The haemato-biochemical profile of sheep and goat with gastrointestinal parasitism was studied. A total of 100 blood samples were collected from Nellore (Jodipi) sheep and Tellicherry goats, reared under the semi-intensive system in the University research farm in Madhavaram Milk Colony, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (TANUVAS), Chennai, Tamil Nadu from January to June, 2022. The haemoglobin (Hb) value, packed cell volume (PCV) values and RBC values showed significant reduction.Similarly, the reduction of the differential count was also observed in infected sheep viz., lymphocyte and monocyte, whereas there was asignificant increase in total neutrophil count, total eosinophil count and basophil in infected sheep as compared to healthy sheep. In goats, there was significant reduction in Hb, PCV, RBC and WBC values whereas there was a significant increase in total monocyte count in infected goat as compared to healthy goats. 

The present investigation was carried out on 365 records of Gir cows maintained at Cattle Breeding Farm during the period from 1986 to 2014 with an objective to assess the influence of various environmental factors on monthly test day milk yield in Gir animals. The overall least square means for individual monthly test day milk yields in Gir cows ranged from 2.74±2.0 to 6.35±0.26 litres. The effect of season of calving on first monthly test day was highly significant, The effect of age at first calving and period of calving was non-significant on all monthly test day milk yields.

A two year old, intact female Great Dane was presented with the history of dysponea and anorexia for a period of six days. The dog was already treated in a private clinic. Based on the clinical, haematological, biochemical and peripheral blood smear examination, the case was diagnosed as canine babesiosis caused by Babesia gibsoni. Echocardiographic examination revealed both systolic and diastolic dysfunctions. The dog was treated with doxycycline, clindamycin and metronidazole. Histopatological examination revealed myocardial necrosis and haemorrhage.

A three-year-old male dog was presented with a mass in the oral cavity. Upon examination of the oral cavity revealed a soft and pink mass on the hard palate. Surgical excision was performed under general anaesthesia. Based on the histopathological examinations the case was diagnosed as fibrosarcoma. Recurrence of the tumour occurred within two months at the same site on the hard palate and wasreoperated for surgical excision. Animal made an uneventful recovery.

Cutaneous tumors are commonly noticed in small and large ruminants, but fibrosarcoma in skin and subcutaneous tissue is a rare finding. This might be one of few case reports of cutaneous fibrosarcoma in goats. A three-year old, female goat was presented with a history of progressive growth at the base of the horn in frontal region, noticed over a period of one month of duration. Physical examination revealed presence of a solitary mass (9.0 cm×7.2 cm×1.8 cm) at the base of the right horn extended to inter-horn space medially and forehead cranially. Survey radiograph revealed no pulmonary metastasis. Histopathology of excised tumor mass confirmed as fibrosarcoma. The goat had a recurrence of fibrosarcoma within three weeks from initial excision.

The current experiment was conducted to study the histology of duodenum in broilers fed with different levels of inclusion of cashew apple waste (CAW) as well as enzymes. The study was carried out for a period of 42 days. A sum total of two hundred and ten day-oldvencobb-400 broiler chicks were randomly divided into seven groups with three replicates of 10 chicks in each group. Group 1 (G1) received control diet prepared as per BIS (2007) recommendations. G2 and G3 birds received diet prepared with 5 and 10 per cent CAWwithout any enzyme supplementation, respectively. G4 and G5 birds received 5 per cent CAW with supplementation of 500 g/ton and 750 g/ton of enzymes, respectively. G6 and G7 birds received 10 per cent CAW with supplementation of 500 g/ton and 750 g/ton ofenzymes, respectively. It was found that, histomorphological features like villus height and thickness of tunica mucosa were found to be higher in group (G4) where 5 per cent CAW with NSP degrading enzymes at 500 g/ton were fed significantly (p<0.01) when compared to all other groups. The number of goblet cells was observed to be significantly (p<0.01) lesser in the group (G4) when compared to all other groups. 

An experiment was conducted to utilize skim milk for the preparation of low fat paneer, a value added product. Low fat paneer was prepared by using whey protein concentrate (WPC) and inulin as fat replacers. Full fat control paneer (C1) was prepared from buffalomilk standardized to 5 per cent fat and 9 per cent SNF. Skim milk control paneer (C2) was prepared from skim milk standardized to 0.3 per cent fat and 9 per cent SNF. WPC was incorporated at 0.25 (T1) and 0.5 per cent levels (T2). Inulin was used at the level of 1.5 (T1)and 2 per cent (T2) for the preparation of low fat paneer. The prepared paneer samples were evaluated for physico-chemical, microbiological and organoleptic qualities. Incorporation of WPC had significantly increased the yield as well as moisture content of low fat paneer. Inulin at 2 per cent level had increased the yield of low fat paneer. Both WPC and inulin had improved the sensory acceptability of low fat paneer prepared from skim milk. 

Isolation and identification of bacteria from haemolymph, stomach and hepatopancreas (HP) were carried out from 37 farms in Tamil Nadu, India to find out the prevalence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus (Vp) infections with special reference to acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND). Bacterial identifications were done based on the morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics. Vp isolates were identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting Vp specific toxR and tlh genes, human pathogenic tdh and trh genes, and AHPND causing AP1, AP2, AP3 (pirAvp) and AP4 (pirAvp and pirBvp) genes. Histopathological and immunohistochemical (IHC) techniques were employed to identify the pathology due to Vp in HP tissues. Based on the morphological, physiological, biochemical and molecular characterization, 74 isolates were identified as Vp (35.14%), V. harveyi (21.62%), V. anguillarum (16.22%), V. campbellii (10.81%), V. mimicus (8.11%), V. alginolyticus (5.41%), and V. aeruginosa (2.7%). All isolates were negative for tdh, trh, AP1, AP2, AP3 and AP4 genes. Histopathology and IHC revealed that the HP was the prime organ affected in Vp infection. It further proved that the IHC could be used as an important tool to identify the establishment of infection in hepatopancreatic tissues.

A study was conducted to assess the factors inÀuencing the occurrence of downer cow syndrome in Tamil Nadu. For this, primary data from the 67 dairy farmers (60 cow and 07 buffalo farmers) from Namakkal and Karur districts of Tamil Nadu having downer cow syndrome affected dairy animals were collected. Using logistic regression model, Wald statistic were obtained for the independent variables which indicated that the coefficients for parity, stage of lactation, summer and winter season, previous occurrence of metabolic diseases, feeding of green fodder, feeding of concentrate, proximity to parturition (near term) and species of dairy animal were observed significant. The log odds of the animal going to be affected by downer cow syndrome enhanced by 8.199 and 4.581, when parity and mid-stage of lactation were changed from 0 to 1. These findings suggested that more concentration on these factors were warranted to minimise the risk of incidence of downer cow syndrome in bovines.

Thirty healthy, parous, cyclic crossbred cows aged under 8 years were selected and randomly divided into two groups as group I (n=10) and group II (n=20). Group I served as control and group II cows were synchronized with CIDR + PGF2α protocol in the presence of matured CL. Breeding was carried during the observed estrus in group I and at 48 and 72 h after removal of CIDR in group II cows with good quality frozen thawed Jersey crossbred semen. The group II cows showed 100 per cent estrus induction with a mean time of onset of induced estrus of 46.20 ± 0.50 h in group II cows. The duration of estrus was 25.40 ± 0.45 and 26.30 ± 0.47h in group I and group II, respectively. The incidence of intense and intermediate estrus was significantly higher in group II when compared with group I cows. The length of estrus in non-conceived cows was 22. 13 ± 0.52 and 21. 37 ± 0.62 days in group I and II, respectively with a conception rate of 20 and 60 per cent in group I and II. It was concluded that application of CIDR and PGF2α with FTAI was effective in improving conception rate in cross bred cows.