"This bulletin deals with the growing of chicks in houses with commercial brooders and other equipment especially designed for securing rapid chick growth and protecting their health; also with cutting labor costs and growing early-laying pullets."--Page [531].

Eleven cooperative tillage experiments dealing with the eradication of nut grass were conducted on 10 soil types during the growing seasons of 1938 and 1939. The soil types varied from a deep phase of Norfolk sandy loam to Susquehanna very fine sandy loam (having a shallow surface soil and a plastic clay subsoil) and Eutaw clay. Near eradication was obtained by certain tillage treatments on all soil types. Based on tuber counts alone, plowing at intervals of four weeks gave as good results as turning at shorter intervals. When the sprout counts of the final infestation records were taken into consideration, however, it was obvious that plowing at intervals of two or three weeks was more effective. Plowing with a scrape gave results comparable to those obtained with a turn plow. Thus, equipment available on the smallest farming unit can be used successfully to combat nut grass. The disking experiments emphasized the necessity of a suitable disc if this implement is to be used for the control of nut grass. A light, horse-drawn disc was unsatisfactory, but a tractor disc was comparable to a turn plow. The only experiment in which satisfactory control of nut grass was not obtained was one situated on a low, poorly drained area of Eutaw clay. The results indicate that tillage methods should not be used for nut grass control on areas that are likely to remain wet for long periods. The destruction of nut grass by tillage is based on the fact that most of the tubers are located in the upper 6 inches of soil. Tubers isolated by repeated plowing are killed by desiccation and starvation. An occasional tuber below plow depth may live through two successive tillage seasons. These tubers are a source of potential reinfestation. It is believed, however, that any farmer who will plow at regular intervals for two growing seasons to destroy nut grass will complete the eradication of the pest by digging up each tuber as it sprouts the following year. It is concluded that nut grass can be nearly eradicated from soils varying in texture from sandy loam to plastic clay by plowing at intervals of three weeks during two successive growing seasons. If a clean-cultivated crop is planted the following year and if the few remaining tubers are removed as they sprout, the eradication will be complete.

Wild white clover was grown under controlled conditions in the greenhouse to a height of about 4 inches and periodically clipped to a height of about 1/2 inch. Such a procedure probably simulates the maturing physiological conditions of many legumes and corresponds to the defoliation which such plants receive under conditions of good grazing management. It also imposes conditions on the root system similar to those which influence adversely the continuity of the nodules on the roots. This imposition reflects itself in the liberation of the nitrogen through the shedding and simultaneous decomposition of the nodules. This has provided a possible mechanism by which a nonlegume growing in association with a legume may obtain at least a portion of its nitrogen from the latter. Knowing that the nodules usually contain a high content of nitrogen, particular attention was given to the effect of defoliation on their disappearance and reappearance with new growth. It was noted that defoliation like shading, drying out of the soil or maturity of the plant, caused some of the nodules to be shed and subsequently to decay. It was noted also that at the initiation of new growth the starch in the nodules largely disappeared. If this withdrawal were sufficiently severe the nodules became waterlogged and usually disintegrated. This might account for the higher content of nitrogen expressed as percentage of the dry weight in the old nodules as compared to that in the new nodules. The disintegration of the nodules, liberating their high content of nitrogen in the soil, may also account for much of the increase of nitrogen in the nonlegume growing in association with the legume.

The study was of the island of Japen north of Western New Guinea, a wild and undeveloped part of the East Indies.The island had vast forests; in the past some attempts to develop forestry and agriculture failed.The author suggested exploitation of forest by-product copal, obtained by tapping Agathis, a coniferous tree. The natives were already familiar with the tapping of this tree in a very primitive way but organisation had failed. The author suggested growing artificial plantations of Agathis. Transport costs for the Agathis timber seemed too high.Government supervision, organisation and financial support were needed.

The study was of the island of Japen north of Western New Guinea, a wild and undeveloped part of the East Indies.The island had vast forests; in the past some attempts to develop forestry and agriculture failed.The author suggested exploitation of forest by-product copal, obtained by tapping Agathis, a coniferous tree. The natives were already familiar with the tapping of this tree in a very primitive way but organisation had failed. The author suggested growing artificial plantations of Agathis. Transport costs for the Agathis timber seemed too high.Government supervision, organisation and financial support were needed.