Amongst the sport dietary supplements, those manufactured with whey protein (WP) represent an important amino acid source. However, as a result of product lack of uniformity, the nutritional quality of this type of product is uncertain. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the protein quality of WP supplements produced by U.S. (WP-USA), and Brazilian companies (WP-BRA), evaluating the in vitro protein digestibility, and the essential amino acid (EEA) composition. In addition, the amino acid (AAS) and protein digestibility-corrected amino acid (PDCAAS) scores were calculated. Although WP-USA supplement exhibited greater (P < 0.05) digestibility than WP-BRA counterparts, both WP supplements exhibited greater (P < 0.05) digestibility than soy and caseinate isolate supplements, which were used as reference. Considering the WHO/FAO/UNU protein standard for non-athletic adult, the WP-USA and WP-BRA supplements scored high AAS. In addition, the PDCAAS values on both supplement groups were >1.0, with exception of threonine and valine in WP-USA, and isoleucine and leucine in WP-BRA. However, when the calculated AAS and PDCAAS based on the suggestion for adult athletes were considered, both supplements exhibited suboptimal score values for several EAA. In addition, both WP-USA and WP-BRA supplements were unable to supply the suggested adult athlete EAA requirement.

The grain legume Australian sweet lupin (Lupinus angustifolius; ASL) is gaining international interest as a functional food ingredient; however its addition to refined wheat bread has been shown to decrease bread volume and textural quality, the extent of which is influenced by ASL variety. The present study evaluated the effects of ASL incorporation (20% of total flour) of the six commercial varieties; Belara, Coromup, Gungurru, Jenabillup, Mandelup and Tanjil, on the level of nutritional, phytochemical and bioactive composition and protein quality of refined wheat flour bread. Protein, dietary fiber, phenolic and carotenoid content, antioxidant capacity and protein digestibility corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS) were higher (p &lt; 0.05), whereas available carbohydrate level was lower (p &lt; 0.05) in ASL–wheat breads than the wheat-only bread, regardless of the ASL variety used. In addition, the blood-glucose lowering bioactive peptide γ-conglutin was detected in all ASL–wheat breads but not in wheat-only bread. The ASL variety used significantly (p &lt; 0.05) affected the dietary fiber, fat, available carbohydrates and polyphenolic level, the antioxidant capacity and the PDCAAS of the ASL–wheat breads. These findings demonstrate the potential nutritional and health benefits of adding ASL to refined wheat bread and highlight the importance of selecting specific ASL varieties to maximise its nutritional attributes.

Porcine blood may be used in meat processing as source of protein for human consumption. This study aimed to analyze the chemical composition and protein quality (chemical score, protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score, digestibility, and protein efficiency) of mortadellas formulated by replacing different levels (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20%) of meat by carbon monoxide-treated (CO-treated) porcine blood. The mortadellas showed chemical score above 1, digestibility values above 90% and their protein digestibility corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS) did not differ (P > 0.05). The protein efficiency ratio (PER) and the net protein ratio (NPR) values of the mortadella diets did not differ from those of the casein control diet. It is concluded that, regardless of the level of blood addition, mortadellas have high protein quality and digestibility. Therefore, from the nutritional point of view, meat replacement with up to 20% of CO-treated blood is nutritionally adequate for being used in sausage production.

Rice bran protein (RBP) was prepared by alkali extraction and isoelectric precipitation from defatted rice bran. The protein quality of RPB was evaluated and compared to two vegetable proteins [soy protein (ISP) and rice endosperm protein (REP)] and two animal proteins [whey protein (WPI) and casein]. RPB contained 74.93% of protein and its pepsin digestibility and KOH solubility were 89.8% and 91.5%, respectively.In Sprague-Dawley rats, RBP showed protein efficiency ratio, net protein ratio, net protein utilisation, and biological value of 2.39, 3.77, 70.7, and 72.6, which were comparable to the qualities of animal proteins. The true digestibility of RBP (94.8%) was significantly higher than that of REP (90.8%), ISP (91.7%) and WPI (92.8%) and the same as that of casein. Protein digestibility corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS) of RBP was 0.90. These results suggest that rice bran protein appears to be a promising protein source with good biological values and digestibility.

Investigación realizada con la finalidad de evaluar el estado nutricional, perfil lipídico y cifras de tensión arterial en vegetarianos de la Iglesia Adventista del Séptimo Día Movimiento de Reforma con sede principal en la provincia de Tungurahua. Estudio transversal no experimental, realizado en 39 mujeres y 30 hombres. Se tomó datos bioquímicos, antropométricos, clínicos y de consumo alimentario. Obteniendo el 95% lleva una dieta ovo lacto vegetariana, 42% tienen sobrepeso-obesidad, 45% presenta riesgo metabólico aumentado, 61% tiene exceso de masa grasa, 23% masa muscular baja. En cuanto a parámetros clínicos el 5,7% presentan hipertensión arterial grado 1, el 1,4% presentan pre-hipertensión y un 1,4% presión arterial baja. El 24% de la población presentó colesterol total alto y 36% triglicéridos elevados. Según la adecuación alimentaria, el mayor porcentaje de población, presentó insuficiente aporte de energía 46% el fin de semana y un 36% alto de energía entre semana. El 86% tiene una insuficiente ingesta de proteínas, que se corrigió por el valor del escore de una proteína según la digestibilidad proteica (PDCAAS). El 88% tiene consumo insuficiente de grasas y 72% en exceso de carbohidratos. Se acepta la hipótesis parcialmente debido a que se encontró un efecto positivo en el estado nutricional e hipertensión arterial y pre-hipertensión (5,7%; 1,4%) respectivamente, en relación a la media del país (9,3%; 37,2%) y de sobrepeso-obesidad (41%) en comparación con lo registrado en ENSANUT-ECU 2011-2013 que fue de 62,8%.Se recomienda realizar investigaciones de este tipo en el resto del país. | This is investigation in order to assess nutritional status, lipid profile and blood pressure levels in vegetarians of the Seventh Day Adventist Reform Movement with headquarters in the province of Tungurahua. This is a non-experimental cross-sectional study on 30 women and 30 men. Biochemical, clinical and anthropometric data about food consumption was taken. The following results were obtained: 95% carries a lacto ovo vegetarian diet, 42% are overweight-obesity, 45% have increased metabolic risk, 61% have excess fat mass, 23% of low muscle mass. In terms of clinical parameters 5, 7% have hypertension grade 1, a 1, 4% have pre hypertension and 1, 4% lower blood pressure. A 24% of the population had high total cholesterol and high triglycerides 36%, according to food matching the highest percentage of the population present insufficient supply of energy, a 46% on weekend and 36% higher energy input during the week. An 86% have an inadequate intake of protein it was corrected by the value of score of a protein by protein digestibility PDCAAS. An 88% have an insufficient fat intake and 72% have a carbohydrate excess. The hypothesis is accepted partly due a to a positive effect on the nutritional status and blood pressure and hypertension and a pre hypertension found (5,7;1,4%) respectively related to the national average (9,3%;37,2%) and overweight-obese compared to 41% recorded in ENSANUT ECU 2011-2013 WAS 62,8%. It is recommends to do this type of investigations in the rest of the country.

Di Indonesia, populasi kerbau sebagian besar adalah kerbau lumpur dan hanya sedikit kerbau sungai yang banyak terdapat di Sumatera Utara. Peternakan kerbau sungai di Sumatera Utara diusahakan oleh peternak rakyat dengan manajemen pemeliharan tradisional yang mengarah kepada biaya minimal, bukan pada efisiensi usaha dalam optimalisasi produksi dan teknologi pengolahan pada produk sehingga masih belum mementingkan kualitas produk. Konsumen susu kerbau memang masih terbatas, namun peluang pengembangan produk olahan dari susu kerbau cukup besar. Di Indonesia, keju Mozarella merupakan keju mulur segar (Fresh stretched cheese) yang dihasilkan dari susu sapi namun saat ini masih belum diproduksi dari susu kerbau. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari karakteristik susu dan keju Mozarella dari kerbau di Sumatera Utara. Susu kerbau diambil dari kerbau sungai laktasi di tiga peternakan yang terletak di tiga kecamatan yaitu Patumbak, Lubuk Pakam dan Siborong-borong. Peubah yang diukur adalah kualitas susu, asam lemak, asam amino, kualitas keju, tekstur keju, mikrostruktur keju menggunakan Scanning electron Microscopy (SEM) dan organoleptik keju. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan signifikan dari kadar protein dan bahan kering tanpa lemak pada susu kerbau sungai, terdapat pula perbedaan signifikan pada kadar protein, lemak dan kadar abu keju Mozarella. Hasil uji asam amino menunjukkan bahwa susu kerbau sungai memiliki nilai PDCAAS sebesar 76.0%. Keju terbaik berasal dari Lubuk Pakam dan Siborong-borong yang masing-masing memiliki rendemen keju yang lebih banyak (11.50% dan 11.17%), kadar lemak yang lebih tinggi (10,13 ± 2,36% dan 8,92 ± 5.21%) dan tekstur lebih lunak (430,2 ± 54,67 gf.s dan 504,9 ± 131,5 gf.s). Uji organoleptik menunjukkan bahwa keju Mozarella Siborong-borong memiliki tingkat penerimaan susu kerbau tertinggi hingga 79,4% dari panelis dengan mutu keju berwarna agak kuning, agak berbau susu, agak lunak dan rasa sedikit asin. Setiap peternakan menghasilkan kualitas susu yang berbeda dan memiliki kualitas keju Mozarella yang berbeda pula. Namun, penanganan susu dan pengolahan keju juga mempengaruhi kualitas keju Mozarella. Perlunya penelitian lanjutan tentang formulasi pakan dan manajemen pemeliharaan kerbau sungai di Sumatera Utara untuk mengetahui lebih jelas potensi yang dimiliki kerbau ini. Perlunya menjaga kebersihan dan melakukan sanitasi pada saat pemerahan, pengumpulan dan pemindahan susu kerbau untuk menekan pertumbuhan mikroba yang dapat menyebabkan penurunan kualitas susu. Perlunya penelitian lanjutan tentang pemanfaatan whey dari hasil samping pembuatan keju Mozarella susu kerbau sungai.