The electrolyzed water is a type of water with biocidal properties, fungicidal and sporicidal. Its effectiveness is caused by its activation which gives it a high oxidation capacity. Therefore, electrolyzed water becomes a very effective breaker of cell membrane of microorganisms. Although during its activation, hypochlorous acid is released, it is instantly stabilised, which guarantees the safety in handling and respect for the environment. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of electrolyzed water as drinking water on the presence of bacteria in the water consumed by cows and the microbiological quality of milk produced. Water samples collected from drinking electrolyzed water showed negative results for contamination by aerobic, total coliforms, E. coli and faecal streptococci. Data showed a significant decrease of somatic cell count, total bacteriology and coagulase positive count in milk from cows that had drunk electrolyzed water.

Electrolyzed water is a type of water produced by the electrolyses of sodium chloride saturated water. Its use in animal production is recent. Yet there is little literature on the subject, although in broilers (Northcutt et al, 2007) supplied as drinking water for 16 hours before slaughter reduced significantly bacterial spread in the inner cavity of the channel. In Arabian horses it has improved their performance during competition, and even in piglets, the results provided by farmers who used it indicate a 80% less medication costs and a 70% reduction in mortality. Moreover, there was an increment of weight of 450 grams during the four weeks. The aim of this pilot study was to examine the effect of electrolyzed water intake on blood acid-base balance of dairy cows of different ages and times of their lactation curve. In order to do this, it was used the portable clinical analyzer I-STAT which uses disposable cartridges to determine blood pH and the following blood gases: partial pressure of carbon dioxide, bicarbonate, standard base excess, partial oxygen pressure, oxygen saturation and total carbon dioxide. The results showed that the electrolyzed water ingestion caused a significant increase in all parameters examined except for pH and partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the blood.

El objetivo prioritario del presente estudio ha sido determinar las condiciones óptimas de aplicación del agua activada electrolíticamente (AAE) para conseguir desinfectar el agua utilizada en las centrales hortofrutícolas, y así evitar la posible recontaminación de la fruta y la aparición de podredumbres en postcosecha. La dosis óptima de aplicación del AAE para conseguir la desinfección satisfactoria del agua está directamente relacionada con el tiempo de contacto entre el AAE y las esporas fúngicas. Con períodos cortos de exposición (30 segundos a 2 minutos), dosis elevadas del producto de 10 y 20% (vol/vol) no son suficientes para reducir substancialmente la población de los principales patógenos. En cambio, tiempos superiores de 5 a 30 minutos sí son suficientes para reducir más del 90% de la población de Alternaria sp a las dosis de 10 y 20%. La presencia de materia orgánica en la solución afecta la eficacia del AAE, sin embargo, otros factores como las bajas temperaturas y los pH alcalinos no influyen de forma importante en su eficacia. Por estos motivos, el AAE se presenta como una alternativa eficaz al cloro en la desinfección del agua en las centrales hortofrutícolas.

Chicken meat may suffer rapid deterioration because of spoilage microorganisms. The type and number of microorganisms define quality of the product. Many stuidies show the use of slight acid electrolyzed water (sAEA) with high free clorine concentration (FCC) has been investigated to control and reduce the microbial growth of chiken meat. However sAEA with low levels of free clorine were not studied. In the current study, the stability of sAEA with low free clorine concentration and its application in chicken breast meat was assessed by evolution of microorganisms and lipid oxidation during storage. To acess the stability, sAEA with pH 6 and 10 mg/L of FCC was diluted for 2 and 5 mg/L and its oxidation-redution potential (ORP), pH and FCC were determining over 5 days of storage at 4 °C. The sAEA was applied in chicken breast meat by immersion and by the combination of spray and immersion to evaluate the shelf-life during storad 4 °C for 6 days. The shelf-life was evaluated by mesophilic and psychotrophic bacteria growth, pH value and lipi oxidation by TBARS levels. All of sAEA maintained their ORP, pH and FCC characteristics during the storage. The chicken breast meat showed varied initial number of microorganisms, which influence the redution promoted by sAEA treatment. Higher mesophilic bacteria number show lower redution by sAEA. In general, sAEA was more effective in reducing mesophilic than psychotrophic bacteria after treatment application. The chicken breast pH were not affected by sAEFA. However, anyone sAEA application mode increase the shelf-life of chicken breast meat. TBARS values were confuse, and further studies are necessary to clarify the sAEA action mechanism front lipid oxidation. | Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq | Devido à sua composição, a carne de frango pode sofrer rápida deterioração pela presença de microrganismos, sendo que o tipo e número de microrganismos definem a qualidade higiênico-sanitária do produto. O uso da água eletrolisada fracamente ácida (AEFA) com alta concentração de cloro livre tem sido investigado na redução da carga microbiana de frangos de corte, mas com baixa concentração não se tem relatos. Esse trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a estabilidade e método de aplicação da AEFA com 2, 5 e 10 mg/L de cloro livre em peitos de frango, e acompanhar a evolução dos microrganismos deteriorantes e a oxidação dos lipídios durante o armazenamento refrigerado. Estudou-se a estabilidade da AEFA com pH 6,0 com 2, 5 e 10 mg/L de cloro livre, determinando o potencial de oxirredução (POR), pH e concentração de cloro livre (CCL) ao longo de 5 dias de armazenamento a 4 °C. As AEFAs foram aplicadas nos peitos de frango pelo método de imersão e pela combinação de spray e imersão para avaliação da vida-útil de peitos de frango armazenados a 4 °C durante 6 dias. A vida-útil foi acompanhada pelo crescimento de bactérias mesófilas e psicrotróficas, valor de pH e a evolução da oxidação lipídica foi acompanhada pelos níveis de TBARS. As AEFAs elaboradas mantiveram suas características de POR, pH e CCL durante o período de armazenamento estudado. Os peitos de frango apresentaram número inicial de microrganismos variado, o que influenciou na redução promovida pelo tratamento com AEFA, sendo que quanto maior a carga de bactérias mesófilas, menor a percentagem de redução promovida pela AEFA. Notou-se, em todos os métodos de aplicação, que a AEFA foi mais efetiva frente às bactérias mesófilas do que as psicrotróficas logo após a aplicação dos tratamentos, e que o pH dos peitos de frango não foram influenciados pela aplicação da AEFA. Entretanto, os diferentes tratamentos de AEFA aplicados não aumentaram o tempo de vida-útil dos peitos de frango, pois apresentaram carga microbiológica e pH considerados impróprios para o consumo no sexto dia de armazenamento. Mais estudos são necessários para esclarecer melhor o mecanismo de ação da AEFA frente às reações de oxidação lipídica

Human consumption of water outside of the microbiological standards for drinking constitutes a health and disease risk factor. Through the process of infiltration in the soil, groundwater may be contaminated by the waste generated by human activity and deposited in the soil, waterways or air. The consumption of water in natura, captured in a spring, may lead to the risk of disease. One of the alternative technologies for disinfecting water that has shown promise is the generation of an oxidant solution in loco. The electrochemical reaction of sodium chloride produces oxidizing gases, which reacts with the water to produce the hypochlorite ion in balance with hypochlorous acid, along with traces of other oxidants. In the present study the development of a device based on an imported model that uses this type of technology wassought in order to reduce the cost of acquisition and makeit more available to disadvantaged communities with water quality issues. The evaluation of the efficiency of this technology in disinfecting water with different qualities (color and turbidity) was also sought, using total coliforms and Escherichia coli as indicator organisms of contamination. In each experimentthe quality of untreated water, and water after adding the oxidant was examined on turbidity, true color, residual chlorine, pH, temperature, and quantification of microorganism indicators. In the experiments performed we found that the adapted equipment showed to be as efficient in the production of disinfectant agents as the original equipment. In the microbiological assays performed on water contaminated with E. coli (synthesized water in a laboratory and natural) and total coliforms (natural water), the inactivation of these organisms was observed to be effective with the use of gases that came from the adapted equipment, taking into account the content of chlorine in water treated with the equipment. | Human consumption of water outside of the microbiological standards for drinking constitutes a health and disease risk factor. Through the process of infiltration in the soil, groundwater may be contaminated by the waste generated by human activity and deposited in the soil, waterways or air. The consumption of water in natura, captured in a spring, may lead to the risk of disease. One of the alternative technologies for disinfecting water that has shown promise is the generation of an oxidant solution in loco. The electrochemical reaction of sodium chloride produces oxidizing gases, which reacts with the water to produce the hypochlorite ion in balance with hypochlorous acid, along with traces of other oxidants. In the present study the development of a device based on an imported model that uses this type of technology wassought in order to reduce the cost of acquisition and makeit more available to disadvantaged communities with water quality issues. The evaluation of the efficiency of this technology in disinfecting water with different qualities (color and turbidity) was also sought, using total coliforms and Escherichia coli as indicator organisms of contamination. In each experimentthe quality of untreated water, and water after adding the oxidant was examined on turbidity, true color, residual chlorine, pH, temperature, and quantification of microorganism indicators. In the experiments performed we found that the adapted equipment showed to be as efficient in the production of disinfectant agents as the original equipment. In the microbiological assays performed on water contaminated with E. coli (synthesized water in a laboratory and natural) and total coliforms (natural water), the inactivation of these organisms was observed to be effective with the use of gases that came from the adapted equipment, taking into account the content of chlorine in water treated with the equipment. | Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Due to security considerations in their management and environmental impact is expected in the coming years the use of chlorine as a disinfectant decreases in favor of more profitable alternatives. Among these alternatives, the electrolyzed water solutions now represent the greatest advance in regard to disinfection, appearing as an efficient, ecologically and economically. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of electrolyzed water as a substitute for traditional disinfectant circuit milking and tank milk in a dairy farm. For this purpose water samples were collected in sterile containers at the end of the washing process with two products which were sent to a laboratory accredited by ENAC (147/LE377) for microbiological analysis. No significant differences were observed in samples treated with chlorine and electrolyzed water in the case of the circuit milking disinfection. However, in the milk tanks disinfection electrolyzed water is better than chlorine because it eliminates aerobic microorganisms. Moreover, from an environmental point of view, the use of electrolyzed water is an advantage over chlorine due to its non polluting capacity.

El hidrógeno, es un combustible limpio que, cuando se consume en una celda de combustible para obtener energía, solo produce agua. Actualmente, puede producirse por distintos métodos, siendo uno de ellos la electrólisis de agua, la cual permite obtener hidrógeno de alta pureza. Además, esta tecnología puede utilizarse como almacenamiento del excedente energético procedente de fuentes renovables. En la actualidad, un componente clave de los electrolizadores, dispositivos generadores de hidrógeno a partir de agua, son las membranas de intercambio aniónico. Las mismas permiten la conductividad de aniones entre ánodo y cátodo. El objetivo del trabajo fue desarrollar una nueva membrana y evaluar su desempeño en un electrolizador de escala laboratorio. Los resultados obtenidos son promisorios cuando se los compara con membranas de intercambio aniónico comercialmente disponibles. Por esta razón, la membrana descripta en este trabajo puede ser considerada como un posible material alternativo y económico para su uso en electrolizadores. | Hydrogen gas, considered one of the energy sources of the future, is a clean fuel whose consumption in a fuel cell to obtain energy generates only water as product. Currently, it can be produced by different methods, being water electrolysis the one that allow to obtain it with the highest purity. Besides, this technology can be used as a way of storage energy excess from renewable sources. A key component in electrolysis cells, water-fueled hydrogen generating devices, are the ionic exchange membranes. These membranes allow the ionic conduction between cathode and anode. The objective of this work is to develop a new AEM membrane and to measure its performance in a laboratory scale electrolysis cell. Promising results were obtained, with competitive performance compared with commercially available membranes. For this reason, this membrane can be considered as a good candidate for water electrolysis systems. | Asociación Argentina de Energías Renovables y Medio Ambiente (ASADES)

This article describes the tests carried out to evaluate the process efficiency water treatment by electrocoagulation in construction paint wastewater. Electrocoagulation process consists of an electrolytic reactor, equipped with a current source and electrodes responsible for providing the destabilizing ions of colloidal particles, so that they replace the function of the chemical compounds used in conventional wastewater treatment. For the experimental design, we use drinking water and wall paint, in order to treat the solution by electrocoagulation in a treatment scale plant to compare the results before and after treatment, the variables to be measured are: dissolved oxygen (DO); turbidity; pH; conductivity; temperature; chemical oxygen demand (COD).After review the efficiencies obtained, we proceed to the development of an equipment treatment that can treat the wastewater from washing brushes and rollers to be reused again in the washing, avoiding contamination caused by washing tools after painting surfaces in construction processes. | En este artículo se describen las pruebas realizadas para evaluar la eficacia del proceso de tratamiento de aguas por electrocoagulación en aguas residuales de pinturas de construcción. El proceso de electrocoagulación consiste en un reactor electrolítico, dotado de una fuente de corriente y electrodos encargados de aportar los iones desestabilizadores de las partículas coloidales, de forma que sustituyen la función de los compuestos químicos utilizados en el tratamiento convencional de las aguas residuales. Para el diseño experimental, utilizamos agua potable y pintura mural, con el fin de tratar la solución por electrocoagulación en una planta de tratamiento a escala para comparar los resultados antes y después del tratamiento, las variables a medir son: oxígeno disuelto (OD); turbidez; pH; conductividad; temperatura; demanda química de oxígeno (DQO).Después de revisar las eficiencias obtenidas, se procede al desarrollo de un equipo de tratamiento que pueda tratar las aguas residuales procedentes del lavado de brochas y rodillos para ser reutilizadas de nuevo en el lavado, evitando la contaminación provocada por el lavado de las herramientas después de pintar las superficies en los procesos de construcción.