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Fate of chlordecone in soil food webs in a banana agroecosystem in Martinique
2024
Coulis, Mathieu | Senecal, Julie | Devriendt-Renault, Yoann | Guérin, Thierry | Parinet, Julien | Pak, Lai-Ting
Large quantities of chlordecone-based insecticides were produced and used throughout the world. One of its most important uses was to control the damage caused by Cosmopolites sordidus in banana-growing regions. In the islands of Martinique and Guadeloupe, 18,000 ha of farmland are potentially contaminated. Despite the key role played by soil macrofauna in agroecosystems, there are currently no data on their contamination. The aim of this study was to explore the fate of chlordecone (CLD) and its transfer to different organisms of the soil food web. Seven species of invertebrates representing different taxonomic groups and trophic levels of the soil communities of Martinique were targeted and collected in six experimental banana fields, with a level of contamination within a range of values classically observed. Soil samples and macrofauna from the study sites were analysed for CLD and chlordecol (CLDOH) its main transformation product. The contamination of the soil fauna were related to δ15N (trophic level), proportion of soil ingestion (diet) and types of epidermis (mucus or exoskeleton) in order to study the different mechanisms of macrofauna contamination. Presence of CLD and CLDOH could be quantified in all the soil organisms from contaminated fields. Results showed a significant relationship between the CLD contamination of detritivorous and the ash content of their faeces, suggesting that soil ingestion was the main contamination pathway. In contrast, the exoskeleton-bearing diplopod Trigoniulus coralinus and the soft-bodied earthworm Eudrilus eugeniae, both detritivores with a comparable diet, had similar contamination levels, suggesting that the type of tegument has little influence on bioaccumulation. At the scale of the entire trophic network, a significant relationship was uncovered between δ15N values and CLD contamination of the fauna, therefore providing some in situ evidence for a bioamplification process along the soil food chain.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Physics-informed machine learning algorithms for forecasting sediment yield: an analysis of physical consistency, sensitivity, and interpretability
2024
El Bilali, A. | Brouziyne, Youssef | Attar, O. | Lamane, H. | Hadri, A. | Taleb, A.
The sediment transport, involving the movement of the bedload and suspended sediment in the basins, is a critical environmental concern that worsens water scarcity and leads to degradation of land and its ecosystems. Machine learning (ML) algorithms have emerged as powerful tools for predicting sediment yield. However, their use by decision-makers can be attributed to concerns regarding their consistency with the involved physical processes. In light of this issue, this study aims to develop a physics-informed ML approach for predicting sediment yield. To achieve this objective, Gaussian, Center, Regular, and Direct Copulas were employed to generate virtual combinations of physical of the sub-basins and hydrological datasets. These datasets were then utilized to train deep neural network (DNN), conventional neural network (CNN), Extra Tree, and XGBoost (XGB) models. The performance of these models was compared with the modified universal soil loss equation (MUSLE), which serves as a process-based model. The results demonstrated that the ML models outperformed the MUSLE model, exhibiting improvements in Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) of approximately 10%, 18%, 32%, and 41% for the DNN, CNN, Extra Tree, and XGB models, respectively. Furthermore, through Sobol sensitivity and Shapley additive explanation–based interpretability analyses, it was revealed that the Extra Tree model displayed greater consistency with the physical processes underlying sediment transport as modeled by MUSLE. The proposed framework provides new insights into enhancing the accuracy and applicability of ML models in forecasting sediment yield while maintaining consistency with natural processes. Consequently, it can prove valuable in simulating process-related strategies aimed at mitigating sediment transport at watershed scales, such as the implementation of best management practices.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Coarse microplastic accumulation patterns in agricultural soils during two decades of different urban composts application
2024
Colombini, Gabin | Fenouci, Fatima | Rumpel, Cornelia | Houot, Sabine | Biron, Philippe | Felbacq, Axel | Dignac, Marie-France | Laboratoire Sols et Environnement (LSE) ; Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris) ; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS) ; AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | Plastisol funded by ADEME (GRAINE 2019): Fate of microplastics in organic wastetreatment plants - what impact on soil quality and health? | ANR-21-CE34-0017,e-DIP,Dynamique environnementale et impacts des cocktails de contaminants provenant des plastiques dans les écosystèmes terrestres(2021)
International audience | Plastic pollution, a global threat to environmental and human health, is now ubiquitous in the environment, including agricultural soils receiving urban compost amendments. Yet, the accumulation pattern of microplastics in soils are still to be disentangled, with regards to their sources and/or their physical properties such as morphotypes. The aim of this study was to identify the accumulation patterns of coarse microplastics resulting from the long-term amendment of soil with urban waste composts. To this end, we used a field experiment receiving three different urban composts derived from municipal solid waste, biowaste, and a mixture of sewage sludge and green waste. We isolated 1417 coarse microplastic particles from a 21-year archive of soil and compost samples, using density fractionation followed by oxidation, and used Py-GC/MS for polymer identification. Different compost types led to different coarse microplastics accumulation levels. The accumulation pattern showed increasing CMP contents in soils over time. After 21 years of experiment, the calculated number of CMP was in accordance with the estimated values for all three compost types but it was not the case for the CMP mass. No difference of evolution pattern was found between films and fragments. We proposed that biotic transport or abiotic weathering and fragmentation could explain such differences in CMP evolution pattern.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Partial recovery of macrozoobenthos on the northwestern shelf of the Black Sea.
2024
Chevalier, Séverine | Beauchard, Olivier | Teacă, Adrian | Soetaert, Karline | Grégoire, Marilaure
peer reviewed | The northwestern shelf of the Black Sea has been affected by eutrophication and bottom hypoxia since the sixties. Consequently, the macrozoobenthos has suffered a well-established decline in biodiversity. However, the nature of the current benthic communities remains questionable. From 1995 to 2017, we compiled species and abiotic data for 138 sites over the shelf. Through an appropriate multivariate analytical approach, we identified benthic community changes solely due to organic pollution variations. Our results show signs of recovery with an increase in biodiversity and proportion of species vulnerable to organic enrichment. These changes were related to a decrease in riverine loads and subsequent eutrophication. However, some long-lived species typical of the area still did not exhibit noticeable recovery, which suggests that either the recovery process has not yet been achieved or some environmental conditions are still not met to warrant a sea floor ecosystem state substantially healthy. | 14. Life below water
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Light pollution affects activity differentially across breeding stages in an urban exploiter: an experiment in the house sparrow (Passer domesticus)
2024
Beaugeard, Erika | Brischoux, François | Angelier, Frédéric | Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC) ; La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
International audience | Artificial Light At Night (ALAN) is a major urban perturbation, which can have detrimental effects on wildlife. Recent urban planning has led to an increased use of white light emission diodes (LEDs) in cities. However, little is known about the effects of this type of ALAN on wild vertebrates, especially during reproduction. We designed an experiment to test the impact of ALAN on the activity rhythms (daily time of first activity (TFA) and time of last activity (TLA)) of captive House sparrows (Passer domesticus) during several reproductive stages (from pre-breeding to post-breeding). We also tested the impact of ALAN on reproductive performance (laying date, clutch size, hatching and fledging success). Experimental birds were active earlier in the morning (earlier TFA) relative to controls although experimental and control birds did not differ in their TLA. The effect of ALAN on TFA was apparent during specific stages only (pre-breeding and chick-rearing stages), suggesting that sparrows actively adjust their activity in response to ALAN only during specific periods. This impact of ALAN on activity did not persist through the whole breeding season, suggesting that sparrows may habituate to ALAN. Alternatively, they may not be able to sustain a long-term increased activity in response to ALAN because of sleep deprivation and related physiological costs. Finally, we did not find any impact of ALAN on the reproductive performance of captive house sparrows held under optimal conditions. This suggests that ALAN may not be dramatically detrimental to the reproduction of this urban exploiter, at least when food availability is not constraining.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Partial recovery of macrozoobenthos on the northwestern shelf of the Black Sea.
2024
Chevalier, Séverine | Beauchard, Olivier | Teacă, Adrian | Soetaert, Karline | Grégoire, Marilaure
peer reviewed | The northwestern shelf of the Black Sea has been affected by eutrophication and bottom hypoxia since the sixties. Consequently, the macrozoobenthos has suffered a well-established decline in biodiversity. However, the nature of the current benthic communities remains questionable. From 1995 to 2017, we compiled species and abiotic data for 138 sites over the shelf. Through an appropriate multivariate analytical approach, we identified benthic community changes solely due to organic pollution variations. Our results show signs of recovery with an increase in biodiversity and proportion of species vulnerable to organic enrichment. These changes were related to a decrease in riverine loads and subsequent eutrophication. However, some long-lived species typical of the area still did not exhibit noticeable recovery, which suggests that either the recovery process has not yet been achieved or some environmental conditions are still not met to warrant a sea floor ecosystem state substantially healthy. | 14. Life below water
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Impacts of anthropogenic pollutants on social group cohesion and individual sociability in fish: a systematic review and meta-analysis
2024
Tiddy, Izzy C. | Cortese, Daphne | Munson, Amelia | Blewett, Tamzin A. | Killen, Shaun S.
Anthropogenic pollutants are near-ubiquitous in aquatic systems. Aquatic animals such as fishes are subject to physiological stress induced by pollution present in aquatic systems, which can translate to changes in behaviour. Key adaptive behaviours such as shoaling and schooling may be subject to change as a result of physiological or metabolic stress or neurosensory impacts of pollution. This can result in fitness and ecological impacts such as increased predation risk and reduced foraging success. Here, we conducted a systematic metanalysis of the existing literature, comprising 165 studies, on the effects of anthropogenic pollution on sociability and group cohesion in fish species. Both organic (number of studies = 92, posterior mean (PM) = -0.483, p < 0.001) and inorganic (n = 24, PM = -0.697, p < 0.05) chemical pollutants, as well as light exposure (n = 21, PM = -3.176, p < 0.01) were found to reduce sociability. These pollutants did not reduce group cohesion, indicating that effects may be masked in group settings, though fewer studies were carried out on group cohesion and this is a key area for future research. Mixtures of chemical pollutants (n = 16) were found to reduce cohesion (PM = -45.42, p < 0.01), but increase sociability (PM = 46.00, p < 0.01). Evidence was found that fish may behaviourally acclimate to two forms of pollutant, namely mixed chemical pollutants (PM = -0.693, p < 0.05) and noise exposure (n = 22, PM = -4.059, p < 0.05). While aquatic systems are often subject to pollution from multiple sources and of multiple types, very few studies investigated the effects of multiple stressors concurrently. This review identifies trends in the existing literature, and highlights areas where further research is required in order to understand the behavioural and ecological impacts of anthropogenic pollutants in aquatic systems.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Effect of in utero and lactational exposure to a thyroid hormone system disrupting chemical on mouse metabolome and brain transcriptome
2024
Poulsen, Rikke | Zekri, Yanis | Guyot, Romain | Flamant, Frederic | Hansen, Martin | Aarhus University [Aarhus] | Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon (IGFL) ; École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL) ; Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | We acknowledge funding from European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program, under grant agreement No. 825753 (ERGO). This output reflects only the author's view, and the European Union cannot be held responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein. We also acknowledge the Carlsberg Foundation (grant no. CF20-0422) and MH acknowledge the financial support from Aarhus University Research Foundation (AUFF-T-2017- FLS-7-4). | European Project: 825753,ERGO
International audience | Mice were exposed to a low dose of the model thyroid hormone disruptor, propylthiouracil. Although this had only a modest effect on maternal thyroid hormones production, postnatal analysis of the pups’ plasma by mass spectrometry and the brain striatum by RNA sequencing gave evidence of low lasting changes that could reflect an adverse effect on neurodevelopment. Overall, these methods proved to be sensitive enough to detect minor disruptions of thyroid hormone signalling in vivo.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Trace elements in the water column of high-altitude Pyrenean lakes: Impact of local weathering and long-range atmospheric input
2024
Gonzalez, Aridane | Pokrovsky, Oleg | Auda, Yves | Shirokova, Liudmila | Rols, Jean-Luc | Auguet, Jean-Christophe | de Diego, Alberto | Camarero, Luis | Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET) ; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3) ; Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP) ; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3) ; Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO) ; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3) ; Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP) ; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3) ; Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE) ; Institut Ecologie et Environnement - CNRS Ecologie et Environnement (INEE-CNRS) ; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3) ; Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP) ; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3) ; Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP) ; Université de Toulouse (UT) | MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation - MARBEC (UMR MARBEC ) ; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM) | University of the Basque Country/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU)
A novel method to estimate the response of habitat types to nitrogen deposition
2024
Wamelink, G.W.W. | Goedhart, P.W. | Roelofsen, H.D. | Bobbink, R. | Posch, M. | van Dobben, H.F. | Biurrun, I. | Bonari, G. | Dengler, J. | Dítě, D. | Garbolino, E. | Jansen, J. | Jašková, A.K. | Lenoir, J. | Peterka, T. | Radboud University [Nijmegen] | Coordination Centre for Effects ; Coordination Centre for Effects | UNIVERSITY OF THE BASQUE COUNTRY BILBAO DEPARTMENT OF PLANT BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY ESP ; Partenaires IRSTEA ; Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA) | University of Bayreuth | Institut Supérieur d'Ingénierie et de Gestion de l'Environnement (ISIGE) ; Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris) ; Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL) | Public Health England [London] | Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés - UMR CNRS 7058 (EDYSAN) ; Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Masaryk University [Brno] (MUNI)
International audience | Increasing nitrogen depositions adversely affect European landscapes, including habitats within the Natura2000 network. Critical loads for nitrogen deposition have been established to quantify the loss of habitat quality. When the nitrogen deposition rises above a habitat-specific critical load, the quality of the focal habitat is expected to be negatively influenced. Here, we investigate how the quality of habitat types is affected beyond the critical load. We calculated response curves for 60 terrestrial habitat types in the Netherlands to the estimated nitrogen deposition (EMEP-data). The curves for habitat types are based on the occurrence of their characteristic plant species in North-Western Europe (plot data from the European Vegetation Archive). The estimated response curves were corrected for soil type, mean annual temperature and annual precipitation. Evaluation was carried out by expert judgement, and by comparison with gradient deposition field studies. For 39 habitats the response to nitrogen deposition was judged to be reliable by five experts, while out of the 41 habitat types for which field studies were available, 25 showed a good agreement. Some of the curves showed a steep decline in quality and some a more gradual decline with increasing nitrogen deposition. We compared the response curves with both the empirical and modelled critical loads. For 41 curves, we found a decline already starting below the critical load.
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