This article discusses the basic ways of water-preparation in food industry. Water-preparation plan with elements of disinfecting for production of drinking water and drinks is given. The analysis shows that water should meet definite microbiological requirements. In order to reduce its fatal influence on the health of people the clearing and preparation of water are necessary. Development of techniques and means of clearing without chemical technologies, including ozone treatment technologies, allows one to lower and to get rid of application of chemical compounds and reagents. At the moment the ozone treatment water technologies with consequent treatment on filling filters are the most rational. Ozone is the strong oxidant and disinfects water faster than chlorine in some times. With activated carbon use both the flavouring qualities and smell become better. Technology of mutual ozone processing with absorption is the most perspective for water purification and disinfection, possessives a high efficiency in comparison with attitude to pathogen microorganisms, does not lead to the formation of harmful collateral products. Therefore, the questions of development of safe technologies and means for water preparation and treatment are actual and well timed

Currently, the spread of micro- and nanoplastics in the food chain and the environment has become a relevant and social issue. They enter the human body mainly through food, water and drinks packaged in various plastic materials, bottles or containers. It has been established that most urban water sources are contaminated with microplastics due to wastewater. The main objective of the article was to study the awareness of microplastic sources, exposure levels and potential health risks associated with microplastic contamination of food and water by surveying a heterogeneous audience of Internet users. The preventive focus of the survey included: 1) holding an action at the medical faculty of KRSU “Day without plastic”; 2) development, publication and distribution of an information leaflet in the Internet community on the key sources of microplastics in the daily human diet. The test group consisted of 502 Internet users. The author's questionnaire included 26 questions: personal data (5 questions), the size of microplastics, sources of information, an assessment of the risk factors for microplastics entering the body, its content in food and water and the impact on human health (a list of 16 diseases associated with microplastics is provided). Statistical processing of the obtained results was carried out using SPSS version 28.0.1 software. Questionnaires of 502 respondents aged 14–50 years were obtained through an online survey from October 2023 to January 2024 using Google forms. The demographic structure reflected the predominance of female representatives - 52.4%, men accounted for 47.6%. In terms of education level, students dominated among the subjects, incomplete higher education (67.3%), then secondary (14.8%), higher (9.9%) and primary education (8.8%). Most of the respondents lived in the city (80.3%), compared to rural areas (19.7%). Since the survey involved young people, 49.8% of respondents correctly answered the question that microplastics are small particles measuring 5 microns. 50.2% of respondents answered incorrectly, indicating sizes of 10 and 15 microns. Respondents noted that microplastics are most often found in bottled water (29.5%), tea bags (17.3%), natural water (10.3%), fish (8.1%), salt (6.3%), seafood (5.5%) and honey (4.5%). All of the above were noted by 29.5% of respondents. Most respondents to the question: which vegetables are most often contaminated with microplastics, answered that none (38.5%), followed by root vegetables (30.4%), onions (13.1%), cabbage (9.7%) and legumes (8.3%). Among the presented sample - the correct answer is - root crops are most susceptible to contamination. The results of the survey show that in everyday life 45.8% of respondents most often used plastic bags (55.7%), food packaging (18.7%), then cosmetics and hygiene products (17.4%), toys (5.9%) and cutlery (2.3%). Living in a “plastic world”, Internet users somehow do not notice it, to the question of how often the respondents use plastic products, 64.7% of them answered that every day, 26.7% - sometimes, 8.6% — rarely. As the results of the survey showed, most often Internet users received information about the harm of microplastics from social networks 26.5%, Google search engine — 20.7%, scientific articles — 18.9%, news — 17.1%, while communicating with friends, family — 5.5%. At the same time, 11.3% of respondents were not interested in the problem. When comparing the assessment of awareness of the direct and indirect impact of plastic on human health during plastic production and consumer use of plastics, they were aware (46.0% and 37.1%, respectively), slightly aware (31.9% and 37.8%) and did not know (22.1% and 25.1%). The risk that plastic pollution poses to wildlife, as well as to human health, well-being and prosperity, was assessed by respondents as average. 34.6% of respondents were in favor of actively reducing the use of plastic products. 33.7% of survey participants are still at the level of awareness of the problem and attempts to reduce plastic consumption. 31.7% find it difficult to answer, since they do not see an alternative. When asked about awareness of the impact of microplastics (the silent killer) on the development of 16 specific diseases, respondents were most aware of: digestive diseases, allergies, chronic inflammation, respiratory problems, cancer and reproductive problems.

The invention refers to the methods of obtaining food (i.e. drinking, table and mineral) water. It includes extraction of the natural water from a source, its filtration and continuous disinfection through the electrolysis of argentum. Prior to the disinfection water is divided into portions through filling up reactors. The water processed is periodically poured into a collector. A mathematical equation is developed for choosing the number of reactors. The method may be used in municipal management and agriculture for improvement of water and in Pharmaceutical industry and medicine for production of drugs and solutions

Ensuring food security is accompanied by risks which can significantly weaken it. Water resources are distributed on the land area extremely unevenly; differ in the wide range of variability on security per capita, high temporary variability. It was revealed that in 2014 more than 2.5 billion people in 46 countries lived in conditions of a water stress and deficiency. Russia is one of the few countries with rather high level of specific water security, but has extremely uneven distribution of water resources to districts which don't correspond to population distribution. Low water availability in the Crimean federal district, Moscow and the Moscow region, the Belgorod and Kursk regions, Stavropol region is noted. In shallow years in these regions there can be very serious problems with water supply. The international experience convincingly proves that melioration promotes stabilization of agricultural production. In Russia the reclaimed lands occupy less than 5% of grounds and 8% of an arable land, but even they are used not always effectively. Water resources in the majority of regions of Russia don't limit development of agriculture. The approaching global water crisis creates very favourable conditions for the countries with water security as the increase in demand and prices of water capacious production is inevitable. Russia has competitive advantages in production of water capacious agricultural production and can become one of the leaders in the corresponding world markets. The most perspective export goods are grain and meat. The increase in the export potential of grain up to 150 mln t, the increase in production of the cattle and poultry (in live weight) – up to 15 mln t, are possible by 2020. | Обеспечение продовольственной безопасности сопряжено с рисками, которые могут существенно ее ослабить. Водные ресурсы распределены по территории суши крайне неравномерно, отличаются широким диапазоном изменчивости по обеспеченности в расчете на душу населения, высокой временной изменчивостью. Выявлено, что в 2014г. более 2,5 млрд. человек в 46 странах жили в условиях водного стресса и дефицита. Россия – одна из немногих стран с достаточно высоким уровнем удельной водообеспеченности, но имеет крайне неравномерное распределение водных ресурсов по округам, которое не соответствует распределению населения по численности. Отмечена низкая водообеспеченность в Крымском федеральном округе, г. Москва и Московской области, Белгородской и Курской областях, Ставропольском крае. В маловодные годы в данных регионах могут возникать весьма серьезные проблемы с водообеспечением. Мировой опыт убедительно доказывает, что мелиорация способствует стабилизации с.-х. производства. В России мелиорируемые земли занимают менее 5% угодий и 8% пашни, но даже они используются не всегда эффективно. Водные ресурсы в большинстве регионов России не ограничивают развитие сельского хозяйства. Надвигающийся глобальный водный кризис формирует исключительно благоприятные условия для водообеспеченных стран, поскольку неизбежен рост спроса и цен на водоемкую продукцию. Россия обладает конкурентными преимуществами в производстве водоемкой с.-х. продукции и может стать одним из лидеров соответствующих мировых рынков. Наиболее перспективные экспортные товары – зерно и мясо. К 2020 г. возможно увеличение экспортного потенциала зерна до 150 млн т, увеличение производства скота и птицы (в живом весе) – до 15 млн т.