Aims: characterize the territory of the Antinaco-Los Colorados Central Valley based on the water-energy-food nexus; problematize the nexus by linking the evolution of groundwater resources and energy consumption for irrigation; and identify actors to conform a Political and Technical Council. Methodology: the territorial characterization was developed from the analysis of secondary information considering the three pillars of the nexus and its problematization was carried out by articulating the piezometric; the loss of reserves and electricity consumption data for irrigation; The identification of actors was carried out using a participatory sociogram technique. Results: piezometric levels decrease annually with a depletion of groundwater reserves, therefore, energy for irrigation increases. This situation accounts for the (un)sustainability of the system in the strong term. The analysis of actors shows the possibility of forming a Technical and Political Council for the prospective development of the valley from the nexus approach. Limitations: analyse the economic scarcity of water, propose trend scenarios and deepen the understanding of the rationalities of groups of producers to know the logic in the use of resources. Conclusions: the current uses and modes of resource management demand changes around the physical limits of natural resources. | Objetivos: caracterizar el territorio del Valle Central Antinaco-Los Colorados en función del nexo agua energía y alimentos; problematizar el nexo al vincular la evolución del recurso hídrico subterráneo y el consumo de energía para riego agrícola; e identificar actores para conformar un Consejo Político y Técnico. Metodología: la caracterización territorial se elaboró a partir del análisis de información secundaria considerando los tres pilares del nexo y su problematización se efectuó a partir de articular la piezométrica; la pérdida de reservas y los datos de consumo de energía eléctrica para riego; la identificación de actores se realizó bajo técnica participativa de sociograma. Resultados: los niveles piezométricos descienden anualmente con una pérdida constante de reservas de agua subterránea, por lo tanto, la energía para riego se incrementa. Esta situación da cuenta de la (in)sustentabilidad del sistema en el sentido fuerte del término. El análisis de actores evidencia la posibilidad de conformar un Consejo Técnico y Político para el desarrollo prospectivo del valle desde el enfoque del nexo. Limitaciones: analizar la escasez económica del agua, plantear escenarios tendenciales y profundizar el entendimiento de las racionalidades de grupos de productores para comprender las lógicas en el uso de recursos. Conclusiones: los actuales usos y modos de gestión de los recursos demandan de cambios en torno a los límites físicos de los recursos naturales.

Irrigated agriculture plays a central role in global food production as it provides resilience to rainfall variability, increased productivity and production security. However, it has also gone hand in hand with serious socio-environmental challenges. Large-scale irrigated agricultural production, which depends on both surface and groundwater resources, has encountered several technical and managerial challenges. It has led to widespread environmental deterioration through drying and polluting rivers, lakes, wetlands, and aquifers. At the same time, irrigated agricultural production has been increasingly commodified, specialized and globalized through large commercial farming enterprises, contract farming and international agro-export chains. This has led to widespread processes of land and water accumulation and related socio-environmental inequities in many regions of the world. In contraposition to this tendency peasant irrigated production plays a key role in producing for local and regional fresh food markets. In this context, we explore a few innovative and promising grassroots initiatives that spring from peasant agriculture. These are agro-ecology, farmer-led irrigation development and peri-urban agriculture, all initiatives that rest on the creation of local food production and marketing networks. Finally, this book chapter closes by setting out critical questions about policies and the political implications of food consumption patterns.

Access to sufficient and clean freshwater is essential for all life. Water is also essential for the functioning of food systems: as a key input into food production, but also in processing and preparation, and as a food itself. Water scarcity and pollution are growing, affecting poorer populations most, and particularly food producers. Malnutrition levels are also on the rise, and this is closely linked to water scarcity. The achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 2 and 6 are co-dependent. Solutions for jointly improving food systems and water security outcomes include: (1) strengthening efforts to retain water-based ecosystems and their functions; (2) improving agricultural water management for better diets for all; (3) reducing water and food losses beyond the farmgate; (4) coordinating water with nutrition and health interventions; (5) increasing the environmental sustainability of food systems; (6) explicitly addressing social inequities in water-nutrition linkages; and (7) improving data quality and monitoring for water-food system linkages, drawing on innovations in information and communications technology (ICT). Climate change and other environmental and societal changes make the implementation and scaling of solutions more urgent than ever. | Non-PR | 1 Fostering Climate-Resilient and Sustainable Food Supply; IFPRI4; DCA | Natural Resources and Resilience (NRR); Transformation Strategies

This database provides information about the amount of water use in agriculture food systems covering all sectors from farming to food processing industries. The data are presented at the country level with sectoral disaggregation following the Nexus Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) sectoral specifications. The database also differentiates the type of water in each sector based on water sources. The green water refers to type of water originated from precipitation or rain, while the blue water refers to all water that comes from irrigation covering both surface and groundwater. Both types of water are consumed by plants or animals during the production process. The grey water on the other hand is the amount of water generated as an implication from production activities that cause the water polluted. Since it has loads of pollutants created from production activities, this type of water can be seen as a waste in the whole production system.

This database provides information about the amount of water use in agriculture food systems covering all sectors from farming to food processing industries. The data are presented at the country level with sectoral disaggregation following the Nexus Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) sectoral specifications. The database also differentiates the type of water in each sector based on water sources. The green water refers to type of water originated from precipitation or rain, while the blue water refers to all water that comes from irrigation covering both surface and groundwater. Both types of water are consumed by plants or animals during the production process. The grey water on the other hand is the amount of water generated as an implication from production activities that cause the water polluted. Since it has loads of pollutants created from production activities, this type of water can be seen as a waste in the whole production system.

This database provides information about the amount of water use in agriculture food systems covering all sectors from farming to food processing industries. The data are presented at the country level with sectoral disaggregation following the Nexus Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) sectoral specifications. The database also differentiates the type of water in each sector based on water sources. The green water refers to type of water originated from precipitation or rain, while the blue water refers to all water that comes from irrigation covering both surface and groundwater. Both types of water are consumed by plants or animals during the production process. The grey water on the other hand is the amount of water generated as an implication from production activities that cause the water polluted. Since it has loads of pollutants created from production activities, this type of water can be seen as a waste in the whole production system.

In the goals of the United Nations for the sustainable development of societies in the third millennium, the approach of water and food nexus is considered one of the important interdisciplinary perspectives in the direction of the dynamic balance of production and consumption of resources. Due to the consumption of more than 90% of the country's water resources in the agricultural sector, access to accurate statistics of this field is vitally important in creating a balance between water production and consumption in the water-food nexus approach. In such a way, the presentation of incorrect statistics or statistics with many errors, especially by official authorities, by entering into different models developed by researchers, will lead to distorted results, wrong decisions and ultimately economic and environmental damages and social tensions. In this research, with the approach of using the connections of ecosystems, water-food nexus was investigated; Thus, the correlation between the presented statistics of the production sector and the water consumption sector was analyzed by using water-food nexus with the method of uncomplicated calculations. Based on the information, the inconsisitency of the statistics provided by different departments is evident. According to the statistics of crop production in 2014-2015 and 2019-2020, the undercultivated area in the agricultural sector in 2019-2020 has grown by about 1% compared to 2014-2015, and in 13 provinces the undercultivated area has increased and in other provinces the undercultivated area in the agricultural sector has decreased. Water consumption in the agricultural sector has grown by about 10%, so that in 23 provinces, water consumption in the agricultural sector has increased and in 8 provinces, water consumption in the agricultural sector has decreased. This difference is due to the change in the cultivation pattern and the crop selected by farmers in the country. Also, according to the amount of programmable water that has been announced by the Ministry of Energy, in 12 provinces, the amount of programmable water is not enough to meet the Pure water consumption for crops, and even in some provinces, the amount of programmable water is only enough to supply garden products. This important and basic finding implies and emphasizes the need to solve the problems of statistics of different authorities of the country.

Access to sufficient and clean freshwater is essential for all life. Water is also essential for the functioning of food systems: as a key input into food production, but also in processing and preparation, and as a food itself. Water scarcity and pollution are growing, affecting poorer populations most, and particularly food producers. Malnutrition levels are also on the rise, and this is closely linked to water scarcity. The achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 2 and 6 are co-dependent. Solutions for jointly improving food systems and water security outcomes include: (1) strengthening efforts to retain water-based ecosystems and their functions; (2) improving agricultural water management for better diets for all; (3) reducing water and food losses beyond the farmgate; (4) coordinating water with nutrition and health interventions; (5) increasing the environmental sustainability of food systems; (6) explicitly addressing social inequities in water-nutrition linkages; and (7) improving data quality and monitoring for water-food system linkages, drawing on innovations in information and communications technology (ICT). Climate change and other environmental and societal changes make the implementation and scaling of solutions more urgent than ever.