Introduction. Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is a little-known crop in the Bolivian highlands as its response to water use efficiency (WUE) in a Walipini-type greenhouses. Objective. To evaluate the behavior of two varieties of basil and the water use efficiency (WUE) in the application of foliar biofertilizer in a Walipini-type greenhouse. Materials and methods. The experiment was installed at the Ventilla Ecological Farm, in the Central Highlands of Bolivia, with an experimental period of 135 days (July 13 to November 25), 2014. A factorial experiment with two factors (varieties: Nufar F1 and Italian Large Leaf) and two levels of foliar biofertilizer (Biol) was used under a completely randomized block design. Results. Through the WUE, specific leaf area, and net assimilation rate relationship, it was observed that basil had a better development in Walipini-type greenhouse (underground greenhouse) since biomass accumulation was not significantly affected. The results showed that the production of basil in this environment using foliar biofertilizer, Biol, differ mainly by the variety rather than by the doses of Biol, showing that Nufar F1 had better development. Conclusion. A significant relationship was observed between Nufar F1 and Italian large Leaf for biomass weight when applying Biol at two different levels. It shows that there does not necessarily have to be a positive and significant relationship between biomass accumulation and WUE, so it is presumed that basil can develops regularly in Walipini-type greenhouses under semi-arid region conditions. | Introducción. La albahaca (Ocimum basilicum L.) es un cultivo poco conocido en el altiplano boliviano, al igual que su respuesta a la eficiencia de uso del agua (EUA) en invernadero tipo Walipini. Objetivo. Evaluar el comportamiento de dos variedades de albahaca y la eficiencia de uso del agua en la aplicación de biofertilizante foliar en un invernadero tipo Walipini. Materiales y métodos. El experimento se instaló en la Granja Ecológica Ventilla, en el Altiplano Central de Bolivia, con un periodo experimental de 135 días (13 de julio al 25 de noviembre), 2014. Se utilizó un experimento factorial con dos factores (variedades: Nufar F1 e Italian large Leaf) y dos niveles de biofertilizante foliar (Biol), bajo un diseño de bloques completamente al azar. Resultados. Mediante la relación EUA, área foliar específica y tasa neta de asimilación, se observó que la albahaca tuvo un mejor desarrollo en invernadero tipo Walipini (invernadero subterráneo), ya que la acumulación de biomasa no se vio afectada significativamente. Los resultados mostraron que la producción de albahaca en estos ambientes con biofertilizantes foliares, Biol, difirieron principalmente por la variedad más que por las dosis de Biol, y mostraron que Nufar F1 tuvo mejor desarrollo. Conclusión. Se observó una relación significativa entre Nufar F1 e Italian large Leaf para el peso de biomasa al aplicar Biol en dos diferentes niveles. Se muestra que no necesariamente debe haber una relación positiva y significativa entre la acumulación de biomasa y la EUA, por lo que se presume que la albahaca se desarrolla regularmente en invernaderos tipo Walipini bajo condiciones de región semiárida.

Avaliou-se o desenvolvimento vegetativo e produtivo da cultura Pimenta-de-macaco (Piper aduncum) em função de diferentes tensões da água no solo irrigada por gotejamento. Foi utilizado o delineamento de blocos ao acaso com cinco tratamentos (tensões de 20; 40; 60 e 100 kPa e Sem Irrigação) e quatro repetições. Realizou-se dois cortes da parte aérea da cultura para quantificação da biomassa e extração do óleo essencial. O 1º corte foi realizado aos dez meses de cultivo e o 2º corte, seis meses após. No primeiro corte em condições irrigadas nos últimos quatro meses, apenas a variável diâmetro da copa não apresentou diferença significativa entre os tratamentos avaliados. No 2º corte, apenas as variáveis rendimento de óleo essencial e teor de dilapiol no óleo essencial não foram influenciadas pelos tratamentos. A Pimenta-de-macaco apresenta tolerância moderada ao déficit hídrico e a faixa de tensão da água no solo para definir o momento de iniciar a irrigação na cultura é de 20 a 60 kPa. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of soil water tensions on vegetative and productive development for Pimenta-de-macaco (Piper aduncum) irrigated by drip system. The experimental design of randomized blocks, with five treatments (tensions 20; 40; 60 and 100 kPa and also with no irrigation) and four replications was used. Two harvests were made to quantify biomass and, consequently, essential oil extraction. The first harvest was performed when the culture reached ten months of cultivation and the second harvest after six months. In the first harvest in irrigated conditions in the last four months, only the crown diameter variable showed no significant difference among the treatments evaluated. In the second harvest, only the essential oil yield and dillapiole content in the essential oil were not influenced by the treatments. Pimenta-de-macaco has moderate tolerance to water deficit and the soil water tension recommends to initiate irrigation from 20 to 60 kPa.

Avaliou-se o desenvolvimento vegetativo e produtivo da cultura Pimenta-de-macaco (Piper aduncum) em função de diferentes tensões da água no solo irrigada por gotejamento. Foi utilizado o delineamento de blocos ao acaso com cinco tratamentos (tensões de 20; 40; 60 e 100 kPa e Sem Irrigação) e quatro repetições. Realizou-se dois cortes da parte aérea da cultura para quantificação da biomassa e extração do óleo essencial. O 1º corte foi realizado aos dez meses de cultivo e o 2º corte, seis meses após. No primeiro corte em condições irrigadas nos últimos quatro meses, apenas a variável diâmetro da copa não apresentou diferença significativa entre os tratamentos avaliados. No 2º corte, apenas as variáveis rendimento de óleo essencial e teor de dilapiol no óleo essencial não foram influenciadas pelos tratamentos. A Pimenta-de-macaco apresenta tolerância moderada ao déficit hídrico e a faixa de tensão da água no solo para definir o momento de iniciar a irrigação na cultura é de 20 a 60 kPa. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of soil water tensions on vegetative and productive development for Pimenta-de-macaco (Piper aduncum) irrigated by drip system. The experimental design of randomized blocks, with five treatments (tensions 20; 40; 60 and 100 kPa and also with no irrigation) and four replications was used. Two harvests were made to quantify biomass and, consequently, essential oil extraction. The first harvest was performed when the culture reached ten months of cultivation and the second harvest after six months. In the first harvest in irrigated conditions in the last four months, only the crown diameter variable showed no significant difference among the treatments evaluated. In the second harvest, only the essential oil yield and dillapiole content in the essential oil were not influenced by the treatments. Pimenta-de-macaco has moderate tolerance to water deficit and the soil water tension recommends to initiate irrigation from 20 to 60 kPa.

In January 2003, in the Animal Production Research Unit, Lara, Venezuela, duckweed ( Lemna minor ) was cultured in microlagoons to determine biomasa production. Three experiments (E) were carried out with a totally randomized design: E1 (T0 = 30 g of duckweed, T1 = 30 g of duckweed and 32 g of fertilizer), E2 (T0 = 5 g of duckweed, T1 = 5 g of duckweed and 32 g of fertilizer), with 25 repetitions per treatments; and E3 (T0 = 5 g of duckweed, T1 = 5 g of duckweed and 20 g of fertilizer, T2 = 5 g of duckweed and 30 g of fertilizer, and T3 = 5 g of duckweed and 40 g of fertilizer), with 15 repetitions per treatment. The duckweed gave higher yieldeds when fertilized, and the yields depended of the quantities of vegetative material and fertilizer added to the microlagoon. | En enero de 2003, en la Unidad de Investigación en Producción Animal, Lara, Venezuela, la lenteja de agua ( Lemna minor ) fue cultivada en microlagunas para determinar su producción de biomasa. Se realizaron tres experimentos (E) con diseños completamente aleatorizados, a saber: E1 (T0= 30 g de lenteja de agua, T1= 30 g de lenteja de agua y 32 g de fertilizante); E2 (T0= 5 g de lenteja de agua, T1= 5 g de lenteja de agua y 32 g de fertilizante), con 25 repeticiones por tratamiento; y E3 (T0= 5 g de lenteja de agua, T1= 5 g de lenteja de agua y 20 g de fertilizante, T2= 5 g de lenteja de agua y 30 g de fertilizante, y T3= 5 g de lenteja de agua y 40 g de fertilizante), con 15 repeticiones por tratamiento. La Lemna minor presentó una mayor producción de biomasa al ser fertilizada, y el rendimiento fue dependiente de las cantidades de material vegetativo y fertilizante que se adicionaron en la microlaguna.

The objective of this work is to validate the reliability of two mathematical models for wastewater treatment using a microalgaebacteria consortium. These models were validated using data from tests conducted under environmental conditions in the Sabana de Bogotá region of Colombia. The experimental methods comprise different scenarios with varying proportions of microalgaebacteriato wastewater, measuring both biomass growth and contaminant removal. The results indicate that the models successfully represent biomass behavior but are limited in predicting contaminant removal from the water. Nonetheless, significant removal of COD was observed due to the interactions between the microalgae-bacteria consortium. The most promising results were obtained in the scenario with a composition of 25% microalgae and 75% of wastewater. In conclusion, the treatment process monitoring demonstrated effective biomass production and improved water quality in the treated samples. However, further research is needed to enhance the predictive capabilities of the mathematical models regarding contaminant removal. | El objetivo de este trabajo es validar la representatividad de dos modelos matemáticos, para aplicaciones de tratamiento de agua residual con consorcios microalgas-bacterias. Los modelos se validaron utilizando datos recolectados en condiciones ambientales de la Sabana de Bogotá (Colombia). La experimentación evaluó escenarios con diferentes proporciones de microalgas:agua residual, midió el crecimiento de la biomasa, así como la remoción de contaminantes. Los resultados muestran que los modelos representan el comportamiento de la biomasa, pero no son capaces de predecir la remoción de contaminantes del agua. Se observó remoción de DQO debido a las interacciones entre el consorcio de microalgas y bacterias, los mejores resultados fueron obtenidos en el escenario 25% de microalgas y 75% de agua residual. En general, el monitoreo del proceso de tratamiento demostró la producción de biomasa y la mejora en la calidad del agua tratada.