RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a eficiência agroeconômica do consórcio de cenoura com caupi-hortaliça sob diferentes arranjos espaciais e densidades populacionais nas condições semiáridas do Nordeste brasileiro. O estudo foi realizado na Fazenda Experimental “Rafael Fernandes” da Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA) no período de julho 2013 a fevereiro de 2014. O delineamento experimental adotado foi de blocos completos casualizados com quatro repetições, com os tratamentos arranjados em um esquema fatorial 3 x 4, sendo o primeiro fator constituído pelos arranjos espaciais (2:2; 3:3 e 4:4) e o segundo fator pelas densidades populacionais do caupi-hortaliça (100%, 80%, 60% e 40% da população recomendada no cultivo solteiro - PRCS). Todos os tratamentos foram fertilizados com flor-de-seda (Calotropis procera (Ait.) R.Br.), que é uma espécie espontânea do bioma Caatinga. Os índices de eficiência agronômica dos sistemas consorciados avaliados foram: índice de uso eficiente da terra, índice de eficiência produtiva e escore da variável canônica. Foram também avaliados os seguintes indicadores econômicos: renda bruta, renda líquida, taxa de retorno e índice de lucratividade. A eficiência agroeconômica do sistema consorciado de cenoura com caupi-hortaliça foi influenciada pelos arranjos espaciais, com o arranjo 2:2 sobressaindo-se dos demais. A maior eficiência agroeconômica do consórcio de cenoura com caupi-vegetal foi obtida na densidade populacional de 100% da PRCS quando o valor do índice de eficiência produtiva foi de 0,75. | ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the agro-economic efficiency of the intercropping of carrot with cowpea-vegetable under different spatial arrangements and population densities in the semi-arid conditions of the Brazilian Northeast. The study was conducted at the "Rafael Fernandes" Experimental Farm of the Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA) during the period July 2013 to February 2014. The experimental design was of randomized complete blocks with four replications and treatments arranged in a 3 × 4 factorial scheme, where the first factor consisted of spatial arrangements (2:2; 3:3 and 4:4) and the second factor by population densities of cowpea-vegetables (100, 80, 60 and 40% of the recommended population in sole crop [RPSC]). All treatments were fertilized with roostertree (Calotropis procera [Ait.] R.Br.), which is a spontaneous species of the Caatinga biome. The indices of agronomic efficiency of the intercropping systems assessed were: land equivalent ratio, productive efficiency index and score of the canonical variable. The following economic indicators were also evaluated: gross income, net income, rate of return and profit margin. The agro-economic efficiency of the intercropping system of carrot with cowpea- vegetable was influenced by the spatial arrangements, with the 2:2 arrangements standing out from the others. The greatest agro-economic efficiency of the intercropping of carrot with cowpea-vegetable was obtained in the population density of 100% of the RPSC when the value of the productive efficiency index was 0.75.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the agro-economic efficiency of the intercropping of carrot with cowpea-vegetable under different spatial arrangements and population densities in the semi-arid conditions of the Brazilian Northeast. The study was conducted at the "Rafael Fernandes" Experimental Farm of the Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA) during the period July 2013 to February 2014. The experimental design was of randomized complete blocks with four replications and treatments arranged in a 3 × 4 factorial scheme, where the first factor consisted of spatial arrangements (2:2; 3:3 and 4:4) and the second factor by population densities of cowpea-vegetables (100, 80, 60 and 40% of the recommended population in sole crop RPSC). All treatments were fertilized with roostertree (Calotropis procera Ait. R.Br.), which is a spontaneous species of the Caatinga biome. The indices of agronomic efficiency of the intercropping systems assessed were: land equivalent ratio, productive efficiency index and score of the canonical variable. The following economic indicators were also evaluated: gross income, net income, rate of return and profit margin. The agro-economic efficiency of the intercropping system of carrot with cowpea- vegetable was influenced by the spatial arrangements, with the 2:2 arrangements standing out from the others. The greatest agro-economic efficiency of the intercropping of carrot with cowpea-vegetable was obtained in the population density of 100% of the RPSC when the value of the productive efficiency index was 0.75.

ABSTRACT The application of a bionematicide based on chlamydospores of Pochonia chlamydosporia (Pc-10) can be an important strategy for reducing the damage caused by Meloidogyne incognita on carrot. Based on this perspective, the nematicidal effects of 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 kg ha -1 of Pc-10 were evaluated on carrot cv. Juliana under field conditions. Carrot yield and nematode population were influenced by increasing doses of Pc-10. The application of 3.0 kg ha-1 of Pc-10 increased the marketable production of carrot roots by 41.7% compared to the untreated control, whereas the production of unmarketable roots and the nematode population in the soil were reduced by 48.7% and 61.4%. The application of 3.0 kg ha -1 of Pc-10 reduces M. incognita population and improves carrot quality and yield. | RESUMO A aplicação de um bionematicida à base de clamidósporos de Pochonia chlamydosporia (Pc-10) pode se tornar uma importante estratégia para reduzir os danos causados por Meloidogyne incognita em cenoura. Baseado nessa perspectiva, o efeito nematicida de 0; 0,5; 1,0; 1,5; 2,0; 2.5 e 3,0 kg ha -1 de Pc-10 foi avaliado em área de produção de cenoura cv. Juliana em condições de campo. A produtividade de cenoura e a população do nematoide foram influenciados por doses crescentes de Pc-10. A aplicação de 3,0 kg ha-1 de Pc-10 aumentou a produção de raízes comerciais de cenoura em 41,7% comparada com aquela obtida na testemunha não tratada, enquanto que a produção de raízes não-comerciais e a população do nematoide no solo foram reduzidos em 48,7% e 61,4%, respectivamente. A aplicação de 3,0 kg ha -1 de Pc-10 reduz a população de M. incognita e aumenta a qualidade e a produtividade das raízes de cenoura.

The application of a bionematicide based on chlamydospores of Pochonia chlamydosporia (Pc-10) can be an important strategy for reducing the damage caused by Meloidogyne incognita on carrot. Based on this perspective, the nematicidal effects of 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 kg ha-1 of Pc-10 were evaluated on carrot cv. Juliana under field conditions. Carrot yield and nematode population were influenced by increasing doses of Pc-10. The application of 3.0 kg ha-1 of Pc-10 increased the marketable production of carrot roots by 41.7% compared to the untreated control, whereas the production of unmarketable roots and the nematode population in the soil were reduced by 48.7% and 61.4%. The application of 3.0 kg ha-1 of Pc-10 reduces M. incognita population and improves carrot quality and yield.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate combinations of cowpea-vegetable cultivars with carrot cultivars in a strip-intercropping system fertilized with roostertree. The work was conducted at the Experimental Farm "Rafael Fernandes" of the Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA) during September 2013 to March 2014. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with four replications and treatments arranged in a factorial 4 x 2 scheme, resulting from the combination of four cowpea -vegetable cultivars (BRS Tumucumaque, BRS Cauamé, BRS Guariba and BRS Itaim) with two carrot cultivars (Brasilia and Alvorada). The characteristics evaluated in cowpea-vegetables were: number of green pods per area, productivity and dry weight of green pods, number of grains per pod, productivity of grains, weight of 100 grains, and dry weight of green grains. In the carrot cultivars, we evaluated total, commercial, and classified productivity of roots. The cultivar combinations were evaluated in terms of land equivalent ratio, productive efficiency index, score of the canonical variable, as well as indicators of gross and net income, rate of return, profit margin, and modified monetary advantage. The intercropping system using the cultivars BRS Guariba (cowpea) and Alvorada (carrot) achieved highest agronomic/biological efficiency. Highest economic efficiency was achieved with the combination BRS Tumucumaque (cowpea) and Brasilia (carrot). | RESUMO Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar combinações de cultivares de caupi-horaliça com cultivares de cenoura em sistema consorciado em faixas adubadas com flor-de-seda. O trabalho foi conduzido na Fazenda Experimental “Rafael Fernandes” da Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA), durante o período de setembro de 2013 a março de 2014. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos completos casualizados com 4 repetições e os tratamentos arranjados em esquema fatorial 4 x 2, resultante da combinação de quatro cultivares de caupi (BRS Tumucumaque, BRS Cauamé, BRS Guariba e BRS Itaim) com duas cultivares de cenoura (Brasília e Alvorada). As características avaliadas no caupi-hortaliça foram: número de vagens verdes por área, produtividade e peso seco de vagens verdes, número de grãos por vagem, produtividade de grãos, peso de 100 grãos e peso seco de grãos verdes. Nas cultivares de cenoura foram avaliadas: as produtividades total, comercial e classificada de raízes. As combinações de cultivares foram avaliadas pelo índice de uso eficiente da terra, índice de eficiência produtiva, escore da variável canônica e pelos indicadores rendas bruta e líquida, taxa de retorno, índice de lucratividade e vantagem monetária corrigida. O sistema de consórcio utilizando as cultivares de caupi BRS Guariba e a de cenoura Alvorada obteve maior eficiência agronômica/biológica. A maior eficiência econômica foi obtida com a combinação de caupi BRS Tumucumaque e cenoura Brasília.

This study aimed to evaluate combinations of cowpea-vegetable cultivars with carrot cultivars in a strip-intercropping system fertilized with roostertree. The work was conducted at the Experimental Farm "Rafael Fernandes" of the Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA) during September 2013 to March 2014. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with four replications and treatments arranged in a factorial 4 x 2 scheme, resulting from the combination of four cowpea -vegetable cultivars (BRS Tumucumaque, BRS Cauamé, BRS Guariba and BRS Itaim) with two carrot cultivars (Brasilia and Alvorada). The characteristics evaluated in cowpea-vegetables were: number of green pods per area, productivity and dry weight of green pods, number of grains per pod, productivity of grains, weight of 100 grains, and dry weight of green grains. In the carrot cultivars, we evaluated total, commercial, and classified productivity of roots. The cultivar combinations were evaluated in terms of land equivalent ratio, productive efficiency index, score of the canonical variable, as well as indicators of gross and net income, rate of return, profit margin, and modified monetary advantage. The intercropping system using the cultivars BRS Guariba (cowpea) and Alvorada (carrot) achieved highest agronomic/biological efficiency. Highest economic efficiency was achieved with the combination BRS Tumucumaque (cowpea) and Brasilia (carrot).