The rapid increase in lima bean acreage, the introduction of new varieties, as well as the rapid growth of freezing plants suggested the need for some lima bean trials in 1946.

Southerners have never had a better time to begin to practice forestry. Stumpage prices are up and, in the face of a short and still-decreasing supply of saw timber, may well stay up. The pulpwood market has expanded tremendously during the past decade and promises to continue strong. Fire protection becomes more efficient and widespread each year; thus investments in forests are safer than ever. This paper tells what happened when an abused and depleted stand of loblolly and shortleaf pines and hardwoods was placed under management. It shows that some income can be had while growing stock is being built up. Furthermore, it shows that pine growing stock will produce at a compound interest rate equal or superior to most of the sound investments today. Only a little imagination is needed to recognize opportunities for similar improvement in most other southern woodlands, large or small.

The growth and carbohydrate content of Johnson grass grown in pots were observed over the period of a year. During the early stages of growth, metabolic reactions favored the formation of glucose to support the young sprouts, and carbohydrate reserves in the rhizome were actually depleted before the occurrence of shooting. As the plant developed, sucrose became the predominant carbohydrate and remained so in all parts of the plant well into the growing season. After maturity was reached, the carbohydrate in the top was transported as glucose to the rhizome where it was reconverted to sucrose for winter storage. Considered as a cultivated crop on soils subject to excessive erosion, Johnson grass could easily become an important factor in our soil economy. With this grass, a forage crop is made available which may be pastured or cut for hay or an underground crop furnishing carbohydrates for livestock feeding, sugar and syrup manufacture, or industrial alcohol production. The plant's carbohydrate metabolism in producing seed is the key to the success of control or eradication measures based on prevention of seed formation by repeated early plowing or mowing.

Two hundred and eighty-eight varieties and strains of winter wheat have been tested for resistance to loose smut by artificial inoculation in one or more years at one or more of the experiment stations at Denton, Tex., Manhattan, Kans., and Urbana, Ill. At the first two locations the tests were carried out under field conditions with bulk inoculum collected in nearby wheat-growing areas of each state, respectively, while at Urbana, collections from a wider area were used. Inoculation was effected with a hypodermic needle, using a water suspension of spores at Urbana. At Manhattan, the Moore vacuum spore suspension method was used. At Denton, the vacuum method was used the first five seasons, but during the last two seasons a hypodermic needle attached to a rubber bulb was used to inject dry spores into the spikelet. Pawnee is the only resistant variety of commercial hard red winter wheat available. The rust-resistant strains Kanred X Hope (C. I. 11976) and Hope X Turkey (C. I. 11964) showed low infection percentages at Denton, Tex., two seasons. Several Kawvale-Marquillo X Kawvale-Tenmarq strains were highly resistant at Manhattan and offer considerable promise because they also are resistant to rusts and to hessian fly. Among the soft red winter wheat varieties, the highest resistance was found in Currell, Kawvale (semihard), Leap, Thorne, and Trumbull. These varieties showed high resistance at all three locations. Many other varieties were resistant at one or more of the three stations and may offer possibilities as parental material resistant to certain races of loose smut. A number of Mediterranean X Hope strains, resistant to leaf and stem rust as well as loose smut, are valuable for breeding work in the Texas area. These include the named variety Austin. It is suggested that the most valuable parental material for breeding loose smut resistant varieties include the varieties Pawnee, Kawvale, Currell, Leap, Thorne, and Trumbull. The unnamed strains from the cross of Kawvale-Marquillo X Kawvale-Tenmarq appear of value because they combine resistance to loose smut with resistance to leaf and stem rust and to hessian fly. Likewise, the Kanred X Hope (C. I. 11976), Hope X Turkey (C. I. 11964), and the Mediterranean X Hope strains combine the Hope resistance to loose smut with good leaf and stem resistance. Differences in reaction of varieties at the several locations indicate physiologic race differences in the various inocula used. This suggests that caution should be used in the transfer of infected seed from one wheat-growing area to another to avoid the introduction of physiologic races not previously present there.

Experiments at the Ohio Agricultural Experiment Station are reported, comparing corn planted at different rates, in hills and drills, and on soils of four different productivity levels. The results support the findings of other workers in indicating that as growing conditions become more favorable the optimum stands are higher. They also show that adapted hybrids as a group have higher optimum stands than do open-pollinated varieties of comparable seasonal requirement, probably because of the greater vigor of the hybrids. The difference between the two optima amounts to about 1,800 to 2,000 plants per acre under favorable growing conditions. The effect of stand on grain yields is much greater at high than at low productivity levels. It would follow that where different soil treatments are being studied in field experiments, the planting rate should be the one expected to give an optimum stand for the better treatments. Such a stand would affect the poorer treatments relatively little but would make it possible to measure the full productivity of the better treatments. At optimum stands, the air-dry ears averaged a little more than half a pound each. The great pound-sized ears so often displayed in corn exhibits and sales literature merely indicate inefficient use of a favorable environment for corn. Furthermore, at optimum stands, competition tended to throw some of the plants into near or complete barrenness. Thirty-three hybrids averaged 113.7 bushels per acre with 13% barren or near-barren plants in 1935; and at the rate considered optimum, 60 hybrids averaged 89.1 bushels with 11% barren or near-barren plants in 1936. Tillering decreased rapidly as stands approached the optimum. At comparable stands tillering was much heavier in drilled rows than in checkrowed hills. In 1941 (Table 2) the much higher incidence tillering in the thinner drilled rows was not accompanied by higher yields than in the checkrowed hills of comparable stands. The experiments revealed no consistent relation between rate planting and resultant stand in terms of percentage of seed planted. Weeds were much more abundant where stands were thin in an experiment in 1943. The test weight of grain did not appear to be affected by differences in stand. There are several unfavorable effects of the heavier stands (Table 5). The harvested crop is less attractive because of the smaller ears and the higher proportion of nubbins. The silking period for a stand of five plants per 42 inches of row-space was roughly 2 days later than for a stand of three plants in the same space. This would probably delay maturity by four or five days. Conceivably the less abundant mineral nutrient supply for the individual plants could affect the quality of the grain adversely. The most serious effect of the heavier stands is in the higher incidence of stalk breakage.

A large number of strains have been selected from crosses of winter wheats with either Hope or H-44 (spring wheats). These have been tested in the plot and nursery trials at St. Paul and Waseca, Minn., for their winterhardiness, disease resistance, and milling and baking characteristics. Data from these trials are presented, and in addition data are given on three spring wheats for comparison. Cold resistance tests were made on these strains by growing them in the greenhouse and freezing in low temperature chambers. Correlation coefficients calculated for winter injury in the field versus cold resistance, as determined by the artificial freezing in cold chambers, were low. It may be that all these strains are equally cold resistant or perhaps the field test does not always bring out true differences in cold resistance. Strains have been obtained from these crosses and backcrosses that are relatively satisfactory in yield, winterhardiness, leaf and stem rust resistance, and in milling and baking characteristics. A number of the strains produced from the winter wheat crosses and backcrosses are equal to or superior to three spring wheats in yield, leaf and stem rust resistance, and in certain quality characters. In Montana, progress is being made in the breeding of hardy winter wheats that are resistant both to dwarf and ordinary smut.

Na Seção Técnica de Avicultura e Cunicultura desta Escola foram feitas durante três anos observações sobre o comportamento da raça Light Sussex, em contraste sobretudo com a Rhode I. Red. Verificou-se ser mais precoce no desenvolvimento, mais pesada, de carne mais tenra, de maior intensidade e menor persistência de postura, de menor fertilidade, do maior precocídade de postura, de maior predisposição ao choco e de maiores ovos. Apresenta boas qualidades de adaptação e criação que a tomam muito recomendável para as pequenas criações caseiras ou dos sitios, no mesmo sistema em que é geralmente criada na Inglaterra. Só excepcionalmente convirá a uma granja industrial preocupar-se com sua criação em larga escala. | Three years of observations on Light Sussex breed conducted at the Poultry Departament of "Luiz de Queiroz" School of Agriculture are reported in this paper. The breed was compared mainly with the Rhode Island Red and the following conclusion obtained : The Light Sussex is fast growing, early maturing heavier, fine fleshed, more persistent and with greater dutchs. greater groodiness and lays larger eggs. The breed shows quality of adaptation being recommended for town or farm flocks in the same way generally used in England. Exceptionally could be recommended for commercial flocks.

1. Experiments were conducted at Lamberton, Minn., from 1939 to 1944 to determine the effectiveness of grazing sheep in controlling bindweed on infested land sown to several crops. 2. A combination of fall-sown wheat and rye grazed in May and June, followed by Sudan grass grazed in July and August, consistently eliminated bindweed in two seasons. 3. The grazing of perennial pasture mixtures consisting of alfalfa and bromegrass or alfalfa and reed canarygrass did not eliminate bindweed in any of three experiments. 4. The bindweed was not eradicated in ungrazed plots of rye and wheat harvested for grain, and plots of alfalfa-bromegrass and alfalfa-reed canarygrass mixtures cut for hay. 5. The grazing of pure bindweed reduced the stand somewhat, but this practice was much less effective than was the grazing of infested land on which crops were being grown. 6. Sheep grazed the bindweed in preference to wheat, rye, or Sudan grass. Rye was more palatable than was wheat. They grazed alfalfa, bromegrass, or bindweed without discrimination but preferred these to reed canarygrass. Bindweed growing with wheat, Sudan grass, or rye is grazed in preference to that grown alone in full sunlight. 7. Yields of clipped forage of the crops and crop mixtures used in this investigation were higher than yields from adjacent well-established bluegrass pasture. The crude protein content was high in all of the clipped herbage.