O tema desse estudo é a qualidade e a utilização segura da água de reúso, tendo em vista que a água é um recurso natural limitado e sujeito a contaminação ambiental. Tecnologias alternativas visando o tratamento e refinamento do esgoto vem sendo desenvolvidas para ambas propostas para uso de fins potáveis e não potáveis. Porém, esta estratégia é questionável, pois micropoluentes de difícil detecção por metodologias tradicionais persistem na água de reúso, o que oferece risco à saúde pública. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a água de reúso, esgotos e água potável por meio de análise metagenômica do material genético. Foram realizadas análises por metagenômica do DNA total da microbiota presente em amostras de águas de reúso submetidas a diferentes tratamentos (cloro, membrana filtrante e filtro biológico), de esgoto tratado e água potável. As amostras também foram submetidas a análises colimétricas, físico-químicas e ensaios de PCR para a buscar de marcadores moleculares de poluição. Concluímos que as tecnologias utilizadas no Brasil não estão sendo capazes de retirar poluentes a nível de coliformes uma vez que contaminantes foram detectados em todas as amostras de água de reúso. Proteobactérias e Bacteriófagos foram os microrganismos mais abundantes nas matrizes ambientais estudadas. Recomendamos que a água de reúso tratada com cloro pode ser destinada para atividade de contato direto a humanos mas não indicado para atividades agrícolas ou paisagísticas, por causa da presença de fitopatôgenos. Águas de reúso submetidas a tratamentos por membranas filtrantes e filtro biológico não são indicados em atividades de contato direto, sendo recomendado para fins agrícola em irrigação por gotejamento. A biodiversidade das espécimes encontradas reforçam a necessidade das pesquisas envolvendo água de reúso, de modo a garantir a segurança sanitária para uso em diferentes fins. É urgente adequar a legislação nacional para que a água de reúso atenda a parâmetros de qualidade existentes em outros países, e que assegure o padrão sanitário de importância para a saúde pública. | The Theme of this study is the quality and safe use of reused water, considering that water is a limited natural resource and subject to environmental contamination. Alternative technologies for sewage treatment and refinement have been developed for both potable and non-potable purposes. However, this strategy is questionable because micro pollutants that are difficult to detect by traditional methodologies persist in reused water, which poses a risk to public health. The objective of this work was to evaluate reuse water, sewage and drinking water through metagenomic analysis of the genetic material. Metagenomics analyzes were performed on the total DNA of the microbiota present in wastewater samples submitted to different treatments (chlorine, filter membrane and biological filter), treated sewage and drinking water. The samples were also subjected to collimetric analysis, physicochemical and PCR assays to search for molecular markers of pollution. We conclude that the technologies used in Brazil are not capable of removing pollutants at the coliform level, since contaminants were detected in all reused water samples. Proteobacteria and Bacteriophages were the most abundant microorganisms in the environmental matrices studied. We recommend that chlorine-treated wastewater may be intended for direct contact with humans but not suitable for agricultural or landscape activities because of the presence of phytopathogens. Reuse waters submitted to membrane and biological filter treatmens are not indicated for direct contact activities, being recommended for agricultural purposes in drip irrigation.

Este proyecto busca llevar a cabo la producción de tres (3) canciones por parte del dúo Manguito Chill (Camilo Motta, Félix Suárez), en donde convergen elementos presentes en los géneros del Neo Soul y del Neo Jazz, con rasgos característicos de músicas tradicionales colombianas y venezolanas, como lo son el bullerengue, el currulao, la gaita zuliana, la fulía y algunos golpes de tambor de las fiestas de San Juan en las costas venezolanas. El producto final tendría el nombre de “Camino e’ Agua”, nombre otorgado tras el concepto adquirido por medio de la composición lírica de las tres canciones que componen el proyecto, en donde, inspiradas por la investigación, tenían como elemento simbólico el agua. Bajo este concepto, se busca recorrer a profundidad todas las etapas pertenecientes al ejercicio de creación musical dentro de un esquema de producción discográfica profesional, en donde caben espacios de composición y arreglos, grabación (cuyas técnicas de captura y selección de equipos dependen de la intención a transmitir), mezcla y masterización. Se entrega un esquema y un proceso aún en desarrollo, cuya muestra tangible son 3 prototipos (maquetas), 3 sesiones de grabación, y 3 mezclas de lo que será el producto final. Este producto se proyecta, en un futuro, como parte de la nueva escena de la música alternativa latinoamericana, cuyo público objetivo, incluye al mismo de los artistas que representaron mayor influencia para la banda. Esta influencia en cuanto a su posición en la industria musical latinoamericana actual, como lo son Rawayana, Diamante eléctrico, Vicente García, Rap Bang Club, Juan Pablo Vega, entre otros. La forma de cumplir esta meta en la cual nos proyectamos a futuro es replicando esquemas que nos resultaron funcionales durante el desarrollo de este proyecto, y aplicando métodos para mejorar aquellos aspectos en los que mostramos falencias durante el proceso del mismo. | Estudios Audiovisión | Maestro en Música | Pregrado | This project seeks to carry out the creation of three (3) songs for our duo Manguito Chill, where elements present in the genres of Neo Soul and Nu Jazz converge with characteristic features of traditional Colombian and Venezuelan music such as Bullerengue, Currulao , the Gaita zuliana, the Fulía and some drum hits from the San Juan festivities. The final product name would be “Camino e’ Agua”, given name after the concept acquired through the composition, songwriting/lyrics writing process, in which, inspired by the musical research itself, water becomes and displays as a constant symbol. It’s the intention of the project to explore the different processes and stages that make part of a professional music production. We deliver as a final result a work in process with three mixing sessions and finished arrangements.

Microbiological Examination Methods of Food and Water (2nd edition) is an illustrated laboratory manual that provides an overview of current standard microbiological culture methods for the examination of food and water, adhered to by renowned international organizations, such as ISO, AOAC, APHA, FDA and FSIS/USDA. It includes methods for the enumeration of indicator microorganisms of general contamination, indicators of hygiene and sanitary conditions, sporeforming, spoilage fungi and pathogenic bacteria. Every chapter begins with a comprehensive, in-depth and updated bibliographic reference on the microorganism(s) dealt with in that particular section of the book. The latest facts on the taxonomic position of each group, genus or species are given, as well as clear guidelines on how to deal with changes in nomenclature on the internet. All chapters provide schematic comparisons between the methods presented, highlighting the main differences and similarities. This allows the user to choose the method that best meets his/her needs. Moreover, each chapter lists validated alternative quick methods, which, though not described in the book, may and can be used for the analysis of the microorganism(s) dealt with in that particular chapter. The didactic setup and the visualization of procedures in step-by-step schemes allow the user to quickly perceive and execute the procedure intended. Support material such as drawings, procedure schemes and laboratory sheets are available for downloading and customization. This compendium will serve as an up-to-date practical companion for laboratory professionals, technicians and research scientists, instructors, teachers and food and water analysts. Alimentary engineering, chemistry, biotechnology and biology (under)graduate students specializing in food sciences will also find the book beneficial. It is furthermore suited for use as a practical/laboratory manual for graduate courses in Food Engineering and Food Microbiology.

This diagnosis has shown that there is great experience in incorporating and empowering women in water projects and sanitation, but the industry has not yet assimilated gender policies and clear strategies to guide its incorporation and mainstreaming institutions at different levels (political, design and execution), as well as the different phases of the project cycle. The aim of this paper is to recognize the findings and recommendations of gender diagnosis and propose guidelines for a strategy on projects for water and sanitation in the Andean region. The findings and recommendations are presented in four levels: a) political macro sectoral b) planning and formulation of projects c) institutional capacity on gender issues, and d) the results achieved, so far, in community users of water systems and sanitation. The document contains three parts: Part 1: The general context: Bolivia and Peru, identifies the context and the Andean population involved, by presenting features on gender relations in the Andean and Amazon areas and access to quality water services and sanitation in the region. Part 2: State of the incorporation of gender in the water and sanitation sector. Finally, part 3: The value added working with gender, and how the proposed 3 guidelines make for a strategy that propels gender equity in water and sanitation projects.

El presente trabajo se ha centrado en el desarrollo de emulsiones alimentarias aceite-en-agua estabilizadas con proteínas de atún. Específicamente, se ha analizado la influencia del método de conservación de las proteínas aisladas (liofilización, congelación) y de las condiciones de procesado seleccionadas sobre el comportamiento reológico y la microestructura de dichas emulsiones. Se han preparado emulsiones aceite en agua (con un contenido del 70% en peso de aceite) estabilizadas con proteínas de atún. La concentración de emulsionante usada ha sido 0,50% en peso. El comportamiento reológico de estas emulsiones no depende significativamente del método de conservación de la proteína empleado. Por otra parte, un aumento de la velocidad de agitación durante el proceso de manufactura de la emulsión da lugar a una disminución continua del tamaño medio de gota y a un aumento de las funciones viscoelásticas dinámicas, menos significativo a medida que aumenta dicha velocidad de agitación. | This work is focused on the development of o/w salad dressing-type emulsions stabilized by tuna proteins. The influence of protein conservation methods after the extraction process (freezing or liofilization) on the rheological properties and microstructure of these emulsions was analyzed. Processing variables during emulsification were also evaluated. Stable emulsions with adequate rheological and microstructural characteristics were prepared using 70% oil and 0.50% tuna proteins. From the experimental results obtained, we may conclude that emulsion rheological properties are not significantly affected by the protein conservation method selected. On the contrary, an increase in homogenization speed favours an increase in the values of the linear viscoelastic functions. Less significant is the fact that as agitation speed increases further, mean droplet size steadily decreases.