The stock assessment data provided by ICES’s Arctic Fisheries Working Group represents a unique source of insight into the interplay between environmental factors, stock dynamics, fisheries and management decisions. This paper explores how the life history of year-classes constituting the Northeast Arctic cod stock could be used as performance measures for fisheries management. Five biological indicators are suggested for management evaluation, together with time series of environmental variables (ocean temperature and salinity). A brief evaluation of the indicator values indicates successful management of the cod stock, where most of the indicators develop in a positive direction, reflecting a sound stock situation in line with expressed management objectives.

The search of a practical method to analyze cis-diol-containing compounds outside laboratory settings remains a substantial scientific challenge. Herein, a smartphone-based colorimetric reader was coupled with a remote server for rapid on-site analysis of catechols. A smallest-scale 2×2 colorimetric sensor array composed of pH indicators and phenylboronic acid was configured. The array was able to distinguish 13 catechols at 6 serial concentrations, through simultaneous treatment via principal component analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis, and linear discriminant analysis. After both the discriminatory power of the array and the prediction ability of the partial least squares quantitative models were proved to be predominant, the smartphone was coupled to the remote server. All the ΔRGB data were uploaded to the remote server wherein linear discriminant analysis and partial least squares processing modules were established to provide qualitative discrimination and quantitative calculation, respectively, of the analytes in real time. The applicability of this novel method to a real-life scenario was confirmed by the on-site analysis of various catechols from a water sample of the Yangtze River; the feedback result in the smartphone showed the method was able to identify the catechols with 100% accuracy and predict the concentrations to within 0.706–2.240 standard deviation.

Modern manufacturing enterprises have a quite complex structure of functioning and management. Moreover, they mostly focused on the issue of not one but several types of products. In this case, there are difficulties of issues to determine the costs of each item of finished goods, and especially of the values of intermediate components of production (semi-finished). Non-obvious is the level of influence on these costs, investments and capital investments, which are related to the acquisition of all types of resources, investment, maintenance of production equipment, its operation (for example, thermodynamic irreversibility of implemented processes in the production process). Thus, now there is a need to create a tool to solve the problems related to complex energy systems that cannot be solved through conventional energy analysis. Under the proposed analysis model for each element of the technical system, its elements, or the whole system equations are compiled, the left side of which grouped all incoming financial flows, and the right side – financial flows leaving the system. Auxiliary equations are of particular importance for determination of the specific values. Their calculates allow to determine the value of the intermediate product industries, and do not change the management decisions even in case of complete failure of production of any end product produced. The proposed method, which is based on justified costs per unit of exergy of mass, heat and work output streams of each element, enables to identify inefficient processes and their impact on the economy of the whole enterprise, that is to carry out a thermo-economic diagnosis of the production process, to evaluate different variants of technical solutions in the design and operation of production facilities from the point of view of profitability. With the proposed method it becomes possible to clarify the costs throughout the technology from the input streams (raw materials) to final products.

Various indices established on a portable SPAD-502 meter can serve as indicators of the nitrogen status of a plant. We compared di-positional SPAD readings and indices with several reliable nitrogen indicators during vegetative growth stage of rice (Oryza sativa L.) and developed a prediction model for diagnosing nitrogen status. Three field experiments were conducted in Jiangsu province of east China during 2013 and 2014. Different nitrogen application rates were used to generate contrasting conditions of nitrogen availability in three Japonica, Wuyunjing 19, Yongyou 8, and Wuyunjing 24, and one Indica rice hybrid, Yliangyou 1. The SPAD values of the uppermost four fully expanded leaves were measured from tillering to heading stages, and these values were further used to calculate the normalized SPAD index (NSI), relative SPAD index (RSI), difference SPAD index (DSI), relative difference SPAD index (RDSI), and normalized difference SPAD index (NDSI). Five hills from each plot were simultaneously sampled, and four nitrogen indicators, including leaf nitrogen concentration (LNC), plant nitrogen concentration (PNC), plant nitrogen accumulation (NA), and nitrogen nutrition index (NNI), were measured. The results of linear correlations among the SPAD and nitrogen indicators indicated that NSI of the fourth fully expanded leaf from top (NSI4) was the most reliable and generally applicable SPAD indicator. In total, 24 potential single-stage and duration models were established, taking into consideration the fact that duration models covering the period from stem elongation to booting stages are more robust, two duration diagnostic models (Model 1: NA=0.0279e8.6957NSI4, R2=0.730**, n=45; Model 2: NNI=0.0163e4.13NSI4, R2=0.767**, n=45, NSI4=0.80–1.00) were developed and calibrated. Both models can provide accurate and appropriate N diagnosis from the stem elongation to booting growth stages for rice production.

The herbaceous plants organic characterize Ellenberg et al. worked out (1991), well-use system, which is updated with herbaceous and woody plant in the Hungarian flora species, so Soó (1964-1985), Zólyomi et al. (1967), Précsényi (1986) and Simon (1988) also addressed by different aspects of this problem circuits. The author is the first extended-Borhidi –Ellenberg’s system of wild fruit species (Surányi 2000, 2006) and cultivated of fruit (Surányi 2014) as well. Additional considerations there were aspects of the study of fruit varieties, these biological indicators following open pollination, frost tolerance, resistance of Sharka virus and disease   susceptibility for. Firstly, we introduced a system for improving it a plum species and cultivars (Surányi 2015). In this case we used the new system among species and varieties of apricots, because diversity was able to express significantly. Especially the SB, WB, NB, and the relative biological value figures showed the variety. RB (reaction figures) fluctuated only slightly among the 463 varieties, but the dynamic difference between the 11’s was an indicator for the characterization of apricots. If the comparison performed plum and apricot variety’s level anyway justified the use of 11 kinds of organic and biological indicators.

Biodiversity indicators based on several taxons help identify the range of pressures on coastal dunes. Sfécologie-2016, International Conference of Ecological Sciences

Biodiversity indicators based on several taxons help identify the range of pressures on coastal dunes. Sfécologie-2016, International Conference of Ecological Sciences

In a course of the research there was studied the quality indicators of meat calves received silage with preservative-dressing. For preserving of forage the conservants based on organic acids (formic, propionic, benzoic) were used. On the basis of the Institute of Nature Management of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus was developed eco-friendly, cheap preservative dressing ensilage based on peat. The efficiency of feeding silage with preservative-dressing was carried out by employees of Scientific Practical Center of National Academy of Sciences for Animal in terms of &#039 | Научно практический центр НАНБ по животноводству&#039 | Александрия Arpo&#039 | в условиях ОАО &#039 | Сообщается о качественных показателях мяса бычков, получавших силос с консервантом обогатителем. Для консервирования кормов используются консерванты на основе органических кислот (муравьиная, пропионовая, бензойная). На базе ГНУ ‘Института природопользования Национальной Академии наук Беларуси’ был разработан экологичный, дешевый консервант обогатитель силосованных кормов на основе торфа. Изучение эффективности скармливания силоса с консервантом-обогатителем проводилось сотрудниками РУП &#039 | , Kamenets district of Brest region on the young cattle of black-motley breed with 6 month age, average live weight of 170 kg. Animals in the first control group received a basic ration of silage grass-legume without preservative-dressing Animals of the second experimental group - the main diet of silage grass-legume with preservative-dresser on the basis of peat. According to the physical-chemical and bacteriological parameters studied samples of the meat of calves, which fed silage grass-legume with a preservative-dresser, matched good quality product. The test products were harmless to the test organisms ciliates Tetrahimena piriformis. Abnormalities in the morphological structure, the nature of the movement, growth and development of protozoa were observed. Relative biological value of the meat of calves of the experimental group was higher by 5.3%. | Каменецкого района Брестской области на молодняке крупного рогатого скота черно-пестрой породы с 6-месячноп возраста, средней живой массой 170 кг. Животные I контрольной группы получат с основным рационом силос злаково-бобовый без консерванта-обогатителя животные II опытной группы - с основным рационом силос злаково-бобовый c консервантом-обогатителем на основе торфа. По физико-химическим и бактериологическим показателям исследуемые образцы мяса бычков, получавших силос злаково-бобовый с консервантом-обогатителем, соответствовали доброкачественному продукту. Исследуемые продукты являлись безвредными для тест-организмов инфузорий Тетрахимена пириформис. Отклонений в морфологической структуре, характере движения, росте и развитии простейших не наблюдалось. Относительная биологическая ценность мяса бычков опытной группы была выше на 5.3%. | Alexandria Arpo&#039

IndiSeas (“Indicators for the Seas”) is a collaborative international working group that was established in 2005 to evaluate the status of exploited marine ecosystems using a suite of indicators in a comparative framework. An initial shortlist of seven ecological indicators was selected to quantify the effects of fishing on the broader ecosystem using several criteria (i.e., ecological meaning, sensitivity to fishing, data availability, management objectives and public awareness). The suite comprised: (i) the inverse coefficient of variation of total biomass of surveyed species, (ii) mean fish length in the surveyed community, (iii) mean maximum life span of surveyed fish species, (iv) proportion of predatory fish in the surveyed community, (v) proportion of under and moderately exploited stocks, (vi) total biomass of surveyed species, and (vii) mean trophic level of the landed catch. In line with the Nagoya Strategic Plan of the Convention on Biological Diversity (2011–2020), we extended this suite to emphasize the broader biodiversity and conservation risks in exploited marine ecosystems. We selected a subset of indicators from a list of empirically based candidate biodiversity indicators initially established based on ecological significance to complement the original IndiSeas indicators. The additional selected indicators were: (viii) mean intrinsic vulnerability index of the fish landed catch, (ix) proportion of non-declining exploited species in the surveyed community, (x) catch-based marine trophic index, and (xi) mean trophic level of the surveyed community. Despite the lack of data in some ecosystems, we also selected (xii) mean trophic level of the modelled community, and (xiii) proportion of discards in the fishery as extra indicators. These additional indicators were examined, along with the initial set of IndiSeas ecological indicators, to evaluate whether adding new biodiversity indicators provided useful additional information to refine our understanding of the status evaluation of 29 exploited marine ecosystems. We used state and trend analyses, and we performed correlation, redundancy and multivariate tests. Existing developments in ecosystem-based fisheries management have largely focused on exploited species. Our study, using mostly fisheries independent survey-based indicators, highlights that biodiversity and conservation-based indicators are complementary to ecological indicators of fishing pressure. Thus, they should be used to provide additional information to evaluate the overall impact of fishing on exploited marine ecosystems.

Animal welfare is a priority for modern zoos and science-based welfare indicators are needed. Welfare indicators can be divided into environment-based and animal-based indicators. Environment-based indicators are usually easier to measure, but only animal-based indicators provide direct information on the welfare of animals and are therefore preferred. Animal-based indicators include abnormal behaviours; changes in the frequency, duration or intensity of normal behaviours; disease prevalence or incidence; life span; body condition, physiological parameters; telomere length; and keeper ratings. Some of the abnormal behaviours most commonly used to assess welfare are stereotypies, apathy, regurgitation-reingestion and feather-damaging behaviour. Changes in sleep, feed intake, rumination, displacement behaviours, anticipatory behaviour, play, affiliative behaviour, aggression and maternal behaviour can also be used to assess welfare in zoo animals. There is no single indicator that can provide all the information needed to assess the welfare of an animal or group of animals. Further, all potential welfare indicators have shortcomings and methodological limitations. Therefore, several indicators have to be used to assess zoo animal welfare and they should be checked for validity, reliability and feasibility. Also, both positive and negative indicators of welfare should be used. One area deserving further research is the development of welfare assessment protocols that combine the best indicators for a given species or taxonomic group. Some of the protocols developed for farm animals could be applied to zoo animals. Most research on welfare assessment of zoo animals refers to mammals and birds and identification of welfare indicators for reptiles, fish and amphibians is another research priority.