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Agricultural museums in an urban and multicultural society
2009
Brigden, R., University of Reading, (United Kingdom). Museum of English Life
An Econometric Model of Agricultural Wages in Bangladesh 全文
2009
M. Rahman
In recent years, a consensus is emerging in favour of the trickle down hypothesis in traditional agriculture. However, any convincing evidencewas still lacking in the Bangladesh context. To fill up this gap, the wage models of Rahman (1993) and Ravallion (1994) have shown that agricultural production affects rural wages positively in the short run,which may be interpreted to constitute evidence in favour of the trickle down hypothesis in the short run, but any long run evidence could not be discerned. However, this seems to suggest that possibly one required only the right sort of model for the purpose. To this end, this paper an error correction model of rural wages, which shows that agricultural production has significant favorable impact on rural wages in the long run. This may have obvious implications for designing poverty alleviation policies.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Assessing Credit Risk in an Agricultural Loan Portfolio 全文
2009
Pederson, Glenn D. | Zech, Lyubov
We show that agricultural lenders can implement a credit risk model that uses their loan portfolio data and complies with the new Basel Capital Accord without requiring Merton-type model assumptions about underlying asset price volatility. A credit risk model is described and calibrated to the loan portfolio of a farm lender. The model is used to produce plausible estimates of expected loss, unexpected loss, and credit value-at-risk (VaR) at the portfolio and subportfolio (sector) levels. The lender could use these kinds of estimates to meet regulatory requirements or to adjust the level of capital in response to changing economic conditions.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]OPAPA, the Open Academy for Philippine Agriculture
2009
Can Agriculture be a Territorial Resource in Periurban territories? The case of an inter-municipal structure "Volvic Sources et Volcans" 全文
2009
Loudiyi, Salma | Lardon, Sylvie | Lelli, Laurent | Mutations des activités des espaces et des formes d'organisation dans les territoires ruraux (UMR METAFORT) ; Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles de Clermont-Ferrand (ENITAC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-Centre national du machinisme agricole, du génie rural, des eaux et forêts (CEMAGREF) | Ecole Nationale du Génie Rural, des Eaux et des Forêts (ENGREF) | École Nationale Supérieure de Formation de l'Enseignement Agricole de Toulouse-Auzeville (ENSFEA)
Les auteurs retracent un parcours de recherche orienté par des interrogations autour de la place de l’agriculture dans les projets des territoires périurbains. A travers l’analyse des stratégies d’aménagement dans une périphérie d’agglomération moyenne en France (la communauté de communes de Volvic Sources et Volcans), les auteurs montrent comment un projet de territoire se construit autour de l’attractivité économique et de la qualité de l’environnement en niant l’agriculture. Le papier argumente la nécessité de considérer l’agriculture comme une ressource territoriale pour les périphéries d’agglomération et le développement d’un agenda de recherche abordant la gouvernance des territoires péri-urbains et les modalités de prise en compte de l’agriculture en tant que levier pour le développement de ces territoires. | Gli autori si interessano al ruolo assegnato all’agricoltura nella programmazione e pianificazione territoriale riguardante le aree peri-urbane. Attraverso l’analisi delle strategie di gestione della periferia di un centro urbano di medie dimensioni (l’aggregazione di comuni delle “Sorgenti e Vulcani di Vovic”) gli autori mostrano come la costruzione di un piano territoriale attorno all’attrattività economica e alla qualità ambientale non prenda in considerazione alcuna l’agricoltura. Si sostiene quindi la necessità di considerare l’agricoltura come una risorsa per il territorio nelle periferie dei centri urbani e di sviluppare un’agenda di ricerca sulla governance dei territori peri-urbani dove l’agricoltura può rappresentare il volano per lo sviluppo territoriale.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Decomposing changes in agricultural price gaps: an application to Russia 全文
2009
Liefert, William
The article develops a method for decomposing changes in agricultural price gaps, defined as the difference between a commodity's domestic producer and border prices. We use OECD's procedure for decomposing changes in the market price support part of producer support estimates as the starting point for our decomposition method, and our method provides a basis for critiquing OECD's decomposition approach. The transmission of changes in border prices (world prices and the exchange rate) to domestic prices is a key element in the decomposition. The method is demonstrated using Russian agricultural price gaps. The results support the argument that for Russian agriculture during the transition period, the main cause of changes in price gaps has been incomplete transmission of changes in the exchange rate to domestic prices, and where the weak transmission results mainly not from policy intervention, but rather from deficient market conditions, in particular poor market infrastructure. The policy implication is that underdeveloped infrastructure has strongly limited the benefits to the Russian economy from agricultural trade liberalization.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Soil Water and Shallow Groundwater Relations in an Agricultural Hillslope 全文
2009
Logsdon, S. D. | Hernandez-Ramirez, G. | Hatfield, J. L. | Sauer, T. J. | Prueger, J.H. | Schilling, K. E.
Shallow water tables can contribute water for plant use; therefore, plant available water includes not only the water stored in the root zone, but also the water moving up from below the root zone. The purpose of this study was to quantify the amount of water moving upward to the root zone. Automated water content reflectometers were used to monitor soil water content across a landscape in Central Iowa, which had varying shallow water tables. Either manual or automated water table depths were measured. Tipping bucket raingage and eddy covariance evapotranspiration (ET) methods were used to measure rain and evapotranspiration as part of the water balance. Upward water movement ranges were determined from water balance and uncertainties for each component (rain, ET, change in soil water content). In 2006 out of 53 dry days (days that did not have any rain), 37, 43, and 46 d showed net upward flux for shoulder, backslope, and toeslope positions, shown by an uncertainty range that did not overlap zero. In 2007, 37 out of 62 dry days showed net upward flux for the toeslope position. The mean significant net upward flux for dry days was 2.6, 3.2, and 3.1 mm d⁻¹ for the shoulder, backslope, and toeslope positions in 2006, and 2.5 mm d⁻¹ for the toeslope position in 2007. Mean ET on nonrain days was 4.0 and 4.1 mm d⁻¹ in 2006 and 2007. Automated equipment used to develop a water balance approach provided a quantitative approach to estimate net upward soil water flux in agricultural fields.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]An Overview of Computational Modeling in Agricultural and Resource Economics
2009
Nolan, J. | Parker, D. | Kooten, G.C. van | Berger, T.
"Eating is an agricultural act" : community supported agriculture (CSA) in Norway
2009
Grande, Elin Rømo
Impact of Sedimentation on Wetland Carbon Sequestration in an Agricultural Watershed 全文
2009
McCarty, Gregory | Pachepsky, Yakov | Ritchie, Jerry
Landscape redistribution of soil C is common within agricultural ecosystems. Little is known about the effects of upland sediment deposition on C dynamics within riparian wetlands. To assess sedimentation impact, we obtained profile samples of wetland soil and used the combination of ¹³⁷Cs, ²¹⁰Pb, and ¹⁴C chronological markers to determine rates of C sequestration and mineral deposition over the history of a wetland within a first-order catchment under agricultural management in the coastal plains of the United States. Substantial post settlement deposition in the wetland soil was evidenced in places by a 20- to 40-cm layer of mineral soil that buried the original histosol. Soil profiles contained a minimum in C content within the top 35 cm of the profile which originated from a rapid deposition from low C upland soils. Radiocarbon and radioisotope dating showed that increases in C above this minimum were the result of C sequestered in the past ∼50 yr. Modeling the kinetics of modern C dynamics using the ¹³⁷Cs and ²¹⁰Pb markers within these surface profiles provides strong evidence for accelerated C sequestration associated with mineral sediment deposition in the ecosystem. These findings indicate that at the landscape scale, dilution of ecosystem C by import of low C upland sediment into wetlands stimulates C sequestration by pulling soil C content below some pedogenic equilibrium value for the ecosystem. They also indicate that over the history of the wetland, rates of C accretion may be linked to mineral soil deposition.
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