Se estudia en condiciones de laboratorio, el efecto de la indisponibilidad de agua en el adulto de L. botrana sobre el potencial biotico de ambos sexos, respecto a un control con agua ad libitum. En la hembra, la indisponibilidad de agua provoco una significativa reduccion del 66 por cien en la fecundidad (166 vs. 56 huevos totales/hembra) [con agua vs. sin agua], del 72 por cien en la fertilidad (149 vs. 42 huevos viables/hembra), del 25 por cien en la viabilidad de los huevos (89,9 por cien vs. 64,2 por cien), del periodo de oviposicion (7,2 vs. 2,6 dias) y de la longevidad (8,8 vs. 5,9 dias). En consecuencia, la fertilidad diaria media (20,9 vs. 15,5 huevos viables/dia) y la eficacia reproductora (16,6 vs. 4,8 huevos viables/mg de peso corporal) tambien se vieron significativamente reducidas. En el macho, la indisponibilidad de agua redujo significativamente el numero de espermatoforos emitidos durante su vida (9,3 vs. 2,1 espermatoforos) disminuyendo ademas el tamano de los mismos. La longevidad (12,9 vs. 4,2 dias), el numero de espermatoforos/dia (0,72 vs. 0,48) y la eficacia reproductora (1,8 vs. 0,4 espermatoforos/mg de peso corporal) tambien disminuyeron significativamente.

Alpine karst aquifers control the availability and longevity of some water resources, but are not well understood. A conceptual model of the alpine karst aquifer system in the Bear River Range of northern Utah (USA) has been developed by geochemical analysis (major ions, δ¹⁸O, δ²H and δ¹³C values) of seasonal water samples from seven perennial springs, and residence-time assessment (³H and CFCs) of two low- and two high-discharge springs. All spring data can be explained by reaction paths dominated by the dissolution of calcian dolomite. The δ¹³C values align well with reaction paths for open-system dissolution. Saturation indices and low Ca:Mg molar ratios indicate that incongruent dissolution exerts a strong control on water–rock interactions, complicating interpretation of natural solute tracers. Values of δ¹⁸O and δ²H in springs follow the Utah meteoric water line. Snow δ¹⁸O values correlate with elevation, but not with increasing rainout distance, providing qualitative estimates of recharge elevation that generally align with previous dye-traces to five of the seven springs. Concentrations of ³H and CFCs likely are best described by binary mixing of subannual recharge with 60–65-year-old groundwater, suggesting that the alpine karst aquifer system in the Bear River Range is best represented by a double-porosity model. Subannual recharge documented by dye traces implies that caverns are the primary flowpaths to the springs, but the presence of decadal-age water may indicate that lower permeability flowpaths dominate during baseflow. No evidence was found for a longer-residing flow component, suggesting high sensitivity to future climate variability.