The authors use the Ethiopian Rural Household Survey to examine the gender dimensions of public works. They use three rounds of a panel conducted in 1994-95 to explore the determinants of participation in, days worked, wages, and earnings from wage labor, food-for-work (FFW), and self-employment. Then they analyze public works data collected in 1997, together with program data collected in 2003. FFW operates in a similar fashion with other labor markets in Ethiopia where female participation is low. Gender differences are important in the participation decision, but operate differently in different types of labor markets. Better-educated women are more likely to participate in the wage labor market, while higher livestock holdings diminish participation more for women. Females with more schooling are also more likely to participate in FFW. Men’s and women’s participation in FFW and self-employment responds differently to household and community shocks. After controlling for selection in which gender plays an important role, gender disadvantages in the wage labor market and FFW are insignificant. Returns to schooling and height are consistently positive in both wage labor and FFW, suggesting returns to human capital investment, even in the low-skill labor markets of rural Ethiopia. Program characteristics significantly affect participation, with differential effects on men and women. Participation, days worked, wages, and earnings vary according to the type of project. Relative to infrastructure projects, water, social services, and other projects decrease participation probabilities. Distance has a strong negative effect on women’s participation relative to men’s.<BR>

Profundiza la comprension del proceso de fortalecimiento organizativo en la gestion del agua a traves de este eje principal de los derechos de agua. El primer capitulo presenta una introduccion conceptual; los siguientes capitulos profundizan los distintos conceptos y temas y los ilustran con ejemplos de Peru, Bolivia, Chile y Ecuador

En septiembre de 2003, campesinos mazahuas de Villa de Allende, Estado de México sufrieron inundaciones en 300 hectáreas de cultivo por el desbordamiento del río Malacatepec proveniente de la presa de Villa Victoria, del sistema Cutzamala. Esta fue la razón para que los campesinos se organizaran para exigir el pago de sus cultivos. Al cabo de tres meses de espera, en febrero de 2004, los mazahuas iniciaron una serie de acciones colectivas y se constituyeron como el Frente para la Defensa de los Derechos Humanos y Recursos Naturales del Pueblo Mazahua. Después de un año de movilizaciones surgió el Ejército Zapatista de Mujeres en Defensa del Agua, el cual tuvo un importante impacto mediático que logró ejercer presión política ante las instancias involucradas, para beneficio del movimiento. El objetivo de este documento es presentar los hallazgos más significativos de la participación de los mazahuas en la movilización; así como dar a conocer las causas que generan este importante movimiento político, el cual trascendió más allá del pago de daños a los cultivos, logrando consolidar otras demandas tales como: la dotación de agua potable y de servicios básicos, así como de un plan de desarrollo sustentable para las comunidades. | On September, 2003, Mazahua peasants from Villa de Allende, State of México, suffered flooding on 300 hectares of crops because of overflowing of the Malacatepec River, originating from the Villa Victoria dam of the Cutzamala system. This was the reason why the peasants organized themselves to demand payment of their crops. After three months of waiting, in February 2004, the Mazahua began a series of collective actions and came together as the Frente para la Defensa de los Derechos Humanos y Recursos Naturales del Pueblo Mazahua. After one year of mobilization, the Ejército Zapatista de Mujeres en Defensa del Agua arose, which turned out to have an important media impact that was able to exercise political pressure on the instances involved, in benefit of the movement. The objective of this document is to present the most significant findings regarding the participation of Mazahua people in the movement. Also, to expose the causes that generated this important political movement, which transcended beyond payment of crop damages, consolidating other demands such as: provision of drinking water and basic services, as well as a plan for sustainable development for the communities.