In recent years, the acute shortage of protein has been observing in Russia. In terms of the chemical composition flour triticale peeled and sprouts from chick-pea seeds are considered beneficial and promising. Protein content in bean (chickpea) seeds is rather large as compared with other crops and ranges from 25 to 45%. The use of triticale in baking production would allow to solve the following problems: 1) to expand a source base of raw materials; 2) to reduce imports to Russia of the main raw materials of baking production (flour); 3) to exclude need of chemical treatment of seeds for obtaining an ecologically clean product; 4) to expand the range of bakery products of the improved food value. Triticale protein contains more irreplaceable amino acids and is better assimilable than that of wheat, and triticale grain flour quite meets baking requirements. Using mathematical methods of experiment planning the authors have developed and optimized a compounding of butter biscuits on the basis of triticale peeled flour and sprout flour of chickpea seeds in butter biscuit composition. Due to the increased content of albumens, cellulose, vitamins, and mineral components cookies have high quality rates and increased nutrition value. The ready-made product can be recommended as treatment-and-prophylactic food. | В последние годы в питании населения России наблюдается острый дефицит белка. В качестве перспективных пищевых источников белка рассмотрены мука тритикалевая обдирная и проростки из семян нута. Содержание белка в семенах бобовых (нута) по сравнению с другими культурами достаточно велико и составляет от 25 до 45%. Использование тритикале в производстве хлебобулочных и мучных кондитерских изделий позволило бы решить следующие задачи: 1) расширить сырьевую базу; 2) уменьшить импорт в Россию муки (основного сырья хлебопекарного производства); 3) исключить необходимость протравливания семян пшеницы с целью получения экологически чистого продукта; 4) расширить ассортимент хлеба и мучных кондитерских изделий улучшенной пищевой ценности. Белок тритикале по содержанию незаменимых аминокислот более полноценен и лучше усваивается, чем белок пшеницы, а мука из зерна тритикале вполне удовлетворяет хлебопекарным требованиям. Математическими методами планирования эксперимента разработана и оптимизирована рецептура сдобного печенья на основе муки тритикалевой обдирной и муки проростков семян нута в рецептурах сдобного печенья. Рассчитано оптимальное количество разных видов муки в рецептуре: мука пшеничная хлебопекарная обдирная – 21,5-26,0 кг; мука тритикалевая обдирная – 43,0-49,0 кг; мука овсяная – 25,0 кг; мука из проростков нута – 4,5-10,5 кг. За счет увеличенной до 12% доли белковых веществ, а также высокого содержания клетчатки, витаминов, минеральных компонентов печенье имеет высокие показатели качества и обладает повышенной пищевой ценностью. Готовый продукт может быть рекомендован для лечебно-профилактического питания.

The presence of multivitamin deficiency in 6-52% of the population is a characteristic feature of the vitamin status of the inhabitants of Russia. A deficiency of vitamins D and group B is most common. Enrichment with vitamins of mass consumption products is the most effective way to improve the vitamin status of the population. Thanks to their shares in the structure of nutrition and the breadth of coverage of all groups of the population in Russia flour and bread are the most acceptable for enrichment with B group vitamins, as well as vitamin D by means of using vitamin D2-enriched in ultraviolet baking yeast, when bakin. The regulatory basis for the enrichment of foods (enrichment levels, micronutrient forms) exists in Russia, however, voluntary initiative enrichment is not enough to improve the vitamin status of the population. Adoption of the law on mandatory enrichment of bakery products for organized teams is required. | Характерной особенностью витаминного статуса жителей России является наличие полигиповитаминозных состояний у 6–52 % населения. Наиболее часто встречается дефицит витаминов D и группы В. Самым эффективным способом улучшения витаминного статуса населения является обогащение витаминами продуктов массового спроса. В России наиболее приемлемыми для обогащения являются мука и хлебопродукты, что определяется их долей в структуре питания и широтой охвата всех групп населения. Мировая практика свидетельствует о безопасности и эффективности обязательного обогащения хлеба (муки) витаминами группы В, а также витамином D c использованием при выпечке обработанных ультрафиолетом пекарских дрожжей, обогащенных витамином D2. В России разработана нормативная база по обогащению пищевых продуктов (уровни обогащения, формы микронутриентов), однако обогащение, проводимое по инициативе производителей, недостаточно для улучшения витаминной обеспеченности населения. Требуется принятие закона об обязательном обогащении хлебобулочных изделий для организованных коллективов.

The bakery industry plays a huge role in providing the Russian population with food. Bread in Russia has a special value and the range of bakery products is unusually wide. Continuously new types of baking products are developed. At the same time, production of traditional types of bread is preserved, without which food in Russia is difficult to imagine. Preservation of production, technology and composition traditions of bakery products can be considered as one of the national foundations. Kneading has a special place in the structuring process in the dispersed system, called dough, when as a result of the mechanical connection of fine particulate material - flour and liquid components in the form of emulsions or a true aqueous solution, an elastically elastic plastic capillary-porous rheological body with spatial gluten (protein) framework is formed. The purpose of the research: to study physical and mechanical features of the dough structuring, the effect of mechanical activation of water on the process of structure formation. Thermodynamic research method was applied. Structurometer ST-1 rheological device, conical plastometer of Rebinder and MX-50 moisture analyzer were used. It’s been established that mechanical activation of water immediately before the dough kneading allows reducing energy consumption for kneading by at least 30-40 %, increasing the dough elasticity, which improves the operation of the equipment for dough cutting and forming, improves rheological properties of bread, which ultimately affects its consumer properties and competitiveness.

The task of agricultural producers is to provide bread making with high-quality grain from which flour with high baking properties may be ground. The research goal is to reveal the potential of the formation of high baking quality grains in spring soft wheat varieties developed at different plant breeding institutions and grown in the southern forest-steppe of the Omsk Region. The studies were conducted in 2017 and 2018. The research targets were the varieties from the International Nursery of the Kazakhstan-Siberia Network for Spring Wheat Improvement (KASIB) from 13 plant breeding institutions in Russia and Kazakhstan. Grain quality and baking properties were evaluated by conventional methods. A new set of varieties and the meteorological conditions prevailing during the years of research have enabled to reveal the features of grain quality formation in the varieties of various originator institutions and evaluate the grain physical and baking properties of these varieties. The studied varieties depending on the place of origin differed in the formation of grain quality indices and baking properties. The Omsk State Agrarian University varieties were largest in size and plumpness. The varieties of the Pavlodar Research Institute of Agriculture formed small grain of lightweight grain. Lower frequency of grain formation with high protein and gluten contents there were found to be in the varieties of the Aktyubinsk Agricultural Testing Station, Kazakh Research Institute of Arable Farming and Plant Growing, and Karaganda Research Institute of Plant Growing and Breeding with the indices of not lower than Class 3. The varieties of the Karaganda Institute and the Kurgan-Semena Agro-Holding featured the maximum flour strength and formed dough balanced in terms of resilience and extensibility. By the set of dough physical properties, loaf volume and bread quality, the varieties of the Karaganda Institute, Pavlodar and Siberian Research Institutes of Agriculture, Omsk Agrarian Scientific Center, Aktyubinsk Station have high potential for baking quality. The varieties of the Siberian Research Institute of Agriculture and Kurgan-semena Agro-Holding featured the maximum grain yields. | Задача сельхозпроизводителей – обеспечить хлебопекарное производство качественным зерном, из которого можно получать муку с высокими хлебопекарными свойствами. Цель исследований – выявить потенциал формирования зерна высокого хлебопекарного качества у сортов яровой мягкой пшеницы, выращенных в условиях южной лесостепи Омской области, созданных в разных селекционных учреждениях. Исследования проводились в 2017 и 2018 гг. в условиях южной лесостепи Омской области в стационаре лаборатории селекции яровой мягкой пшеницы. Объектом служили сорта из Международного питомника Казахстанско-Сибирской сети улучшения пшеницы (КАСИБ) из 13 селекционных учреждений России и Казахстана. Качество зерна и хлебопекарные свойства оценивались общепринятыми методами. Новый набор сортов и метеорологические условия, сложившиеся в годы исследований, позволили выявить особенности формирования качества зерна у сортов различных учреждений оригинаторов и оценить физические и хлебопекарные свойства зерна этих сортов. Проведённые исследования позволяют сделать следующие выводы: изученные сорта в разной степени различались по формированию качественных показателей зерна и хлебопекарным свойствам. Максимальными по крупности и выполненности зерна следует выделить сорта ОмГАУ. Мелкое и низконатурное зерно формировали сорта Павлодарского НИИСХ. С низкой частотой формирования зерна с повышенным содержанием белка и клейковины характеризовались сорта Актюбинской СХОС, КазНИИЗиР и Карагандинского НИИРиС при показателях не ниже 3-го класса. Максимальной силой муки отличались сорта Карагандинского НИИРиС и агрохолдинга "Кургансемена" с формированием теста, сбалансированного по упругости и растяжимости. По совокупности физических свойств теста, объема и качества хлеба высоким потенциалом хлебопекарного качества обладают сорта Карагандинского НИИРиС, Павлодарского НИИСХ и Омского АНЦ, Актюбинской СХОС, КазНИИЗиР. Сорта Омского АНЦ и агрохолдинга "Кургансемена" отличались максимальным урожаем зерна.

The main recipe component of most types of flour confectionery is wheat flour, the technological properties of which largely effect not only the quality indicators of the finished product, but also the stability of the technological flow of its production. However, today, in Russia there are no specialized requirements for the quality of wheat flour for confectionery, in contrast to the requirements for the baking wheat flour. The article lists the main problems and features of the quality of Russian wheat flour consisting in the absence of target classifications of grain and a decrease in its qualitative potential, in particular, a decrease in the amount of gluten and improvement of its quality. As part of the work, the influence of the technological properties of wheat flour on the rheological parameters of the dough and the quality of sugar cookies, which are traditionally in high demand of population groups of every age, was studied, while the share of domestic products is more than 85%. The work was performed in the laboratory of flour confectionery products of All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Confectionery Industry. The determination of organoleptic, physical and chemical, structural and mechanical indicators of raw materials, semi-finished products and finished products was carried out by standard methods.

The improvement of high-quality grain production remains the most important task for the entire agricultural sector of Russia, including the Far Eastern region. Productivity and grain quality improvement can be achieved by various technical and organizational methods and the correct selection of varieties that are most adapted to environmental conditions. The purpose of the study is to develop a new spring soft wheat variety with high indicators of productivity and grain quality, resistant to unfavorable biotic and abiotic environmental factors and adapted to the conditions of the Far Eastern region. The paper gives the information on the methods of development, the initial parental components, the traits and properties of the new spring wheat variety ‘Anfeya’, submitted to the State Variety Testing and intended for cultivation in the Far Eastern region. This is a variety of a new generation which successfully combines such traits as high productivity, grain quality, coarse grain, immunity to the main common diseases in this ecological zone and resistance to abiotic environmental stressors. The average productivity of the variety ‘Anfeya’ was 3.9 t/ha over the years of competitive testing (2016–2018) with its maximum 5.5 t/ha. The increase to the standard variety ‘Khabarovchanka’ was 1.0 and 2.1 t/ha, respectively. High productivity of the new variety has been provided by an increased grain size. The genetic potential of the promising spring soft wheat variety contributes to the formation of a large protein percentage. According to nutritional value, rheological properties of the dough, technological and baking indicators of grain quality, the new variety ‘Anfeya’ belongs to strong wheats.

The paper features nutritionally enhanced bakery products. N.I. Vavilov Saratov State Agricultural University conducts a series of research on the development of accelerated technologies for nutritionally enhanced bakery products. One of the main objectives of food industry is to develop healthy bakery products. Small power bakeries located in places of high demand are getting very popular. Mini-bakeries specialize in complementing products, e.g. malt rye bread and sweet rolls, as well as dietary, functional, and preventive bakery products. In Russia, apple juice is cheap and available, since apples are extremely widespread. Nevertheless, apple juice is rich in minerals, vitamins, enzymes, and organic acids. The authors developed an accelerated technology for bakery products fortified with apple juice. The technology can be used by small enterprises that would like to expand their product range with the help of domestic fortifiers. The experiment involved samples of cold technology bread, in which water was partially substituted with apple juice. The samples were tested on sensory, physical, and chemical properties. The article describes the effect of apple juice on the structural and mechanical characteristics of the samples, i.e. viscosity, shear velocity, crumb, shelf life, rheological properties, general and plastic deformation, etc. The research revealed that apple juice affects the discoloration of the bakery product, i.e. degree of whiteness, chromaticity, and other color characteristics. Consumer properties were tested by panelists. The experiment defined the nutrition value and chemical composition of the product and established the optimal dosage of apple juice in the formulation, which could maintain the best consumer properties and satisfy the daily requirement for nutrients. Thus, bakery products fortified with apple juice can contribute to the development of baking industry.

Winter wheat is the most important food crop, which has a significant share in the structure of the grain area of Russia. The production of high-quality wheat grain is limited by significant variation and sharp fluctuations of the soil-climatic and other factors both within the regions and through the years. All this negatively affects the amount of productivity and its quality. The development of new varieties with high productivity and at the same time high-quality grain and flour, regardless of growing conditions, is an urgent and present task for plant-breeding. The tasks in the selection work of the FSSP “Prikumskaya Experimental Breeding Station” to increase the adaptive traits were fulfilled due to the development of the new winter wheat varieties which combine better productivity and grain quality. In 2015–2016 the varieties ‘Kadril’, ‘Iridas’ and ‘Korona’ were given to the State Variety Testing. Due to the positive results of testing in the North Caucasus region the new variety ‘Iridas’ was included in the State List of Breeding Achievements in 2019. The variety was obtained as a result of individual selection from the hybrid population ‘Prikumskaya 140’ × ‘Kroshka’. During the years of the State Variety Testing (2017-2018) at the plots of the Stavropol Territory, the variety ‘Iridas’ showed productive advantages in the extremely dry and arid zones compared to the standard varieties ‘Grom’ and ‘Ayvin’ with an increase of 0.31–0.43 t/ha, respectively. The maximum productivity (10.79 t/ha) during the years of testing was obtained at the Stavropol SVTS. The variety’ Iridas’ produces large kernels with high baking characteristics. According to ARCVQE, quality indicators of ‘Iridas’ grain meet the standards for valuable wheat. The protein percentage in the grain is 13.0, gluten percentage is 30.4, IGD is 67.

A comparative assessment of the effect of the addition of broccoli powders (PB) on the quality of wheat flour of the highest grade was carried out. The powders obtained with convective and freeze-drying methods of broccoli varieties Tonus (Russia) and hybrid Maraton F1 (France), had as object of study. It was found that PB varieties Tonus and PB hybrid Maraton F1, introduced into the flour, the same effect on the quality of wheat flour and the properties of the test: do not significantly change the quality of gluten, lead to an increase in water absorption capacity of flour, which causes a more uniform consistency of the dough, an increase in the volume and yield of finished products in production conditions. An increase in the gas-forming ability of wheat flour was revealed when using the PB hybrid Maraton F1 due to the smallest particle size additives (0.14–0.15 mm), which allows us to recommend this powder in the production of bakery products from wheat flour with reduced gas-forming ability. PB cabbage varieties Tonus and hybrid Maraton F1 contribute to increasing the viscosity of water-flour suspension in the process of gelatinization of starch, which justifies their use in the technology of bakery products from flour of reduced quality - with increased activity of amylolytic enzymes. Thus, the possibility of using vegetable powders from domestic raw materials – broccoli cabbage of Tonus variety in the production of bakery products, in particular for correction baking properties of wheat flour, is proved. | Проведена сравнительная оценка влияния добавки порошков из капусты брокколи (ПБ) на показатели качества пшеничной муки высшего сорта. В качестве объекта исследования были порошки, полученные конвективным и лиофильным способами сушки из капусты брокколи сорта Тонус (Россия) и гибрида Маратон F1 (Франция). Установлено, что ПБ сорта Тонус и ПБ гибрида Маратон F1, внесенные в муку, идентично влияют на показатели качества пшеничной муки и свойства теста: существенно не изменяют качества клейковины, приводят к повышению водопоглотительной способности муки, что обусловливает более равномерную консистенцию теста, увеличение объема и выхода готовых изделий в производственных условиях. При использовании ПБ гибрида Маратон F1 выявлено повышение показателя газообразующей способности пшеничной муки за счет наименьших размеров частиц добавки (0,14–0,15 мм), что позволяет рекомендовать этот порошок при производстве хлебобулочных изделий из пшеничной муки с пониженной газообразующей способностью. ПБ сорта Тонус и гибрида Маратон F1 способствуют повышению показателя вязкости водно-мучной суспензии в процессе клейстеризации крахмала, что обосновывает их использование в технологии хлебобулочных изделий из муки пониженного качества – с увеличенной активностью амилолитических ферментов. Таким образом, доказана возможность использования овощных порошков из отечественного сырья – капусты брокколи сорта Тонус - в производстве хлебобулочных изделий, в частности для корректировки хлебопекарных свойств пшеничной муки.