In recent years mammary gland neoplasm has been recognized in pet and laboratory rabbits. The present study describes the concurrence of two malignant mammary gland neoplasms in a six-year-old intact female domestic rabbit. On clinical examination, the masses were observed in the left inguinal and right thoracic mammary glands. Based on owner information, the inguinal mammary gland mass within the previous 3-month period, and the thoracic mammary gland mass within the previous 6-month period, had become evident. Finally, complete surgical removal of the masses was selected. Tissue samples of the masses were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin and stained with H&E. In addition, immunohistochemical studies on masses sections were performed using primary antibodies against cytokeratins AE1/AE3. Microscopically, the left mass was diagnosed as solid carcinoma, and the right mass was diagnosed as intraductal papillary carcinoma. Immunohistochemistry showed diffuse positive cytoplasmic staining of the neoplastic cells in both of masses with primary antibodies against cytokeratins AE1/AE3. The best treatment option for mammary masses in pet rabbits is surgical excision, that is performed under general anesthesia. In this case, no new growth of the masses was observed 4 months following surgical procedures.

Canine transmissible venereal tumor also known as transmissible venereal tumor, contagious venereal tumor, transmissible lymphosarcoma, transmissible venereal sarcoma and infectious granuloma. This tumor commonly affects the external genitalia in dogs of both sexes but More incidences in females are occurring as compared to males. The clinical signs of the genital system include serosanguineous vaginal discharge, cutaneous discharge, protrusion of neoplastic lesions, intermittent or continuous skin lesions, swelling of the genital area, excessive licking of the genital region and pain. The tumor initially is small and its color varies from pink to red, subsequently transforming into a large, ulcerated and infected mass. Over time, the volume of the tumor increases and the lesions develop into fragile, hyperemic, bleeding, multilobular and cauliflower resembling masses. A Sarabi bitch, 18 months old, was referred to the hospital of faculty of Shahid Chamran University in Ahvaz, suffering from serosanguineous vaginal discharge for the past three months. During examinations, the size of the vagina was normal and the discharge was observed to be red in color. CBC and biochemistry tests indicated a decrease in red blood cells and hematocrit level, along with an increase in fibrinogen. In the vaginal cytology sample, red blood cells, large and small intermediate cells and TVT round cells were observed. After multiple assessments, a diagnosis of transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) was confirmed. However, due to the owner’s lack of follow up, treatment was not completed.

Although sabiyal wetland is supposed to sieve pollutants carried by the lake, growing human activity has caused it to deteriorate and shrink in size, reducing its ability to do so and allowing waste to flow into the lake. This makes evaluating the effects of wastewater in that lake urgently necessary. Since little is known about the use of serum and haematological assays to assess fish health in relation to heavy metals, this study is essential. This study aims to evaluate African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) blood profiles and heavy metal concentrations in Sabiyal Lake, Aliero, Nigeria. The study was conducted in Kebbi State's Aliero Local Government Area, specifically at Sabiyal Lake. For this investigation, five percent (5%) of the C. gariepinus that were caught were used. Samples of blood, gills, and bone were obtained using conventional techniques. Heavy metal analysis was done on all samples, while haematological, plasma, and serum analyses were done on the blood samples. The findings indicated that there was a huge variation in the haematological variables during the course of the research periods (p<0.05). Decreased plasma biochemistry (p<0.05) and different enzymes (p<0.05). The blood, gills, and bone of fish collected from Sabiyal Lake showed varying levels of heavy metal contamination. Fish collected in October had the highest concentration of lead, copper, zinc, cadmium, and iron, while fish recorded in December had the lowest concentration.  The investigation found that the high concentration of heavy metals had an impact on the fish from Sabiyal Lake's haematology, biochemistry, and blood enzymes. Therefore, more study should be done to monitor and control the fish and water in Sabiyal Lake.

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a powerful statistical tool used to reduce the complexity of large datasets while preserving significant variations. In this study, PCA was applied to explore the morphological traits of Japanese quails (Coturnix japonica), specifically focusing on skull measurements to identify key components affecting skull weight. A total of 112 quails (64 males and 48 females) were measured for various skull features, which were then analyzed through PCA. The analysis extracted three principal components for both sexes, explaining 52.76% of the variance in males and 56.52% in females. Key features such as Cerebellar Prominentia and Paraoccipital Process were identified as significant contributors to skull morphology. PCA was correspondingly applied to the measurements of male and female Japanese Quails' skulls, in order to identify those components which may explain most of the variation in skull weight. In this respect, simplification of data by PCA may indicate which morphological features supply most to the observed variation in skull weight and, therefore, provide interesting insights into the avian skull morphology. The goal of this research will be helpful in the laying of clear understanding regarding the anatomical features highly influential for skull structure, and of high importance to evolutionary biology, studies of veterinary importance, and poultry breeding programs. These findings highlight the applicability of PCA in anatomical studies and provide a deeper understanding of avian skull morphology.

The microbiome plays critical roles in the training and development of major components of the host's innate and adaptive immune system, while the immune system orchestrates the maintenance of key features of the host Other probiotic administration has a larger impact on body immunity and increases anti-inflammatory cells and polarize the immune response towards the body immunity.In this study, we examine how regular administration of probiotics Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus and Bacillus clause) to Lab mice will impact the innate immune response, including the total number of lymphoid cells on physiological parameters, and blood biochemical levels, and how these factors affect the potential outcome of experiments. Sixty female mice were used in this study seven days with a probiotics combination including Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus and Bacillus clause ( 100 ul oral gavage ) blood samples were collected to evaluate hematological and biochemical parameters the data revealed that there were no significant differences in the Hb and RBC values, however, the WBC count in peripheral blood and local lymph nodes of animals increased significantly after 7 days of treatment. Also, there is a significant change in ILC3 probiotic administration In the case of biochemical parameters of blood including ALT, AST, creatinine, and urea. These results revealed that there were no significant changes in these parameters in all experimental periods. the regular treatment of probiotics is one of the most important elements that may affect the general immune conditions of lab mice especially the WBCs and the innate immune responses.

This study aimed to assess the contamination of heavy metals in Cyprinus carpio, a commonly consumed fish species, and evaluate the potential health risks for humans. The research analysed metal concentrations in different parts of the fish over several months, across various locations: Sirwan station, Darbandikhan dam, and Tanjaro River. The focus was on the dorsal part (below the dorsal fin) and the caudal region (caudal peduncle) of the fish from August 2021 to January 2022. Six heavy metals were investigated: Co, Cr, Cd, Cu, Hg, and Pb, using an ICP-OES (Spectro acros) multi-element system. The results revealed that metal concentrations were generally low in the dorsal flesh, with Hg often below the detection limit, especially in August, September, and October. Elevated Hg levels were detected only in November and January, likely due to minimal regional contamination, seasonal variations, and low bioaccumulation in carp. Cd levels were significantly higher in the dorsal part during August, September, and October. In August, Cd was elevated only in the caudal part. Pb was detected in August, September, and October, while Cu levels were significantly elevated in November across both flesh sections, with the highest concentrations observed in the Sirwan River. Co levels were elevated in October in both portions. Cr was undetectable across all months and locations. The study indicates varying heavy metal concentrations in Cyprinus carpio across different locations and months, with Cu being the highest in Sirwan River and Hg mostly undetectable.

The aim of the present study is to diagnose the multidrug resistant Escherichia coli that has been isolated from human and animal&rsquo;s diarrheal cases and from environmental samples, the results of bacterial culturing methods revealed that out of 250 collected samples, 53 of isolates exhibited characteristic greenish metallic sheen colonies on EMB agar with bright pink lactose fermenting capabilities on MacConkey agar. Additionally, the conventional PCR assay was used to identified the E. coli species based on uidA gene, the results shown that all of isolates (100%) having the target gene. The results were also revealed the incidence rate of MDR Escherichia coli isolated among cattle, humans, and the environment which seem to have a similar rates of resistance for the five classes of antibiotics. Furthermore, MDR E. coli isolated from humans, animals, and the environment exhibited a high 100% resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, as well as (66.66, 83.33, and 72.72) resistance to aminoglycosides (gentamicin and streptomycin), 56.66%, 66.66%, 81.81% resistance to tetracycline (tetracycline), and 66.66%, 50%,100% resistance to dihydrofolate (trimethoprim), while it showed less resistance to quinolones (Nalidixic acid) 20%, 25%, and 18.18% respectively.

This study performed on 300 sheep in Mosul city from August 2024 to October 2024 for demonstration Microfilariae in sheep blood by use various methods such as Knott's technique, MG stain Giemsa, and fluorescent acridine orange staining. When detecting of microfilaria in the blood . The percentage of microfilaria infection is 56% during investigation by modified Knott technique. There were three forms of infection , mild ,moderate and severe infection with microfilariae in sheep using the same method showed significant differences in infection severity, below the limit of level (P &lt; 0.05) .Also we studied the of risk factors such as age on the intensity of infection.,there was significant differences, a high percentage of infection was noticed in animals over three years old (93.1%) while low rat in sheep below one years old (27.1%). No significant differences noticed between the females (58%) and males (54%). The animals husbandry indicated increase level of infection out door system (61.6%) than indoor system (45.7%). Also there was significant differences between breed of the animals ,the infection rates in higher in export sheep (90%) than local breed (49.5%).

The aime of this research to detected prevalence rate of infection with Cryptosporidium spp. in sheep in different regions of Ninavah Province, Iraq. 100 sheep fecal samples were collected. that are younger than a month to more than 6 months. All samples have been tested by using direct methods, 1% Lugol's iodine, flotation method by using sugar solution and modified Ziehl&ndash;Neelsen staining to investigate for oocysts of Cryptosporidium spp. The study showed the total prevalence rate of infection with Cryptosporidium spp. in sheep was 52%. There is no significant differences (p &lt;0.05) in prevalence rates among animals aged less than 6 months and animals more than 6 months. The results were showed difference significantly between infection rate in male and female, 81.2% (45\55), 15.6 % (7\45) respectively. As well as, Cryptosporidium infection was significantly influenced by several potential risk components such as breeding of animals, consistency of feces, herd size, keeping with other animals, bedding type, and occurring of pregnancy in animals

Background: Since the emergence of SARS-CoV-2, high number of mortalities around the world was reported. Post infection, the immune system is activated in abnormal manner leads to an excessive release of cytokines and interleukins implicated in eliminating the viruses including CTLA-4. Such responses sometimes cause autoimmune disease including Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) Aim of study: The study aimed to analyse gene expression of CTLA4 in patients diagnosed with RA post Covid-19 infection. Methods: Blood samples were collected from 61 RA patients diagnosed post Covid-19 patients RAI, and 40 control (C) experienced at least one Covid-19 infection. RNA was extracted and used to prepare cDNA from each sample to analyse the cellular expression of CTLA-4 using relative gene expression . Results: The study involved 61 patients, 17 of them were vaccinated without prior Covid-19 infection (RAV) as well as 44 that were diagnosed with RA following their recovery from Covid-19 (RAI).The results showed significant increase in CTLA-4 gene expression only in RAI samples. However, a decrease in RAV sample compared to control was noticedConclusion:COVID-19 seems to have an important role in the development of the RA disease, as during its occurrence immuno-changes disorders can happen, one of obvious influences of which is the significant changes in the gene expression of CTLA-4 gene, which in turn could be involved in the development of the RA.