A surveillance study was conducted to determine the rates of mixing beef illegally with other selected animal species meats of inferior quality in Kerbala Governorate. Over an 8-month period ( September 2012 to May 2013), a total of 120 samples of meat products viz., 40 local minced meats, 40 local beef burger and 40 imported beef burger were purchased from Kerbala city and analyzed by Agar Gel Immuno-Diffusion test ( AGID) for detecting substitution of undesirable meat species. Meat extracts from camel, chicken and donkey were prepared. Rabbits were injected with meat extracts for preparation of hyper-immune sera, whereas, blood was collected to get the specific anti-sera. Positive result was recorded when precipitation line observed between the antibody and the corresponding meat extract. The incidence of adulteration was detected in 6 (5%) samples with camel meat and 23 ( 19.16%) samples with chicken meat, while none of the samples was found adulterated with donkey meat .Camel meat found in 4 (10%), 2 ( 5%) and 0 ( 0%) of local minced meat, local beef burger and imported beef burger respectively. However, chicken meat detected in 8 (20%), 10 (25%) and 5 ( 12.5%) of local minced meat, local beef burger and imported beef burger respectively. It was concluded that substitution of meat products, in which inferior quality meat is mixed into beef, has been existed in Kerbala G

Fourteen years of study from September 1996 to September 2010 included all province of Iraq. This study showed behavior and outbreak of old world screw worm from first recoded in Iraq with signal to its epidemiology. Investigation show proliferation and spread of fly in areas and the ways of reach this fly to in. many cases recorded at 60c and zeroC.erradication study where occur by using new method of spraying chemical pesticides and used ivermectin as injection s/c for animals as prevention. This technique improved that no cases were recorded in all town of Iraq especially in Basra which have big problem of infestation of old world screw worm in animals at 2004-2005. Study improve that were good professional staff of veterinarian in Iraq can eradication old world screw worm without using of sterile male fly technique of chrysomya bezziana.

In the present study its used liquid preparation of probiotics "Vetlactoflorum-M" (dissolved in diluted milk) and "Vetlactoflorum-C" (dissolved in whey), and were studied its effect on some parameters such as total protein, globulin, albumin also serum bactericidal and lysozyme activity. One hundred fifty broilers chicken breed "Ross-308" used in one day old. They were divided into three groups of 50 chicks (control" un-supplemented with probiotic" , first treatment group received “Vetlactoflorum-C” and second treatment group received “Vetlactoflorum-M”). Blood samples were taken in 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 day-old. Laboratorial analyses were conducted in Vitebsk state academy of veterinary medicine in Belarus. Level of total protein in the 2nd group to the end of the study was higher than in control group to 8.1% (P

Bis[4-(4'-hydroxy-3'-methoxy benzylidene amino phenyl)] telluride (R2Te) was prepared from the reaction of two moles of 4-(4'-hydroxy-5'-methoxybenzylidene amino phenyl) mercuric chloride and one mole of TeBr 4 in dry dioxane to give diorganyl tellurium dibromide (R 2 TeBr2 ) which reduced by boiling ethanolic hydrazine hydrate to give the corresponding new telluride (R 2 Te). R2 Te inhibits nitrite induced methemoglobin formation in hemolysate. The time required to convert 50% of the available hemoglobin to methemoglobin was increased from 2.5 to 4, 5.5 and 10.5 minutes by the addition of (1.25, 5 and 20µM) of test compound (R 2 Te) respectively, and from 7 to 15, 29 and 54 minutes to convert all of the available hemoglobin to methemoglobin. It seems that R 2 Te failed to inhibit nitrite induced hemoglobin oxidation if added after the autocatalytic stage (5-10 minutes after nitrite addition). R 2 Te, a novel organotellurium compound, can inhibit nitrite induced methemoglobin formation in hemolysate in a dose dependent manner if added before the autocatalytic stage.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of cyclosporine on some hematological indices in male rabbits after bone marrow transplantation operation. Thirty male rabbits were used in the present study which divided into three groups equally (ten rabbit each group).Rabbit of first group were give0.5 ml of normal slain from Day zero till Day 10 of experiment then applied to intra bone marrow-Bone marrow transplantation (IBM-BMT) at Day 11 then after, these rabbit give normal slain from Day 12 till Day 20 and considered as shame group. Rabbits of second and third groups were applied to same protocol that used in first group except that the rabbit were give 12.5 (T1) and (T2) 25 mg/kg/BW of cyclosporine respectively instead of normal slain. blood was collected At Day10 and Day 21 from all rabbit of the experiment via heart puncture and Red blood cell (RBCs)count , white blood cell (WBCs) count, Deferential leukocyte count, Packed cell volume(PCV) and hemoglobin concentration(Hb) were measured. Results of the present study showed significant decrease (p

Lactic acid is an important carboxylic acid used in different aspects of life. In this study a pure isolate of homofermentative lactic acid bacteria Enterococcus faecium was isolated , and characterized by morphological examinations with physiological and biochemical tests. The present results have revealed the ability of the isolate to produce L- lactic acid in high concentration and low concentration of D- lactic acid in contrast with control. Lactic acid has been extracted and partially purified by Amberlite IRA400 resin column, the obtained extracted parts have been tested by carboxylic acid test in addition to High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis which has showed that the concentration of L-lactic acid was 0.659g/l, while D-lactic acid was 0.174g/l in crude parts with two peaks appeared, one of area 322854 for L while no visible peak appeared for D because of small area 72214 in the figure, whereas the second peak of area 203238 may returned to the interference of D and L-lactic acid . Purified parts have reached to a purity of 72.3% for L-lactic and 38.2% for D-lactic acid also with one sharp peak for L with area of 43639 and no visible peak for D-lactic due to small area of 16713.

The experiment was applied on /45/ healthy male of golden Syrian hamsters, were divided into three groups as follows: Control group(C), High Fat-High Cholesterol group(HF-HC) and Borage Oil group (BO). All groups had laboratorial diet freely during/15/ days(first period), after that each of HF-HC and BO groups took diet consisting of 80% laboratorial diet+ 20% fats(13.5% sheep fat+6.5% coconut oil) for /4/ weeks(second period). The treatment of BO group changed after second period and hamsters had laboratorial diet and dosed borage oil 2g/kg of the body weight daily for /4/ weeks(third period). The results showed a significant increase(p=0.0000) of the total cholesterol(TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglycerides(TG) concentrations approximately(163%, 224%, 232%) respectively in each of HF-HC and BO groups in the second period in comparison with first period. Our results showed, in third period, a dramatic significant decrease(P=0.0000) in the TC, LDL-C and TG concentrations approximately (56%, 69%, 40%) respectively in BO group in comparison with the same group of second period

Bacteriocins are bacterial antimicrobial peptides with bactericidal activity against other bacteria. Staphylococcins are bacteriocins produced by staphylococci, which are gram-positive bacteria with medical and veterinary importance. In this study we are using two promoters from two plasmids to lysostaphin gene to change production of lysostaphin protein then killed Staphylococcus aureus and compared with pBluescript plasmid as control, pTrc99a get increased the production of lysostaphin protein while the pBAD30 are decreased the production in compared with pBluescript plasmid as control, at the same time both plasmid reported succeeded to lysostaphin expression and gave the protein with different concentration.

The study objective was to determine the effects of 70% nitrous oxide (N2O) and fentanyl on the end-tidal concentration of sevoflurane necessary to prevent movement (MACNM) in response to noxious stimulation in dogs. Six healthy, adult, intact male, mixed-breed dogs were used on 3 occasions in a randomized crossover design. After induction of anesthesia with sevoflurane, each of the following treatments was randomly administered: fentanyl loading dose (Ld) of 15 μg/kg and infusion of 6 μg/kg per hour [treatment 1 (T1)], 70% N2O (T2), or fentanyl (Ld of 15 μg/kg and infusion of 6 μg/kg per hour) combined with 70% N2O (T3). Each dog received each of the 3 treatments once during the 3-week period. Determination of MACNM was initiated 90 min after the start of each treatment. The values were compared using the baseline MACNM, which had been determined in a previous study on the same group of dogs. Data were analyzed using a mixed-model analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey-Kramer tests, and expressed as least squares mean ± SEM. The baseline MACNM decreased by 36.6 ± 4.0%, 15.0 ± 4.0%, and 46.0 ± 4.0% for T1, T2, and T3, respectively (P < 0.05), and differed (P < 0.05) among treatments. Mean fentanyl plasma concentrations did not differ (P ≥ 0.05) between T1 (3.70 ± 0.56 ng/mL) and T3 (3.50 ± 0.56 ng/mL). The combination of fentanyl and N2O resulted in a greater sevoflurane MACNM sparing effect than either treatment alone.

Retinoids play an important role in lung development and immune response. The effects of retinoids are mediated through 2 families of retinoid receptors: retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and retinoid X receptors (RXRs), with alpha (α), beta (β), and gamma (γ) subtypes in each family. To date, no data exist on the expression pattern of retinoid receptors in lungs of cattle, dogs, and pigs. Because of the biomedical importance of retinoid receptors in inflammation and immune responses, Western blot, immunohistology, and immunoelectron microscopy were used to determine the expression of retinoid receptors in normal lungs of cattle, dogs, and pigs (n = 2 for each species). Western blot showed expression of all 6 retinoid receptor subtypes in pig lungs. Immunohistology data indicated differential expression of retinoid receptors in airway epithelium, vascular endothelium, alveolar/septal macrophages, and alveolar septum in all 3 species. Electron microscopy showed nuclear localization of retinoid receptors in neutrophils and pulmonary intravascular macrophages. Retinoic acid receptors (RAR) α subtype were localized in cytoplasmic vacuoles of pig monocytes. These data indicate constitutive expression of retinoid receptors in the lungs of cattle, dogs, and pigs.