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Water Footprint and Impact of Water Consumption for Food, Feed, Fuel Crops Production in Thailand 全文
2014
Shabbir Gheewala | Thapat Silalertruksa | Pariyapat Nilsalab | Rattanawan Mungkung | Sylvain Perret | Nuttapon Chaiyawannakarn
Water Footprint and Impact of Water Consumption for Food, Feed, Fuel Crops Production in Thailand 全文
2014
Shabbir Gheewala | Thapat Silalertruksa | Pariyapat Nilsalab | Rattanawan Mungkung | Sylvain Perret | Nuttapon Chaiyawannakarn
The proliferation of food, feed and biofuels demands promises to increase pressure on water competition and stress, particularly for Thailand, which has a large agricultural base. This study assesses the water footprint of ten staple crops grown in different regions across the country and evaluates the impact of crop water use in different regions/watersheds by the water stress index and the indication of water deprivation potential. The ten crops include major rice, second rice, maize, soybean, mungbean, peanut, cassava, sugarcane, pineapple and oil palm. The water stress index of the 25 major watersheds in Thailand has been evaluated. The results show that there are high variations of crop water requirements grown in different regions due to many factors. However, based on the current cropping systems, the Northeastern region has the highest water requirement for both green water (or rain water) and blue water (or irrigation water). Rice (paddy) farming requires the highest amount of irrigation water, i.e., around 10,489 million m3/year followed by the maize, sugarcane, oil palm and cassava. Major rice cultivation induces the highest water deprivation, i.e., 1862 million m3H2Oeq/year: followed by sugarcane, second rice and cassava. The watersheds that have high risk on water competition due to increase in production of the ten crops considered are the Mun, Chi and Chao Phraya watersheds. The main contribution is from the second rice cultivation. Recommendations have been proposed for sustainable crops production in the future.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Water Footprint and Impact of Water Consumption for Food, Feed, Fuel Crops Production in Thailand 全文
2014
Shabbir H. Gheewala | Thapat Silalertruksa | Pariyapat Nilsalab | Rattanawan Mungkung | Sylvain R. Perret | Nuttapon Chaiyawannakarn
The proliferation of food, feed and biofuels demands promises to increase pressure on water competition and stress, particularly for Thailand, which has a large agricultural base. This study assesses the water footprint of ten staple crops grown in different regions across the country and evaluates the impact of crop water use in different regions/watersheds by the water stress index and the indication of water deprivation potential. The ten crops include major rice, second rice, maize, soybean, mungbean, peanut, cassava, sugarcane, pineapple and oil palm. The water stress index of the 25 major watersheds in Thailand has been evaluated. The results show that there are high variations of crop water requirements grown in different regions due to many factors. However, based on the current cropping systems, the Northeastern region has the highest water requirement for both green water (or rain water) and blue water (or irrigation water). Rice (paddy) farming requires the highest amount of irrigation water, i.e., around 10,489 million m3/year followed by the maize, sugarcane, oil palm and cassava. Major rice cultivation induces the highest water deprivation, i.e., 1862 million m3H2Oeq/year; followed by sugarcane, second rice and cassava. The watersheds that have high risk on water competition due to increase in production of the ten crops considered are the Mun, Chi and Chao Phraya watersheds. The main contribution is from the second rice cultivation. Recommendations have been proposed for sustainable crops production in the future.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Water footprint and impact of water consumption for food, feed, fuel crops production in Thailand 全文
2014
Gheewala S.H. | Silalertruksa T. | Nilsalab P. | Mungkung R. | Perret S. | Chaiyawannakarn N.
The proliferation of food, feed and biofuels demands promises to increase pressure on water competition and stress, particularly for Thailand, which has a large agricultural base. This study assesses the water footprint of ten staple crops grown in different regions across the country and evaluates the impact of crop water use in different regions/watersheds by the water stress index and the indication of water deprivation potential. The ten crops include major rice, second rice, maize, soybean, mungbean, peanut, cassava, sugarcane, pineapple and oil palm. The water stress index of the 25 major watersheds in Thailand has been evaluated. The results show that there are high variations of crop water requirements grown in different regions due to many factors. However, based on the current cropping systems, the Northeastern region has the highest water requirement for both green water (or rain water) and blue water (or irrigation water). Rice (paddy) farming requires the highest amount of irrigation water, i.e., around 10,489 million m3/year followed by the maize, sugarcane, oil palm and cassava. Major rice cultivation induces the highest water deprivation, i.e., 1862 million m3H2Oeq/year; followed by sugarcane, second rice and cassava. The watersheds that have high risk on water competition due to increase in production of the ten crops considered are the Mun, Chi and Chao Phraya watersheds. The main contribution is from the second rice cultivation. Recommendations have been proposed for sustainable crops production in the future. (Résumé d'auteur)
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Water Footprint and Impact of Water Consumption for Food, Feed, Fuel Crops Production in Thailand 全文
2014
Gheewala, Shabbir H. | Silalertruksa, Thapat | Nilsalab, Pariyapat | Mungkung, Rattanawan | Perret, Sylvain R. | Chaiyawannakarn, Nuttapon
The proliferation of food, feed and biofuels demands promises to increase pressure on water competition and stress, particularly for Thailand, which has a large agricultural base. This study assesses the water footprint of ten staple crops grown in different regions across the country and evaluates the impact of crop water use in different regions/watersheds by the water stress index and the indication of water deprivation potential. The ten crops include major rice, second rice, maize, soybean, mungbean, peanut, cassava, sugarcane, pineapple and oil palm. The water stress index of the 25 major watersheds in Thailand has been evaluated. The results show that there are high variations of crop water requirements grown in different regions due to many factors. However, based on the current cropping systems, the Northeastern region has the highest water requirement for both green water (or rain water) and blue water (or irrigation water). Rice (paddy) farming requires the highest amount of irrigation water, i.e., around 10,489 million m3/year followed by the maize, sugarcane, oil palm and cassava. Major rice cultivation induces the highest water deprivation, i.e., 1862 million m3H₂Oeq/year; followed by sugarcane, second rice and cassava. The watersheds that have high risk on water competition due to increase in production of the ten crops considered are the Mun, Chi and Chao Phraya watersheds. The main contribution is from the second rice cultivation. Recommendations have been proposed for sustainable crops production in the future.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]International Water Conference: dialogue on water, food and environment, Hanoi, Vietnam, 13-16 October 2002 全文
2014
h. wolter
H. Wolter, 'International Water Conference: dialogue on water, food and environment, Hanoi, Vietnam, 13-16 October 2002', Dialogue Secretariat, 2014
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Water issues for 2025: IWMI's contribution to World Water Vision for Food and Rural Development 全文
2014
international water management institute
International Water Management Institute, 'Water issues for 2025: IWMI's contribution to World Water Vision for Food and Rural Development', International Water Management Institute (IWMI), 2014
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Investing in water for food: Insights from the comprehensive assessment of water management in agriculture 全文
2014
s david
S David, 'Investing in water for food: Insights from the comprehensive assessment of water management in agriculture', 2014
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]The Water-Energy-Food Nexus: a new approach in support of food security and sustainable agriculture 全文
2014
If a decision is made at the national level to increase the share of bioenergy, what implications does this have for water, land and energy? How do electricity subsidies contribute to groundwater depletion and what can be done about it? How can we ensure that sectoral policies and strategies consider the potential trade-offs for other sectors? Finding answers to these questions is the main challenge of the Water-Energy-Food Nexus. By describing the complex and interrelated nature of our global resource systems, the Nexus approach helps us to better understand and systematically analyze how we can use and manage our resources in light of different, often competing interests and goals.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Water, food and poverty in river basins: defining the limits
2014
Fisher, Myles J. | Cook, Simon E.
India’s Global Resource Footprint in Food, Energy and Water (FEW) 全文
2014
Khurana Indira | Kumar Shiv | PRK Sohanbabu
One of the most serious challenges for addressing global food security is adequate food production. According to the UN, food output must grow by 60 per cent to feed a population of nine billion or more in 2050. Food production systems are complex. Production of food requires considerable inputs of energy and water, resources over which there are conflicting demands. Already, agriculture accounts for more than 70 per cent of water use and demands will only increase unless growing practices change. Water resources are under stress. Growing evidence indicates that food production systems and water resources are being affected due to a changing climate: Efforts at conversation and efficiency improvement are now non-negotiables. Adopting a FEW (food energy and water) nexus approach will facilitate improved planning, allocation, usage of resources in food production. This report informs abound India’s global FEW footprint and some of the relevant policies and practices adopted to address the challenges of climate change. The nexus approach and these measures offer potential for learning for formulation of policies and practices.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Use of Water Properties in Food Technology: A Global View 全文
2014
Kasaai, Mohammad R.
Water is a major component of drinking water, beverages, and most foodstuffs. In this study, an effort has been made to employ selected properties of water for: (1) evaluation of interactions of water with other food components; (2) discussion on the effects of water properties on food and beverage products; (3) applications of water properties in food technology; and (4) comparison of water properties with corresponding properties of similar substances. This study provides the following major conclusions: (i) unusual properties of water are mostly due to its high permanent dipole moment, partial ionic character of O–H covalent bonds, and extensive hydrogen bonds; (ii) different properties of many foodstuffs are strongly related to various properties of water; (iii) the properties of food products change depending on water availability and temperature; (iv) preparation of drinking water is a prerequisite for production of any safe drinks and foodstuffs; (v) water contributes important roles in quality, flavor, and shelf-life of foods; and (vi) water is used in food industries as a fluid for heat transfer; as a medium for temperature moderation in food processing; as a solvent for sugars, salts, water-soluble vitamins, and acids; as a dispersing agent for hydrophilic food components; as a dispersed phase for emulsified products; or as a reactant for several reactions in food processing.
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