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Potential biomarkers for chronic seasonal heat stress in Kagoshima Berkshire pigs reared in the subtropical region النص الكامل
2022
Ijiri, Moe | Odo, Kenji | Sato, Motohiko | Kawaguchi, Maiko | Fujimoto, Yoshikazu | Miura, Naoki | Matsuo, Tomohide | Hou, De-Xing | Yamato, Osamu | Tanabe, Takashi | Kawaguchi, Hiroaki
Potential biomarkers for chronic seasonal heat stress in Kagoshima Berkshire pigs reared in the subtropical region النص الكامل
2022
Ijiri, Moe | Odo, Kenji | Sato, Motohiko | Kawaguchi, Maiko | Fujimoto, Yoshikazu | Miura, Naoki | Matsuo, Tomohide | Hou, De-Xing | Yamato, Osamu | Tanabe, Takashi | Kawaguchi, Hiroaki
Potential biomarkers for chronic seasonal heat stress in Kagoshima Berkshire pigs reared in the subtropical region were investigated by comparing the biomarker changes in the summer (a period of chronic heat stress) and winter (a thermoneutral period) seasons. Pigs were allocated to summer- and winter-finishing cohorts, 12 each. The evaluations included assessment of carcass traits and internal organs’ normality carried out at the time of slaughter, and measurement of biomarkers in whole blood: derivatives of reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs) and biological antioxidant potential as markers of oxidative stress, and serum amyloid A and albumin/globulin (A/G) ratio as markers of acute and chronic inflammation, respectively. The summer-finished pigs reared under subtropical field conditions showed lower carcass quality than the winter-finished pigs, indicating a potential adverse effect of summer temperatures on the swine industry. Marginal changes were observed in d-ROMs and the A/G ratio between the summer- and winter-finishing cohorts. The results demonstrate that d-ROMs and the A/G ratio could be used as sensitive markers for heat stress under field conditions.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Potential biomarkers for chronic seasonal heat stress in Kagoshima Berkshire pigs reared in the subtropical region النص الكامل
2022
Ijiri Moe | Odo Kenji | Sato Motohiko | Kawaguchi Maiko | Fujimoto Yoshikazu | Miura Naoki | Matsuo Tomohide | Hou De-Xing | Yamato Osamu | Tanabe Takashi | Kawaguchi Hiroaki
Potential biomarkers for chronic seasonal heat stress in Kagoshima Berkshire pigs reared in the subtropical region were investigated by comparing the biomarker changes in the summer (a period of chronic heat stress) and winter (a thermoneutral period) seasons.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Parasitological monitoring of European bison (Bison bonasus) from three forests of north-eastern Poland between 2014 and 2016 النص الكامل
2020
Krzysiak, Michał K. | Demiaszkiewicz, Aleksander W. | Larska, Magdalena | Tomana, Jarosław | Anusz, Krzysztof
Parasitological monitoring of European bison (Bison bonasus) from three forests of north-eastern Poland between 2014 and 2016 النص الكامل
2020
Krzysiak, Michał K. | Demiaszkiewicz, Aleksander W. | Larska, Magdalena | Tomana, Jarosław | Anusz, Krzysztof
Common parasites of the European bison include gastro-intestinal and pulmonary nematodes, liver flukes (Fasciola hepatica), tapeworms, and protozoa of the genus Coccidia. This study compared the extensiveness and intensities of European bison parasitic invasions in three north-eastern Polish forests in different seasons and queried the role of parasitological monitoring in sanitary and hygienic control of feeding places. Faecal samples were collected in the Białowieża, Knyszyńska, and Borecka Forests between 2014 and 2016, as were some from an area neighbouring the Białowieża Forest outside the Natura 2000 protected area. Parasites were detected in individual samples with the flotation, decanting and Baermann methods. The eggs of Trichostrongylidae, Aonchotheca sp., Nematodirus sp., Strongyloides spp., Trichuris sp., Moniezia spp., and Fasciola hepatica; the larvae of Dictyocaulus viviparus; and the oocytes of Eimeria spp. were identified. Significant variation in invasion intensity and diversity was seen by origin and season. The relationships were assessed first by univariable tests and next multivariately, when origin and season emerged as the major risk factors for exposure to most of the parasites. The differences in the level of parasitic infection between the forests did not have implications for its sufficiency to cause clinical symptoms. However, the associations and risk factors found enable the necessary preventive measures to be taken to protect the E. bison from exposure or decrease the risks. Additionally, parasitological monitoring is appropriate as the method of sanitary and hygienic control of European bison winter feeding places. Threats to public health through adventitious invasions by zoonotic factors such as F. hepatica have been identified.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Parasitological monitoring of European bison (Bison bonasus) from three forests of north-eastern Poland between 2014 and 2016 النص الكامل
2020
Krzysiak Michał K. | Demiaszkiewicz Aleksander W. | Larska Magdalena | Tomana Jarosław | Anusz Krzysztof
Common parasites of the European bison include gastro-intestinal and pulmonary nematodes, liver flukes (Fasciola hepatica), tapeworms, and protozoa of the genus Coccidia. This study compared the extensiveness and intensities of European bison parasitic invasions in three north-eastern Polish forests in different seasons and queried the role of parasitological monitoring in sanitary and hygienic control of feeding places.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Microbiological quality of farmed grass carp, bighead carp, Siberian sturgeon, and wels catfish from Eastern Poland النص الكامل
2018
Pyz-Łukasik, Renata | Paszkiewicz, Waldemar
Microbiological quality of farmed grass carp, bighead carp, Siberian sturgeon, and wels catfish from Eastern Poland النص الكامل
2018
Pyz-Łukasik, Renata | Paszkiewicz, Waldemar
The purpose of this study was to determine the microbiological quality of food fish and its safety for consumers. The study included 24 fish representing grass carp, bighead carp, Siberian sturgeon, and wels catfish. Specimens were collected in winter. Aerobic bacteria, psychrophilic, Enterobacteriaceae, Staphylococcus spp., and E. coli counts were made, and the presence of Salmonella spp., L. monocytogenes, S. aureus, and other coagulase-positive staphylococci was investigated. The microbiological analysis showed a similar level of aerobic, psychrophilic, and Staphylococcus spp. contamination of the four fish species. The Enterobacteriaceae count was higher in the muscles of grass carp and bighead carp than S. sturgeon and wels catfish. No pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella spp., E. coli, L. monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, or other coagulase positive staphylococci were found in samples of the examined fish species. The fresh fish examined in this study were of good microbiological quality and there was no health risk for consumers.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Microbiological quality of farmed grass carp, bighead carp, Siberian sturgeon, and wels catfish from Eastern Poland النص الكامل
2018
Pyz-Łukasik Renata | Paszkiewicz Waldemar
The purpose of this study was to determine the microbiological quality of food fish and its safety for consumers.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Were Polish wild boars exposed to Schmallenberg virus? النص الكامل
2017
Kęsik-Maliszewska, Julia | Jabłoński, Artur | Larska, Magdalena
Were Polish wild boars exposed to Schmallenberg virus? النص الكامل
2017
Kęsik-Maliszewska, Julia | Jabłoński, Artur | Larska, Magdalena
Introduction: A novel to Europe Schmallenberg virus (SBV) causes clinical disease manifested by reproduction disorders in farm ruminants. In free-living ruminants, SBV antibodies as well as the virus were detected. Recent studies also revealed SBV antibodies in wild boars. The study investigates SBV antibodies occurring in wild boars in Poland at the peak of recent virus epidemics in the country.Material and Methods: Samples collected from 203 wild boars culled during the 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 hunting season were serologically tested using multi-species cELISA. Attempted neutralisation tests failed due to poor serum quality. RT-PCR was implemented in seropositive and doubtful animals.Results: Two samples collected from wild boar in the winter of 2013 gave a positive result in ELISA, while another two from the 2012/2013 hunting season were doubtful. No SBV RNA was detected in spleen and liver tissues.Conclusion: Low SBV seroprevalence in wild boars, despite high incidence of SBV infections occurring simultaneously in wild ruminants, suggests that boars are unlikely to be a significant reservoir of the virus in the sylvatic environment in Poland.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Were Polish wild boars exposed to Schmallenberg virus? النص الكامل
2017
Kęsik-Maliszewska Julia | Jabłoński Artur | Larska Magdalena
Introduction: A novel to Europe Schmallenberg virus (SBV) causes clinical disease manifested by reproduction disorders in farm ruminants. In free-living ruminants, SBV antibodies as well as the virus were detected. Recent studies also revealed SBV antibodies in wild boars. The study investigates SBV antibodies occurring in wild boars in Poland at the peak of recent virus epidemics in the country.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]MDA and GSH-Px activity in transition dairy cows under seasonal variations and their relationship with reproductive performance النص الكامل
2017
Colakoglu, Hatice Esra | Yazlik, Murat Onur | Kaya, Ufuk | Colakoglu, Ekrem Cagatay | Kurt, Serdal | Oz, Burcu | Bayramoglu, Rustem | Vural, Mehmet Rifat | Kuplulu, Sukru
MDA and GSH-Px activity in transition dairy cows under seasonal variations and their relationship with reproductive performance النص الكامل
2017
Colakoglu, Hatice Esra | Yazlik, Murat Onur | Kaya, Ufuk | Colakoglu, Ekrem Cagatay | Kurt, Serdal | Oz, Burcu | Bayramoglu, Rustem | Vural, Mehmet Rifat | Kuplulu, Sukru
Introduction: The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the blood glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels under seasonal variations in dairy cows during transition period, and to assess the relationship between chosen reproductive parameters, GSH-Px, and MDA. Material and Methods: Holstein cows calving in January were assigned into winter group (n = 42), while cows calving in August were assigned into summer group (n = 42). Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein 21, 14, and 7 days before calving, at calving (0 day), and 7, 14, and 21 days after calving. Reproductive parameters obtained from farm records were evaluated. Results: In both groups of cows, GSH-Px activity decreased from 21 days before calving to day 0, and it gradually continued to increase until 21 days after calving. GSH-Px activity was higher in winter group compared to summer group during the transition period (P < 0.05). MDA levels in both groups increased over time starting from 21 days before calving to 0 day, but it gradually decreased thereafter. MDA levels were higher in summer group compared to winter group during the transition periods (P < 0.05). Summer group of cows showed higher intervals of calving-to-oestrus, calving-to-conception, and higher insemination index (P < 0.01). Negative correlation was recorded between GSH-Px and MDA during all examination days (P < 0.01). MDA levels correlated with calving to conception interval on day 21 before calving and day 0 (P < 0.01) and insemination index on day 0 and 21 days after calving (P < 0.01). GSH-Px activity was negatively correlated with calving to conception interval on day 21 before calving, day 0, and 21 days (P < 0.01) after calving. Negative correlation on day 21 before calving and day 0 was also determined between GSH-Px and insemination index (P < 0.01). Conclusion: This study showed that blood oxidant and antioxidant levels have affected the fertility parameters in cows under seasonal variations.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]MDA and GSH-Px activity in transition dairy cows under seasonal variations and their relationship with reproductive performance النص الكامل
2017
Colakoglu Hatice Esra | Yazlik Murat Onur | Kaya Ufuk | Colakoglu Ekrem Cagatay | Kurt Serdal | Oz Burcu | Bayramoglu Rustem | Vural Mehmet Rifat | Kuplulu Sukru
Introduction: The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the blood glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels under seasonal variations in dairy cows during transition period, and to assess the relationship between chosen reproductive parameters, GSH-Px, and MDA.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Survivability of Mycobacterium bovis on salt and salt-mineral blocks fed to cattle النص الكامل
2017
Kaneene, John B. | Hattey, Joseph A. | Bolin, Carole A. | Averill, James | Miller, RoseAnn
OBJECTIVE To determine the survivability of Mycobacterium bovis on salt and salt-mineral blocks in typical weather conditions in Michigan over two 12-day periods at the height of summer and winter. SAMPLE 4 salt (NaCl) and 4 salt-mineral blocks inoculated with pure cultures of a strain of M bovis currently circulating in Michigan livestock and wildlife. PROCEDURES In the summer and again in the winter, inoculated blocks were placed in secured outdoor facilities where equal numbers of each block type (2/type/season) were exposed to shade or sunlight. Samples were collected from randomly selected areas on the surface of each block beginning within 1 hour after placement (day 0) twice a day for the first 4 days and once a day from days 7 through 11. Bacterial culture of samples was performed to detect viable M bovis. RESULTS Depending on the exposure conditions, salt blocks yielded viable M bovis for up to 2 days after inoculation and salt-mineral blocks yielded viable M bovis for > 3 days. Survival time was greatest on salt-mineral blocks kept outdoors in the shade during the winter. The odds of recovering viable M bovis from salt-mineral block samples were 4.9 times as great during the winter (vs the summer) and 3.0 times as great with exposure to shade (vs sunlight). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results from this study indicated that salt and salt-mineral blocks should be considered potential sources of bovine tuberculosis when designing risk mitigation programs for cattle herds in areas with wildlife reservoirs of M bovis.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]An investigation of the association between socio-demographic factors, dog-exercise requirements, and the amount of walking dogs receive النص الكامل
2012
Degeling, Chris | Burton, Lindsay | McCormack, Gavin R.
Risk factors associated with canine obesity include the amount of walking a dog receives. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between canine exercise requirements, socio-demographic factors, and dog-walking behaviors in winter in Calgary. Dog owners, from a cross-sectional study which included a random sample of adults, were asked their household income, domicile type, gender, age, education level, number and breed(s) of dog(s) owned, and frequency and time spent dog-walking in a usual week. Canine exercise requirements were found to be significantly (P < 0.05) positively associated with the minutes pet dogs were walked, as was the owner being a female. Moreover, dog walking frequency, but not minutes of dog walking, was significantly associated with residing in attached housing (i.e., apartments). Different types of dogs have different exercise requirements to maintain optimal health. Understanding the role of socio-demographic factors and dog-related characteristics such as exercise requirements on dog-walking behaviors is essential for helping veterinarians and owners develop effective strategies to prevent and manage canine obesity. Furthermore, encouraging regular dog-walking has the potential to improve the health of pet dogs, and that of their owners.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Evaluation of Haemonchus contortus infections in sexually intact and ovariectomized ewes
1988
Fleming, M.W. | Rhodes, R.C. III. | Gamble, H.R.
Three experiments were conducted to investigate experimentally the occurrence of periparturient nematode egg rise in ewes and the hormonal modulation of Haemonchus contortus infections. In the first experiment, fall-bred and winter-bred pregnant (n = 4 and 14, respectively) and nonpregnant (n = 5 and 29, respectively) ewes were treated with anthelmintic and were pastured together on fields that were contaminated with H contortus. Three weeks before lambing, all ewes were placed in concrete pens; fecal egg counts for the winter-bred group were obtained on alternate days. Pregnant and lactating ewes had significantly larger numbers (P < 0.01) of H contortus eggs than did the nonpregnant controls 1 week before and after lambing. Lactating, fall-bred ewes had significantly (P < 0.01) more adult worms in their abomasum through natural acquisition than the nonpregnant controls. In the second experiment, fall-bred and winter-bred helminth-free, pregnant (n = 4 and 8, respectively) and nonpregnant (n = 3 and 15, respectively) ewes were inoculated on 5 alternate days, beginning 70 days after breeding with 20,000 infective H contortus larvae. The ewes were maintained on concrete pens throughout pregnancy. Fecal egg counts were significantly (P < 0.05) greater in pregnant ewes, beginning 1 week before lambing until 1 week after lambing. Abomasums of lactating ewes from both lambing seasons yielded significantly (P < 0.01) more adult worms at necropsy than nonpregnant ewes. In the third experiment, ewes were ovariectomized (n = 15) or sham-operated (n = 9); half of the control ewes were bred. Beginning on day 70 of pregnancy, all ewes were inoculated orally with 20,000 infective H contortus larvae on 5 alternative days. Abomasums were removed from all ewes after lambing, and adult worms were recovered. Pregnant ewes and half of the ovariectomized ewes had significantly (P < 0.05) more worms than did the sham-operated ewes.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Seroprevalence of Mycoplasma suis infection in pigs in eastern China as estimated by a blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay النص الكامل
2017
Zhongyang, Liang | Jiansong, Zhang | Yijuan, Shen | Yuting, Xia | Yufeng, Li | Jiarong, Xu
Porcine infectious anemia caused by Mycoplasma suis is a global disease and results in serious economic losses. To determine the prevalence of M. suis infection in eastern China, a cross-sectional serologic study was conducted with 3458 porcine serum samples randomly obtained from January 2014 to August 2016. The samples were tested with a blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay developed in our laboratory. The seroprevalence was 33.3% in the complete sample set and was 25.9%, 37.8%, and 37.8% in 2014, 2015, and 2016, respectively. The seroprevalence was distinctly higher in summer (39.9%) and autumn (42.0%) than in spring (28.9%) and winter (23.3%). Shanghai was the region with the highest seroprevalence (54.2%) and Jiangsu the region with the lowest (23.0%). The seroprevalence was markedly higher in boars (47.1%), multiparous sows (47.0%), and replacement gilts (39.2%) than in piglets (24.2%), fattening pigs (17.2%), and nursery pigs (12.5%). These data demonstrate that the prevalence of M. suis infection is increasing yearly in eastern China.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Temporal and spatial dynamics of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection in the United States النص الكامل
2015
OBJECTIVE To measure incidence and estimate temporal and spatial dynamics of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection in US sow herds. ANIMALS 371 sow herds in the United States from 14 production companies. PROCEDURES The exponentially weighted moving average was used to monitor incident PRRSV infections for onset of an epidemic. The spatial scan statistic was used to identify areas at significantly high risk of PRRS epidemics. A χ2 test was used to estimate whether there were significant differences in the quarterly and annual PRRS incidence among time periods, and a bivariable logistic regression model was used to estimate whether PRRSV infection during a given year increased the odds of that herd being infected in the following year. RESULTS During the 4-year period of this study, 29% (91/319; 2009 to 2010), 33% (106/325; 2010 to 2011), 38% (135/355; 2011 to 2012), and 32% (117/371; 2012 to 2013) of the herds reported new infections. Weekly incidence was low during spring and summer and high during fall and winter. The exponentially weighted moving average signaled the onset of a PRRSV epidemic during the middle 2 weeks of October each year. Disease incidence was spatially clustered. Infection in the previous year increased the odds of infection in 2010 to 2011 and 2011 to 2012. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated a striking repeatability in annual PRRSV temporal and spatial patterns across 4 years of data among herds from 14 production companies, which suggested that efforts to control PRRSV at a regional level should continue to be supported.
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