Spring rye proved to be slightly earlier than spring wheat. The straw of spring rye was longer and weaker than that of spring wheat, on the other hand it was shorter and stiffer than that of winter rye. The yielding capacity of spring rye was only about 2/3 of that of both spring wheat and winter rye. The kernel properties of spring and winter rye proved about equal. Because of its low yielding capacity spring rye can not be recommended for cultivation on productive soils in South Finland.

Corn and wheat were germinated at different concentrations of various fertilizers in growth chambers. Three temperature levels were maintained in the controlled tests. The fertilizers ranked in the following order with decreasing detrimental effects on the germination of corn: anhydrous ammonia, urea, nitrate of soda, muriate of potash, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, 6-12-12 fertilizer, sulfate of potash, 48% superphosphate, and 20% superphosphate. The fertilizers ranked in the following order with decreasing detrimental effects on the germination of wheat: anhydrous ammonia, urea, muriate of potash, nitrate of soda, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, sulfate of potash, 6-12-12 fertilizer, 48% superphosphate, and 20% superphosphate. Corn was tolerant to a higher salt concentration than was wheat. The nitrogen and potash fertilizers were more detrimental to germination than were the phosphate fertilizers. The temperatures studied had no significant effect on the tolerance of corn and wheat to salt concentration. Corn did not germinate at 50° F.

By transmission tests C. obscurella was shown to transmit the wheat striate mosaic virus from wheat to wheat and the oat sterile-dwarf virus from oats to oats. In C. obscurella the incubation times of these viruses seem to be as long as in C. pellucida. In its life cycle and distribution, C. obscurella closely resembles C. pellucida. In Finland the former is earlier but on the whole scarcer than C. pellucida. The ability of C. obscurella to transmit viruses seems to be similar to that of C. pellucida Being scarcer, C. obscurella is obviously of less importance than C. pellucida as a vector of cereal viruses. Locally, it may, perhaps, be of some importance.

SynopsisPhorate, an organic phosphate chemical, when seeded with wheat in a granular form controlled the hessian fly and stimulated fall forage growth. Seed treatments with phorate reduced stands and decreased fall forage yields and grain yields. Small reductions in germination and forage yields were obtained when phorate was applied as a fertilizer additive.