Hemipterans and ants are frequently recorded in trophobiotic associations, generally mutualism. Nests of the fire-ant Solenopsis virulens (Smith) found at the base of trees in the Atlantic Forest biome, Brazil, were investigated for their commensal fauna. The present study provides new information about the mutualism between the fire-ant with hemipterans Membracidae and Monophlebidae found in their nests, this report is the first mention of this kind of relationships in South America. Such associations are very common between ants and treehoppers but have seldom been reported with the family Monophlebidae.

O Semiárido brasileiro corresponde, praticamente, aos limites do bioma Caatinga, sendo uma das regiões com menor número de unidades de conservação e com maior deficiência em estudos da biodiversidade de borboletas. Sendo assim, inventários visando contribuir para o conhecimento da diversidade local são extremamente necessários e urgentes. No presente estudo, uma lista das espécies de borboletas da Serra da Fumaça (Pindobaçu, Bahia, Brasil), foi elaborada baseada em amostragens mensais realizadas no período de Abril a Outubro de 2011, com duração de dois dias. Foram utilizadas rede entomológica e armadilhas com iscas de banana fermentada em caldo-de-cana. Em um total de 1.295 horas de amostragem (97 horas de captura com rede entomológica e 1.198 horas com armadilhas) foram registrados 756 indivíduos de 121 espécies, das quais dezessete são novos registros para o Semiárido e quatro, exclusivamente, para o estado da Bahia.List of Butterflies Species (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea and Papilionoidea) in a Northeastern Brazilian Semiarid AreaAbstract. The Brazilian Semiarid region practically corresponds to the Caatinga biome boundary, being one of the regions with lowest number of conservations unities and greater deficiency in butterflies’ biodiversity studies. Therefore, inventories in order to contribute to knowledge of local diversity are extremely necessary and urgent. In the present study, a list of butterflies’ species from Serra da Fumaça (municipality of Pindobaçu, state of Bahia, Brazil) was developed based on monthly sampling carried out from April to October 2011, lasting two days. The methods used were active capture with entomological nets and traps baited of fermented banana with juice sugar cane. In a total of 1,295 hours of sampling (97 hours of capture with entomological nets and 1,198 hours with traps) were registered 756 individuals of 121 species, of which seventeen are new records for the Semiarid region and four, exclusively, to state of Bahia.