Objetivou-se, com este estudo, avaliar o efeito de cinco freqüências de irrigação por gotejamento, na maximização da produtividade e na eficiência do uso da água pelo meloeiro cultivado em solo arenoso de Tabuleiro Costeiro do Piauí. O experimento foi conduzido no Campo Experimental da Embrapa Meio-Norte, localizado no município de Parnaíba, PI, latitude 3º5'S longitude 41º47'W e altitude de 46,8 m. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos e seis repetições, em que os tratamentos foram: freqüências de irrigação de 0,50, 1,0, 2,0, 3,0 e 4,0 dias. Foram avaliadas as produtividades comercial e total e a eficiência do uso de água, constatando-se que a maior produtividade total (77.985 kg ha-1) e a máxima eficiência do uso da água (EUAEt) pelo meloeiro (282,83 kg ha-1 mm-1) são obtidas com freqüência de irrigação de um dia. As freqüências de irrigação de 3 e 4 dias, ou superiores, não são recomendadas para o meloeiro e, se a água é escassa, utilizam-se irrigações com freqüência diária. | The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of five trickle irrigation frequencies to obtain high yields and maximum water use efficiency in a melon crop cultivated in sandy soil of the Coastal Tablelands of Piauí, Brazil. The experiment was carried out in an experimental area of Embrapa Meio-Norte in Parnaíba, Piauí State, Brazil, latitude 3º5' S, longitude 41º47' W and altitude 46.8 m. A randomized block with five treatments and six replications was used, with irrigation frequencies of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 days. The total and commercial yield and water use efficiency were evaluated. The highest total yield (77.985 kg ha-1) and the maximum water use efficiency by melon crop (282.83 kg ha-1 mm-1) were obtained with an irrigation frequency of one day. The irrigation frequencies of 3 and 4 days or higher are not recommended for the melon crop, and if the water is scarce an irrigation frequency of one day should be used.

Hydrogeological prospecting in NE Brazil and other crystalline terrains is based on a structural framework which demands a significant update. In this kind of terrain, water percolation and acummulation is controled by fractures and other discontinuities. In order to build a new conceptual model, the present contribution discusses a number of topics such as fracture geometry (including their aperture and connectivity) and chronology, as well as the crustal level of the brittle deformation, have to be placed in a regional framework while being evaluated during water well location. Different fracture systems may be present at each place, aging from the end of the Precambrian (late in the Brasiliano orogeny) to the Juro-Cretaceous rifting and continental drift, besides reactivations during Cenozoic times. As exploitable water migration and acummulation is a very young process, in due course in the uppermost crustal levels, neotectonic stress fields certainly exert an important control; these fields can be estimated on the basis of structural and seismological data, in situ measurements and on the morphotectonic evolution. Weathering processes can also influence “opening” of fractures and other rock discontinuities, such as foliation planes, sometimes in an anisotropic pattern which reflects a neotectonic control . These concepts imply reformulations on the present working methodology and point to new research trends. This contribution emphasizes simple concepts and techniques, able to be incorporated in the hydrogeological prospecting accross semi-arid regions.

Objetivou-se, com este estudo, avaliar o efeito de cinco freqüências de irrigação por gotejamento, na maximização da produtividade e na eficiência do uso da água pelo meloeiro cultivado em solo arenoso de Tabuleiro Costeiro do Piauí. O experimento foi conduzido no Campo Experimental da Embrapa Meio-Norte, localizado no município de Parnaíba, PI, latitude 3o5’S longitude 41o47’W e altitude de 46,8 m. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos e seis repetições, em que os tratamentos foram: freqüências de irrigação de 0,50, 1,0, 2,0, 3,0 e 4,0 dias. Foram avaliadas as produtividades comercial e total e a eficiência do uso de água, constatando-se que a maior produtividade total (77.985 kg ha-1) e a máxima eficiência do uso da água (EUAEt) pelo meloeiro (282,83 kg ha-1 mm-1) são obtidas com freqüência de irrigação de um dia. As freqüências de irrigação de 3 e 4 dias, ou superiores, não são recomendadas para o meloeiro e, se a água é escassa, utilizam-se irrigações com freqüência diária.

This study was carried out at the Agronomic Experimental Station of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, in Eldorado do Sul, RS, Brazil, during the agricultural seasons of 1993/94 and 1994/95. The objective was to evaluate the leaf water potential as an indicator of the water deficit in maize (Zea mays L.), and its relation with the soil water potential. The experiment comprised three levels of irrigation, from field capacity to absence of irrigation. The values of the minimum leaf water potential ranged from -1.2 to -1.5 MPa in irrigated plants (field capacity) and from -1.6 to -2.0 MPa in nonirrigated plants. The minimum leaf water potential was well correlated to the matric water potential measured at 45 cm deep (r2 = 0.73). The sunset leaf water potential showed relationship with the minimum leaf water potential indicating it to be an indicator of water deficit. The predawn leaf water potential showed clear differences between the utmost treatments, but did not show any consistent relationship with the minimum leaf water potential.

Tesis (Lic. en Biología)-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua, León | UNAN-León

A través del estudio de cuatro casos concretos (Canarias, Israel, y los regadíos manchegos y almerienses) este trabajo pretende mostrar la relevancia del marco institucional como condicionante de los comportamientos de gestión de recursos acuíferos, poniendo al mismo tiempo de manifiesto la capacidad de los propios agentes para actuar sobre las reglas del juego

Se evaluaron las modificaciones que se producen en el contenido de materia grasa, perfil de ácidos grasos, relación oleico/linoleico (O/L) e indice de yodo (IY) de las semillas de maní (cv. Florman INTA) de distinto tamaño producidas bajo dos situaciones diferentes de disponibilidad de agua durante el periodo reproductivo. La disponibilidad de agua afectó la relación O/L, el IY, y el contenido de todos los ácidos grasos menos behénico. En relación al tamaño de las semillas variaron el contenido de oleico, eicosenoico y behénico. Se encontró interacción entre disponibilidad hídrica y tamaño de semillas para el contenido de aceite y de ácido lignosérico. La mayor disponibilidad de agua produjo semillas con mayor contenido de aceite y además, probablemente debido a un efecto indirecto de disminución de la temperatura de suelo, se aumentó el grado de insaturación del aceite, lo cual se evidenció a través de una relación O/L menor y un IY superior

The changes in the lipid composition, oleic/linoleic ratio (O/L) and iodine value (IY) for Florman INTA peanut seeds of different sizes obtained under two different water availability conditions during reproductive period were, evaluated. The water availability affected O/L ratio, IY, and the content of all fatty acid but behenic. The seed size affect the oleic, eicosenic and behenic contents. Interaction between water availability and size seed in relation to lipid and lignoseric acid content were also detected. The greatest water availability produced seeds with more lipid content. Moreover, probably due to an indirect effect of less soil temperature, the insaturated lipid concentration was increased as can be seen in the less O/L ratio and augmented IY. | Se evaluaron las modificaciones que se producen en el contenido de materia grasa, perfil de ácidos grasos, relación oleico / linoleico (O/L) e índice de yodo (IY) de las semillas de maní (cv. Florman INTA) de distinto tamaño producidas bajo dos situaciones diferentes de disponibilidad de agua durante el período reproductivo. La disponibilidad de agua afectó la relación O/L, el IY, y el contenido de todos los ácidos grasos menos behénico. En relación al tamaño de las semillas variaron el contenido de oleico, eicosenoico y behénico. Se encontró interacción entre disponibilidad hídrica y tamaño de semillas para el contenido de aceite y de ácido lignosérico. La mayor disponibilidad de agua produjo semillas con mayor contenido de aceite y además, probablemente debido a un efecto indirecto de disminución de la temperatura de suelo, se aumentó el grado de insaturación del aceite, lo cual se evidenció a través de una relación O/L menor y un IY superior.