Resumo: O artigo analisa, a partir de contrapontos entre princípios normativos e experiências vividas por jovens rurais, os limites do Pronaf Jovem na construção social de uma juventude rural sucessora na agricultura familiar. A pesquisa combinou levantamento documental e estudo de caso. No estudo de caso, realizado em municípios da Região Central do Rio Grande do Sul, foram produzidos dados qualitativos e quantitativos. O Pronaf Jovem idealiza a construção de uma juventude rural autônoma, pluriativa, integrada em instituições de desenvolvimento rural e sucessora na agricultura familiar. Na realidade pesquisada, os jovens rurais não conseguiram acessar crédito rural na linha Pronaf Jovem. Eles investem em diferenciadas estratégias de emancipação pessoal, que raramente se encaminham pelos projetos de sucessão hereditária na agricultura familiar.

Resumo: O estudo analisa os impactos do PAA-DS sobre a renda mensal dos agricultores e o número de trabalhadores na atividade agrícola para o município mineiro de Ponte Nova em 2015. O objetivo é quantificar de que forma o programa estaria contribuindo para a melhoria do padrão de vida do agricultor e da sua família. Para tanto, utilizou-se o Propensity Score Matching que permite obter o efeito do programa sobre os tratados (beneficiários). Os resultados apontaram que, embora a renda não tenha sido estatisticamente diferente para os dois grupos, o fato de o número de trabalhadores envolvidos na produção ser maior estaticamente para os beneficiários, apoiado pelos resultados da análise descritiva de aumento das vendas, melhores preços e classificação satisfatória do PAA-DS para os beneficiários, mostra que o programa proporcionou melhores resultados para esse grupo em comparação aos não beneficiários. Dessa forma, conclui-se que, para o município, o programa está em consonância com o seu objetivo de fortalecimento da agricultura familiar de forma a promover o desenvolvimento sustentável.

Resumo: A relação entre campo e cidade vem se modificando de forma acentuada, especialmente, a partir das últimas duas décadas do século XX. O presente artigo fez uma análise da forma como a população rural de um pequeno município de economia cafeeira, localizado na Zona da Mata mineira, manifesta, por meio das suas representações de “campo” e “cidade”, a percepção de aproximações e diferenças quanto ao modo de vida rural e urbano na atualidade. O estudo teve um caráter cross-sectional, tendo sido realizado por intermédio de um questionário semiestruturado, com uma amostra representativa da população composta de 94 rurais. Na aplicação do questionário, utilizou-se da técnica de mesclagem de perguntas, que estimulavam respostas rápidas e espontâneas, com outras de cunho mais reflexivo. Com base nas respostas obtidas, o corpus para análise quantitativa de dados textuais foi preparado no software Alceste. Os resultados referentes às representações espontâneas e reflexivas manifestadas pelos rurais acerca da “cidade” e do “campo” revelaram uma visão social de mundo marcada pela perspectiva do pertencimento à dinâmica citadina, combinada com as marcas de ruralidade constitutivas de sua identidade.

Abstract: This paper projects and analyzes the regional impacts of climate change on the agricultural productivity of family farming and large-scale agriculture in Brazil between 2021 and 2050, using the RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios. The methodology adopted consists of a cross-sectional estimation of a production function in which agricultural productivity is determined by climatic, geographic, and productive factors. The study contributes to the literature by disaggregating agricultural production into family farming and large-scale agriculture, indicating the magnitude and direction of impacts by crops and regions in Brazil, a country with a great territorial dimension and relevant and heterogeneous agricultural production. The results indicate that the agricultural productivity of family farming is more sensitive and therefore this type of producer could be more vulnerable to the phenomenon. On average, the effects will be negative in the North/Northeast regions and for cassava, maize, beans, and soybeans, with possible impacts on deforestation and on food supply. Productivity gains are expected in the southern region and for the cultivation of sugar cane and soybeans. Deterioration of food security of the vulnerable farmers and regional disparities may increase in Brazil.

Abstract: We estimate the impacts of an IFAD-supported rural development project (Pro-Gavião). Because public policies are frequently implemented simultaneously rather than in isolation, we also estimate the impacts of—and possible synergies with—the Brazilian conditional cash transfer (CCT) program Bolsa Família. Developed jointly by IFAD and the State Government of Bahia, Pro-Gavião was a rural development project in 13 contiguous municipalities between 1997 and 2005. Census tract level data were extracted for the analysis from the 1995-96 and 2006 Agricultural Censuses. The evaluation uses propensity score matching to construct a control group of untreated census tracts, and a difference-in-differences estimation to identify impacts. The outcomes analyzed include land productivity, agricultural income and child labor. Although Pro-Gavião involved significant investments in the region, the results suggest little if any program impact, or synergies between the two programs. The unexpected null findings are robust to alternative approaches to identifying the treated census tracts, matching techniques, and heterogeneity in several dimensions. We show that the lack of impacts is not driven by adverse rainfall in the treated communities, or the influence of other programs in the control communities. Alternative explanations for the null results are explored.

Abstract: The agribusiness sector has experienced a significant pace of technological evolution. New resources, such as the use of drones, the internet of things, and satellite communication have been fundamental in the emergence of AgTechs, technological companies that have emerged from agribusiness. This article aims to map São Paulo AgTechs and the products and services they offer. This article contributes to the advancement of knowledge about AgTechs and their transformation of the Brazilian agribusiness field. AgTechs have expanded and strengthened the agribusiness sector, which represented approximately 21.4% of Brazilian GDP in 2019, and 26.6% in 2020, despite the political-health crisis and its challenge, it has continued the growth and investment trajectory in Rand and Development, while seeking to increase efficiency in interactions. This qualitative study is exploratory and has a bibliographic design. The data were collected from the Brazilian Association of Startups, Global Entrepreneurship Monitor reports, websites of AgTechs in São Paulo state, and Web of Science. The main results indicate the importance of the São Paulo ecosystem, in which are located 26% of Brazilian AgTechs, the largest concentration in the country. The products and services generated at AgTechs are high tech. In the state of São Paulo, there are three communities that interact with AgTechs and form an entrepreneur-innovative ecosystem.

Resumen: El objetivo del estudio fue valorar los beneficios económicos y sociales, a través de la estimación del excedente y la demanda de visitas turísticas, en el Complejo Arqueológico de Kuélap, en la región Amazonas, Perú. Se determinó el valor de uso, a través del método de costo de viaje individual, utilizando el modelo econométrico de Poisson. Se aplicaron encuestas a 383 turistas, entre nacionales y extranjeros y los resultados obtenidos mostraron que la variable costo de viaje presenta un valor negativo esperado de -0,07 en la demanda de visitas y es estadísticamente significativa. Dicho parámetro reflejaría una inelasticidad de la demanda de visitas, demostrando que los restos arqueológicos de Kuélap tienen escasos sustitutos en la zona norte de la Amazonía peruana. Asimismo, se estimó que para cada visitante-turista el bienestar obtenido por la visita al complejo y el excedente del consumidor fue de aproximadamente S/15,00 y para el año 2018, los 110 068 visitantes obtuvieron un bienestar en términos monetarios que representa un valor económico de 1.651.020,00 soles/año. Los resultados servirán de instrumento en la recomendación de políticas públicas para el desarrollo sostenible de áreas naturales del Perú.

Abstract The growth of small-scale Peruvian farmers is highly dependent on cocoa factor productivity. Agricultural extension programs can help to improve farm productivity using available resources. Thus, the objective of this study is to estimate the productivity of Peruvian cocoa farming and identify if frequent technical assistance impacts on farmers’ technical efficiency. The data came from a survey of 379 cocoa farmers in Tocache, San Martin (177 producers who sell through intermediaries and 202 who are cooperative members), conducted between January and June 2015. This article is supported by the interaction of two associated techniques: the production function and the technical efficiency technique based on stochastic frontier analysis (SFA). The key findings were that the estimated coefficients for labor, capital, land and fertilizer were positive to cocoa production. Our outcomes also show there is a (marginally) significant relationship between technical assistance and technical efficiency (p-value<10%). There is also a positive relationship between efficiency and other socioeconomic characteristics of being a male, having experience in cocoa cultivation and practicing non-diversification in other crops. Policymakers could consider these results to improve farm management systems and, therefore, the competitiveness of the cocoa plantations in the Peruvian Amazonia.

Abstract: Transgenic beans has encountered resistance to its dissemination in the market. This study investigates whether the new cultivar of transgenic beans (BRS FC401 RMD) developed by Embrapa, in Brazil, has the potential for adoption in the producer and consumer markets. We also aim to identify factors that explain this adoption. Through semi-structured interviews, data were collected from non-probabilistic convenience samples of 37 producers and 100 bean consumers in the state of Goiás, Brazil. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and logistics regression models. The results indicate that producers are prone to planting the transgenic bean, and the variables that explain this preference are: total area of property (in hectares), time of experience on the activity (in years) and bean bag sale price. It was also identified that consumers are willing to include transgenic beans in their diets, and the variables explaining this decision are: amount of information received, meaning of the symbol (T), product safety and reasons for consumption. This study contributes to discussions on the adoption of transgenic cultivars, especially those related to the new BRS FC401 RMD bean, highlighting aspects that can serve as input to the next stages of development of the cultivar.