Results from the runoff-erosion plots on claypan soils at McCredie, Missouri, are summarized. With improvement due to fertilization and sod rotations, the performance of these soils approaches that of the better soils of Missouri. Where adequate fertility is supplied the chief advantage of growing corn in a sod-based rotation over continuous corn is the reduction in the time the soil is without protective cover. The critical period found for erosion losses from corn was from the time of seedbed preparation until the growing crop provided an adequate canopy. Erosion losses for rotation corn were about 60% as high as for continuous corn from intense rain storms that occurred during this period. Average soil and water losses from adequately fertilized soil were less for corn in rotation than for continuous corn during the corn growing season. Seedbed preparation by subtillage so as to leave shredded cornstalks on or near the surface reduced erosion losses.

Células de 5. carlsbergensis crescidas em meio de cultura DPE diferenciados apenas em sua principal fonte de carbono (glicose, galactose e maltose) tiveram diferentes comportamentos quando postas a fermentar glicose, galactose, maltose e rafinose, em manômetro de Warburg. Presume-se que sejam enzimas constitutivos para o citado microorganismo, sacarase e hexoquinase e enzimas adaptativos, maltase, alfa-galactosidase e galactowaldenase. | Cells of Saccharomyces carlsbergensis growing in medium DPE and with glucose, or galactose, or maltose have different fermenting capacities for galactose, maltose and raffinose. From these observations we can considered that they have as constitutive enzymes maltase, galactosidase and galactowaldenase.

A study concerning the quality of ramie fiber of the Murakami variet, grown under conditions or not of irrigation, combined or not with chemical fertilizing, and coming from four consecutive urowth periods (summer autunm. winter, and spring) is here reported by the authors. This study was made on samples of chemically degummad fibers obtained from mechanically decorticated crude fiber ribbons. Qualily determinations weremade for fineness and tensile strength of fibers corresponding to the base, middle, and tip sections of the ramie stalks. Concerning the loss of weight by the degumming process, it was found that the lowest occurred in the crude fiber ribbons from the base section of the stalk, and that there was in any case a progressive increase in loss from base to up. Differences in loss for the three fiber positions were highly significant. As regards the treatments and growing seasons, the differences in the loss of weight of the crude fiber ribbons were significantly higher only for not irrigated plot and for autunm and spring plant growths. In relation to fineness, a highly significant difference was found for fiber positions in the stalk, the fiber of the tip section being significantly finer than that of the other two stalk sections. Considering the fiber of the irrigated plot against that of the not-irrigated plot there was a barely significant difference, the fiber of the last treatment being a little finer. The fiber from the winter growth was significantly finer than that of the summer growth, but only a little finer as compared to those of the autunm and spring growths. Tensile strenght differences were highly significant for fibers from the lip and base sections of the stalks, while for growing seasons they were barely significant. Fibers of the tips sections were significantly stronger than those of the base section, but a little stronger when compared with those of the middle section. No difference was found between the fibers of the base and middle sections of the stalk regarding tensile strength. Concerning the season of growth it was found that the fibers from the summer growth were significantly weaker for tensile strength than those of the other growing seasons, mainly as compared to those of the winter growth. Irrigation and fertilizing treatments had no effect on fiber tensile strength. To conclude, it may be stated that if fine and strong fibers were in demand by any ramie mill, it might be practical before degumming to divide at middle the bundles of crude fiber, and to handle the superior half separately, or besides this, to work only with crude fiber ribbons from plant winter growth. These facts must be considered by breeders and fiber technologists in any ramie breeding and selection program or technological studies concerning tiic sampling for comparing fiber characteristics between ramie varieties or fibers coming from distinet producing countries. | Os autores analisam e discutem os resultados dos estudos sôbre os efeitos da irrigação e estação do ano nas características de resistência à tração e de fineza das fibras do rami Murakami, em amostras de fibras desgomadas químicamente e correspondentes às posições base, centro e poiila dos caules.

A trial designed to test a formulation of endrin, arasan, asphalt, and aluminum dust as protection for Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seed against seed-eating rodents produced encouraging results. The seed treatment did not inhibit germination and seemed to provide adequate protection. Although live-trapping proved that rodents were present on the test areas, 83 percent of the seed spots, which were unprotected by screens, and were not destroyed by soil movement, had seed germinate; and 71 percent were stocked at the end of the first growing season. Damage to seed-spots by movement of soil derived from decomposed granite was severe, especially during the first winter. Results suggest that for similar soil types planting may be more efficient than seed -spotting, and that artificial regeneration work should be delayed a year after the last logging disturbance to allow some soil stabilization.

On the eastern slopes of the Cameroon Mountains soils occurring below the 100- metre contour were surveyed on a scale 1:25,000. Most soils are young marine clay soils used for growing bananas, oilpalms, cocoa, rubber and tea. At some places there are lava streams from the mountains.A more general soil survey was made of the younger and older volcanic soils above the 100-metre contour line and a map, scale 1 : 100,000, was produced.The relative age of the various volcanic deposits could be estimated after completing the study of the origin, genesis and distribution of marine soils, that cover volcanic deposits in the lower part of the plain.The discovery of beach walls at different levels formed as a result of differences in sea-levels and gradual rise of the land, helped to solve various soil problems. Most soils are K-deficient, especially young volcanic soils.

Symphylids exhibit complex, seasonal, vertical migrations in soil. The effect of soil moisture content, soil temperature, the presence of plants at the soil surface, feeding cycles, moulting cycles, egg-laying and diurnal rhythms on these migrations were studied. Symphylids migrated in response to changes in soil moisture content and could not survive when soil air was less than 100% R.H. The zone of optimum temperature was 15 to 217° C and survival was limited to the range 27° to 287° C. Food attracted Scutigerella immaculata (Newport) in spite of unfavourable soil conditions, but the animals left the surface soil to moult and lay eggs and during non-feeding phases. No diurnal rhythms were found. Most favourable conditions for symphylids included soil temperature in the range 15-217° C, moist soil and growing plants at the surface.

On the eastern slopes of the Cameroon Mountains soils occurring below the 100- metre contour were surveyed on a scale 1:25,000. Most soils are young marine clay soils used for growing bananas, oilpalms, cocoa, rubber and tea. At some places there are lava streams from the mountains.<p/>A more general soil survey was made of the younger and older volcanic soils above the 100-metre contour line and a map, scale 1 : 100,000, was produced.<p/>The relative age of the various volcanic deposits could be estimated after completing the study of the origin, genesis and distribution of marine soils, that cover volcanic deposits in the lower part of the plain.<p/>The discovery of beach walls at different levels formed as a result of differences in sea-levels and gradual rise of the land, helped to solve various soil problems. Most soils are K-deficient, especially young volcanic soils.

This paper reports the results obtained in sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) field trials carried out at the Tatui Experiment Station, São Paulo State. The trials were designed to study the effect of varieties, spacing x rate of seeding, time of sowing and time of harvesting on sunn hemp fiber production as a raw material for paper pulp. From the results achieved in these trials, the following recommendations can be made for growing sunn hemp as a fiber plant for paper pulp in the State of São Paulo. VARIETY: to use the common variety that is normally sowed for green manuring. TIME OF SOWING: to sow the seeds during october. RATE OF SEED SOWING AND SPACING: to sow the seeds at the rate of 100 lbs/ acre in rows spaced 8 inches apart. TIME OF HARVESTING: to harvest the stalks for mechanical fiber extraction when the seed pods are in the mature stage. | São apresentados e discutidos os resultados de vários experimentos de campo realizados na Estação Experimental de Tatuí, do Instituto Agronômico, com a Crotalaria juncea L. como planta produtora de celulose para papel. Êsses resultados permitem fazer recomendações úteis sôbre o melhoramento técnico da cultura e da produção, no concernente às questões de variedades, espaçamento, densidade de semeação, época de semeação e época de colheita dos caules.

The response of winter rye to hyperphosphate and superphosphate was studied in two field trials, previously carried out for 6 years with other crops. The amount of phosphorus applied to the rye crop in these two fertilizers was 66 kg/ha, the earlier applications amounted to 100 kg/ha. The superiority of superphosphate as a source of phosphorus to winter rye was in the both trials more or less distinct throughout the growing period, as could be shown by the dry matter weight and phosphorus uptake of rye plants from May to the middle of July, and by the actual yield results. It is assumed that an important cause for the superiority of superphosphate may be found in the fact that plants feeding on it are able to grow sprouts vigorous enough to endure the hard conditions of overwintering in our country. Particularly, the devastation caused by the low temperature parasitic fungi was in these two trials distincly decreased by the treatment with superphosphate. The positive effect of hyperphosphate was markedly lower. The soil analyses indicated that the hyperphosphate phosphorus occurred both in the more acid fine sand soil and, especially, in the less acid organic soil mostly in the calcium bound form, whereas the effect of superphosphate could be detected in the somewhat higher test values for aluminum and iron bound phosphorus.