear cells in glandular lumina and periglandular region with narrowing of glandular lumina, perivascular and periglandular fibrosis leading to severe thickening of blood vessels resulting in narrowing of their lumina and transformation of endometrial epithelial cells into low cuboidal against the normal columnar epithelium. Beside the above histopathological lesions three uterine samples revealed adenomyosis and twenty two genitalia showed metritis.

The present study was designed to assess the bacterial isolation and their antibiogram from endometritis in slaughtered buffaloes. A total 110 uterine swabs at horn-body junction of slaughtered buffaloes were collected from local abattoir in Junagadh. Out of 110 uterine swabs 56 (50.90 percent) uterine samples showed the growth of various bacteria and remaining 54 swabs (49.10 percent) were found to be sterile. Among 56 uterine samples 50 swabs (89.28 percent) showed single isolate and remaining 06 (10.72 percent) exhibited mixed infection. The Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus spp. isolates (24.19 percent) top the list followed by Corynebacterium spp. (17.74 percent), Micrococcus spp. (14.52 percent), Fusobacterium spp. (8.06 percent), Pseudomonas spp. (4.84 percent), Bacillus spp. (4.84 percent) and Streptococcus spp. (1.61 percent). The antimicrobial susceptibility of these bacterial isolates were showed highest sensitivity against Chloramphenicol (83.9 percent) followed by Gentamicin (80.6 percent), Levofloxacin (77.4 percent), Oxytetracycline (77.4 percent), Ceftriaxone/Sulbactam (69.3 percent), Cefoperazone/Sulbactam (61.2 percent) and Amoxicillin/Sulbactam (33.9 percent).