Drechslera teres strains differing in virulence, morphological and cultural traits were studied for competitive ability on nutrient media and susceptible barley varieties. In all model populations after 3 and 5 cycles of reinoculation virulent strains were dominated on nutrient media but avirulent ones on plants. Therefore genes for virulence complementary to effective barley genes for resistance to net blotch reduce fitness of the pathogen on susceptible host varieties

The aim of this study was to investigate possible interactions between a preventive and a curativ method (combination of one pre and one post-emergence weed harrowing). We estimated the damages by weed harrowing in four pure varieties of spring barley, and analysed if there were differences in resistance and tolerance to weed harrowing between the varieties. As organic growing conditions are characterised by greater differences in nutrient levels, we further examined if there was any interactions between harrowing resistance and tolerance of the varieties and two nutrient level. Tolerance to weed harrowing was measured as an immediate effect (Resistance=how much of the plant is covered with soil after weed harrowing), a short-term effect (growth rate after the harrowing) and a long-term effect (tolerance=effect on yield). Resistance was measured by two non-destructive sensor-based methods reflectance measurements and analysis of digital images and the two methods were compared.

The nutritional composition of 10 pepper varieties collected from greenhouses in Almería (Spain), and unanalyzed until now, was determined. The analyzed principles included: Moisture, crude protein, available carbohydrates, lipids, dietary fiber, ashes, energy value, Vitamin C, fatty acids, carotenoids, minerals, nitrate and oxalic acid. The output of the analyses showed higher Vitamin C and carotenoid amounts in these pepper varieties than in conventional ones.The antioxidative capacity of the extracts, evaluated both with the β-carotene breaching and the 2,2,-diphenyl-1-picrylhydracyl (DPPH·) radical scavenging methods, has shown that the antioxidant activity of the extracts of some varieties was comparable with those of the commercial antioxidants used with comparative purposes.

In this research, the effects of Hoagland, s nutrient with different concentrations of lead (0, 100, 200, 400, ىM Pb( NO3)2 on contents; chlorophylls a, b, total chlorophyll in leaves, ions calcium, iron and Pb2+accumulation in root and shoot of two varieties of rape seed (Brassica napus L.) PF7045.91 and Hyola 401; in hydroponic culture conditions were studied. Samples were digested (wet digstion) using mixture of nitric and perchloric acid was used to contents, ions calcium, iron and lead Concentration of chlorophylls a and b and metals were determined using Spectrophotometer(U.V) model Hitachy U – 2000 and atomic absorption instrument model shimadzo AA – 6300, respectively. In order to interpretation of data, different statistical methods were used. Results showed that, lead caused decrease the contents; chlorophylls a, b and total chlorophyll in leaves and ions Ca2+, Fe2+ in root and shoot of two varieties of rape seed in comparison with control (p 0.05). By increasing lead concentration of nutrient solution, Pb2+accumulation in root and shoot of each two varieties in comparison with control was increased (p 0.05).

Fifty-five isolates of Rhynchosporium secalis from Hordeum vulgare and 34 isolates from Secale cereale were compared for growth on different nutrient media, effect of temperature on growth and morphology of colonies. The pathogenicity of the isolates was assessed on 10 rye varieties, 10 triticale varieties and the susceptible barley variety Gambrinus. The triticale varieties differed in the number of rye chromosomes in the genome. Isozymes of R. secalis isolated from infected leaves of barley and rye were compared. The RAPD-PCR method was used for comparison of isolates on DNA-markers. The analysis indicated two specialised forms of the fungus; each of them able to develop only on its original host.

Fifty-five isolates of Rhynchosporium secalis from Hordeum vulgare and 34 isolates from Secale cereale were compared for growth on different nutrient media, effect of temperature on growth and morphology of colonies. The pathogenicity of the isolates was assessed on 10 rye varieties, 10 triticale varieties and the susceptible barley variety Gambrinus. The triticale varieties differed in the number of rye chromosomes in the genome. Isozymes of R. secalis isolated from infected leaves of barley and rye were compared. The RAPD-PCR method was used for comparison of isolates on DNA-markers. The analysis indicated two specialised forms of the fungus; each of them able to develop only on its original host.

The objectives of this research were to obtain several mungbean varieties which suitable under fresh water swamp land conditions and to study the effect of mulch application on mungbean and soil nutrient in fresh water swamp land area. The research was conducted on water swamp land of Tawar village, Hulu Sungai Selatan in dry season of 2004. The results showed that the yield and the yield components of mungbean were not affected by mulch application. On the other hand, there were yield differences among mungbean varieties. Mulch application significantly decreased soil-pH, soil organic-C, total-P, available-P and K uptake but increased soil total-N and P uptake.

The objectives of this research were to obtain several mungbean varieties which suitable under fresh water swamp land conditions and to study the effect of mulch application on mungbean and soil nutrient in fresh water swamp land area. The research was conducted on water swamp land of Tawar village, Hulu Sungai Selatan in dry season of 2004. The results showed that the yield and the yield components of mungbean were not affected by mulch application. On the other hand, there were yield differences among mungbean varieties. Mulch application significantly decreased soil-pH, soil organic-C, total-P, available-P and K uptake but increased soil total-N and P uptake.

BACKGROUND: Population and environmental pressure have imposed a great challenge on agriculture in China to explore innovative and effective solutions to its pressing plant nutritional problems. Plant nutriomics is a new frontier in plant biology that can provide innovative solutions for improving plant nutrient efficiency, thus increasing crop productivity through genetic and molecular approaches. Scope This review summarizes current efforts and progress in plant nutriomic research in China with examples from several case studies. It also points out potential obstacles and depicts future perspectives in this emerging frontier of plant nutrition. CONCLUSIONS: Although plant nutriomics is still at a conceptual stage, substantial efforts are being made in China aimed at increasing plant nutrient efficiency through a nationwide, co-ordinated project on plant nutriomics. Future studies involving both national and international collaborations are needed to develop nutrient-efficient, stress-tolerant and high-quality crop varieties for both China and elsewhere.