The seeds of the elite lines have been distributed through IWWIP international nurseries framework and available via the website (see evidence link).

The synthetic germplasm has been developed, characterized, published and offered to CIMMYT cooperators through IWWIN (International Winter Wheat Improvement Network). The seeds have been deposited to CIMMYT Gene bank and shared with several breeding and research programs. The new varieties are now available through here: http://www.iwwip.org/Nursery

The article considers opportunities and results of winter wheat cultivation using different methods of tillage under insufficient and unstable humidity of the south of Russia. The experiments were carried out as steady trials with the use of different machinery able to cultivate the soil for winter wheat at various depth, including non-tillage variants.  We have obtained the results of biometric characteristics of winter wheat and its productivity in the conditions of 2012-2013 years. The analysis of received data shows that biometric characteristics of winter wheat vary depending on variants of tillage. Winter wheat grown on the cultivated soil showed poor biometric characteristics and reduced its productivity on 20-30% in comparison with a non-tillage variant.   A correlation analysis has been carried out to determine effect of tillage on winter wheat biometric characteristics and on productivity. Such characteristics as mass of straw with spike, number of productive spikes, mass of grain, number of seeds per spike possess a significant statistic correlation (the co-efficient is more than±0,815). Winter wheat gave its largest yields in non-tillage variants. It exceeded its productivity in non-tillage variants on 13-29% which tells about potential of the studied technology of winter wheat production and the correlation analysis proves it. The correlation between winter wheat biometric characteristics and productivity in a non-tillage variant is determined by a co-efficient of correlation of 0,739-1,0. The total influence of considered winter wheat biometric characteristics on its productivity was assessed by a co-efficient of multiple correlation (R) and a co-efficient of determination R2, which were 0,886-0,999 and 0,784-0,999 for low power methods of tillage.

The article considers opportunities and results of winter wheat cultivation using different methods of tillage under insufficient and unstable humidity of the south of Russia. The experiments were carried out as steady trials with the use of different machinery able to cultivate the soil for winter wheat at various depth, including non-tillage variants.  We have obtained the results of biometric characteristics of winter wheat and its productivity in the conditions of 2012-2013 years. The analysis of received data shows that biometric characteristics of winter wheat vary depending on variants of tillage. Winter wheat grown on the cultivated soil showed poor biometric characteristics and reduced its productivity on 20-30% in comparison with a non-tillage variant.   A correlation analysis has been carried out to determine effect of tillage on winter wheat biometric characteristics and on productivity. Such characteristics as mass of straw with spike, number of productive spikes, mass of grain, number of seeds per spike possess a significant statistic correlation (the co-efficient is more than±0,815). Winter wheat gave its largest yields in non-tillage variants. It exceeded its productivity in non-tillage variants on 13-29% which tells about potential of the studied technology of winter wheat production and the correlation analysis proves it. The correlation between winter wheat biometric characteristics and productivity in a non-tillage variant is determined by a co-efficient of correlation of 0,739-1,0. The total influence of considered winter wheat biometric characteristics on its productivity was assessed by a co-efficient of multiple correlation (R) and a co-efficient of determination R2, which were 0,886-0,999 and 0,784-0,999 for low power methods of tillage.

Winter wheat plays a leading part in food security of RF. Though winter wheat productivity greatly increased, the share of food wheat in domestic import doesn’t exceed 20%.  As there is a great need of competitive goods on a world market, grain quality increase is a key purpose of agriculture. The major factors promoting high productivity and quality of winter wheat are adaptive technologies based on the principles of agricultural biologization. We carried out the assessment of the factors of biologization, greatly influencing on productivity and harvesting winter wheat grain of high quality. It was shown that present winter wheat varieties possessing a high productive potential largely depend on weather conditions during vegetation. We studied the response of new geno types and selected some adapted winter wheat varieties during growing in arid forestry steppe parts of Central Chernozemie of RF. It was established that a choice of varieties adapted to local conditions gives a stable yield (more than 5,0 t/ha) with a gluten content 24-28% and a protein content 13,2-14,8%. We determined the effect of intended use of clover and ‘Timofeevskaya’ grass mixture on productivity and quality of winter wheat. Plowing of clover and ‘Timofeevskaya’ grass mixture and partial fertilizing increase productivity and quality of winter wheat grain that meet the requirements of the 3-d class of GOST.

The results of a comparative evaluation of winter and spring wheat genetic material in the soil and climatic conditions of the Middle Priamurye Region are presented. Eight varieties of winter wheat bred in Zernograd Agricultural Research Institute were compared to varieties and lines of spring wheat bred in the Far East Agricultural Research Institute. It was found that regional conditions meet winter wheat biological requirements completely and are favorable for productivity features. Under optimal hydrothermal conditions, the productivity of winter wheat varieties is within 30.6–58.4 dt ha–¹, which is 22.3–75.0% higher than spring wheat’s due to a higher 1000 seed weight. On average over the years of research, 1000 seed weight of winter wheat was 35.0–41.0 g, while that of spring wheat was 29.7–36.6 g. In the local conditions, spring wheat’s grain quality is higher than that of winter wheat varieties. Spring wheat varieties and breeding lines surpass winter wheat crops in protein content by 2.5%.

Winter wheat plays a leading part in food security of RF. Though winter wheat productivity greatly increased, the share of food wheat in domestic import doesn’t exceed 20%.  As there is a great need of competitive goods on a world market, grain quality increase is a key purpose of agriculture. The major factors promoting high productivity and quality of winter wheat are adaptive technologies based on the principles of agricultural biologization. We carried out the assessment of the factors of biologization, greatly influencing on productivity and harvesting winter wheat grain of high quality. It was shown that present winter wheat varieties possessing a high productive potential largely depend on weather conditions during vegetation. We studied the response of new geno types and selected some adapted winter wheat varieties during growing in arid forestry steppe parts of Central Chernozemie of RF. It was established that a choice of varieties adapted to local conditions gives a stable yield (more than 5,0 t/ha) with a gluten content 24-28% and a protein content 13,2-14,8%. We determined the effect of intended use of clover and ‘Timofeevskaya’ grass mixture on productivity and quality of winter wheat. Plowing of clover and ‘Timofeevskaya’ grass mixture and partial fertilizing increase productivity and quality of winter wheat grain that meet the requirements of the 3-d class of GOST.

Agricultural production is increasingly based on monoculture farming in Lithuania, which inevitably exacerbates the problems caused by a rising incidence of soil borne diseases. Take-all (Gaeumannomyces graminis), formerly a minor disease, has become common causing substantial damage to winter wheat and winter barley. The aim of the present study was to analyze the influence of different rotation sequences on take-all occurrence and to investigate disease control options with seed treatment fungicides fluquinconazole and silthiofam during the 2014–2015 growing seasons. The total amount of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici (Ggt) and G. graminis var. avenae (Gga) DNA in the roots of winter wheat seedlings grown in the soil collected from different rotations was measured. Significantly higher DNA concentrations of Ggt/Gga were detected in the roots of seedlings grown in the soil of winter barley monoculture, compared to the winter wheat monoculture. Comparable amount of Ggt/Gga DNA in winter wheat seedlings was determined in the soil of winter wheat monoculture and winter wheat after oil seed rape (OSR) in both seasons, while in the second winter wheat it was considerably lower. Higher take-all incidence and disease index were established in winter barley than in winter wheat monoculture. Nevertheless in the rotation with one-year OSR, take-all incidence and disease index were significantly reduced compared to the monoculture and second winter wheat. The highest grain yield of winter wheat in both years was achieved in the rotation with OSR. The tested seed treatment fungicides fluquinconazole and silthiofam resulted in a significant reduction in take-all occurrence and a slight increase in grain yield. The findings of this study demonstrate that the OSR was the most valuable tool for management of take-all in wheat.

Winter wheat is the most important food crop in Russia, having significant value in grain production. It uses bioclimatic potential of the regions better and gives stable grain harvests. The basic purpose of the farmers is to get better harvests of winter wheat with high technological properties. The complex of agricultural methods for winter wheat is determined by the predecessor. It influences on soil fertility and on moisture reserves in a root zone. Such scientists as N.N. Borodin (1976), I.G. Kalinenko (1979), V.A. Alabushev (1987), I.I. Galichenko (2011) and others recon that ‘black’ fallow ground gives the highest harvests of winter wheat, as it largely supplies plants with water and nutrients, improves phytosanitary conditions, reduces soil weediness. The tasks of primary importance are to develop and improve optimal technological methods of winter wheat growing with the best predecessors. The problem is to find the best correlation between ‘black’ fallow and cropped fallow that will guarantee to get high productivity of winter wheat. It is established that the best predecessor of winter wheat is weedfree fallow. The productivity of the crop after weedfree fallow was higher on 1,27 t/ha compared with non-fallow predecessors.

The after-effects of pre-preceding crops (second year), i.e. legumes and spring wheat, and nitrogen fertilization rate (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg N/ha) on the yield and chemical composition of winter wheat grain were analysed in a field experiment conducted in 2013-2015. Winter wheat was characterized by higher yield when sown after blue lupine (increase of 0.23 t/ha) and faba beans with a determinate growth habit (increase of 0.37 t/ha) than after spring wheat. Grain yield increased significantly with a rise in nitrogen fertilization rate (by 2.03, 3.47 and 4.02 t/ha, respectively). The species of pre-preceding crops had no significant effect on the phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and calcium content of winter wheat grain. Winter wheat grown after faba beans with an indeterminate growth habit was most abundant in nitrogen. The applied nitrogen fertilizer rates did not modify the concentrations of phosphorus, magnesium and calcium in winter wheat grain. The nitrogen content of grain increased significantly with a rise in nitrogen fertilization rates. A significant increase in manganese and zinc levels was observed when spring wheat was the pre-preceding crop and the iron content of grain increased significantly when winter wheat was grown after peas and blue lupine.