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Ağ Kafeslerde Yetiştirilen Gökkuşağı Alabalığı Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792)’in Kan Protein düzeyleri النص الكامل
2019
Asiye Başusta | Murat Dağ
Ağ Kafeslerde Yetiştirilen Gökkuşağı Alabalığı Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792)’in Kan Protein düzeyleri النص الكامل
2019
Asiye Başusta | Murat Dağ
Bu çalışmada Keban Baraj Gölü'nde ağ kafeslerde yetiştirilen gökkuşağı alabalığının kan protein düzeylerinin aylık değişimi incelendi. Bir yıl boyunca gökkuşağı alabalıklarından aynı yaş gurubundan her ay 10 örnek alınarak toplam boy ve canlı ağırlıkları ölçüldü. Kaudal venadan alınan kan örneklerinin serumu çıkarılarak; total protein, albumin, globulin ve fibrinojen miktarları belirlendi. İncelenen kan protein düzeylerinden; total protein (TP) 4,52 g/dl, albumin 2,37 g/dl, globulin 2,15 g/dl olarak yıl içerisinde en yüksek Mart ayında bulunmuştur. Fibrinojen ise en yüksek Ocak ayında (198,74 mg/dl) bulunmuştur. Toplam protein, albumin ve globulin düzeyleri en düşük kış aylarında bulunurken fibrinojen yaz aylarında en düşük miktarda bulunmuştur. İstatistiki analiz sonuçlarına göre tüm ölçümlerin aylık değişimleri önemli bulunmuştur. Albumin, globulin, fibrinojen değerleri ile toplam boy ve canlı ağırlık ve değerleri arasında pozitif bir ilişki bulunmuştur ve bu değerlerin aylık değişimleri önemli bulunmuştur.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]New alternative hosts of begomoviruses associated with Chilli Pepper Crops at Valle del Cauca. | Nuevos hospederos alternativos de begomovirus asociados al cultivo de ají en el Valle del Cauca. النص الكامل
2019
Vaca-Vaca, Juan Carlos | Corredor-Saenz, Viviana | Jara-Tejada, Frenyiline | Betancourt-Andrade, Dyanela | Lopez-Lopez, Karina
Begomovirus (DNA viruses with DNAss genome) the main threat to crops growing at subtropical and tropical areas around the world. There are many studies which have shown that begomoviruses evolving by mechanisms of genetic exchange, which occur in alternate hosts such as weeds. Weeds are widely distributed throughout the world and have a high environmental adaptability. The goal of this work was to identify new alternate hosts of begomovirus in weeds associated with pepper crops growing at Valle del Cauca. Weeds with and without viral symptoms around of pepper crops located to the municipalities of Zarzal, Vijes, Toro, Unión, Roldanillo and Guacarí were collected; a taxonomic identification was made at the Herbarium of the Universidad Nacional of Colombia, Josep Cuatrecasas Arumí. The detection of begomovirus was performed by PCR using universal primers that amplify 400 bp, corresponding to a fragment of the AR1 (CP) gene of component A. There were collected 179 weeds and in 13 of them (Sida acuta, Malvastrum sp, Rivina humilis, Acalypha sp, Parthenium hysterophorus, Euphorbia hirta, Rhynchosia minima) the presence of begomovirus was detected. For weeds such as sida acuta and acalypha sp, this is the first report as a host of begomovirus in Colombia, Latin America and also the Caribbean. This result let to know new families as host of begomovirus and also to confirm the begomovirus presence in other weeds where these were previously detected in Valle del Cauca. There is a pressing necessity to obtain additional information related with diversity and distribution of weeds as a host of begomovirus, in order to figure out not only for the virus control but also avoid the begomovirus spreading from weeds to crops with economic interest. | Los begomovirus (virus de plantas de DNA de cadena sencilla) son la principal amenaza para los cultivos que crecen en áreas subtropicales y tropicales de todo el mundo. Hay muchos estudios que han demostrado que los begomovirus evolucionan por mecanismos de intercambio genético, que ocurren en hospedadores alternativos como las malezas. Las malezas están ampliamente distribuidas en todo el mundo y tienen una alta adaptabilidad ambiental. El objetivo de este trabajo fue identificar nuevos hospederos alternos de begomovirus en malezas asociadas con cultivos de aji que crecen en el Valle del Cauca. Malezas con y sin síntomas virales alrededor de cultivos de aji ubicados en los municipios de Zarzal, Vijes, Toro, Unión, Roldanillo y Guacarí fueron colectadas; Se realizó una identificación taxonómica en el Herbario de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Josep Cuatrecasas Arumí.La detección de begomovirus se realizó mediante PCR utilizando cebadores universales que amplifican 400 pb, correspondientes a un fragmento del gen AR1 (CP) del componente A. Se recolectaron 179 malezas y en 13 de ellas (Sida acuta, Malvastrum sp, Rivina humilis, Acalypha sp, Parthenium hysterophorus, Euphorbia hirta, Rhynchosia minima) se detectó la presencia de begomovirus. Para malezas como Sida acuta y Acalypha sp, este es el primer informe como hospedero alterno de begomovirus en Colombia, América Latina y el Caribe. Este resultado permite conocer nuevas familias como hospederas de begomovirus y también para confirmar la presencia de begomovirus en otras malezas donde se detectaron previamente en el Valle del Cauca. Existe una necesidad apremiante de obtener información adicional relacionada con la diversidad y la distribución de malezas como hospederos de begomovirus, con el fin de descubrir no solo el control del virus, sino también evitar la propagación del begomovirus de las malezas a los cultivos con interés económico.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Organochlorine pesticides residues in commercial milk: a systematic review النص الكامل
2019
Régo, Isabella Clarissa Vasconcelos | Santos, Greice Nara Viana dos | Santos, Greice Nivea Viana dos | Ribeiro, Joseph Simoes | Lopes, Ruy Bessa | Santos, Soraia Baia dos | Sousa, Alessandra de | Mendes, Rosivaldo de Alcántara | Taketomi, Aliza Thieko Fernandes | Vasconcelos, Arthur Abinader | Taube., Paulo Sérgio
Resumen La leche es un alimento importante en la dieta de la población humana, principalmente por su contenido en grasas, proteínas, vitaminas y minerales. No obstante, el uso de pesticidas organoclorados (PCO) durante décadas ha contaminado el suelo, el agua y el aire y, por tanto, también ha contaminado la leche. En este sentido, en el presente trabajo se realizó una revisión de los artículos científicos, entre 2000 y 2018, relacionados con la evaluación del grado de contaminación de diferentes tipos de leche por PCO en varias regiones del mundo. Como resultado, se observó que, aunque el uso de los PCO ha sido prohibido en la agricultura desde la década de 1980, estos compuestos o sus metabolitos aún se han detectado en muchas muestras, y en algunos casos los niveles se encontraban por encima del máximo permitido por la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Además, la mayoría de las muestras presentaron contaminación, lo que las convierte en un gran riesgo para la salud humana debido a su bioacumulación. | Abstract Milk is a very important food for human consumption, mainly due to its content of fat, protein, vitamins and minerals. However, the use of organochlorine pesticides (OCP) for decades has contaminated the soil, water and air, and thus has also contaminated the milk. In this sense, in the present work a review of scientific articles was carried out, between the years 2000 and 2018, related to the evaluation of the degree of contamination of different types of milk by OCPs in different regions of the world. As a result, it was observed that although OCPs have been banned for use in agriculture since the 1980s, these compounds or their metabolites have still been detected in many samples, and in some cases the levels were above the maximum allowed by the World Health Organization. In addition, most of the samples presented contamination, which makes them a great risk to human health due to their bioaccumulation.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]A Macroanatomic Study on Broncho-Pulmonary Segmentation in Hasak Sheep النص الكامل
2019
Zekeriya Özüdoğru | Hatice Özdemir
A Macroanatomic Study on Broncho-Pulmonary Segmentation in Hasak Sheep النص الكامل
2019
Zekeriya Özüdoğru | Hatice Özdemir
In this study, 10 Hasak sheep lungs from Konya Bahri Dağdaş International Agricultural Research Institute, Unit of Experimental Animals Unit were used. Corrosion casting technique were applied to the materials. The corrosion cured materials were stored in water for one night. It was then incubated at 37 ° C in a 20% KOH solution for 24 hours. Corrosion casting technique and latex injection materials were photographed and presented in the study. The lungs were found to be wrapped with pleura visceralis (pleura pulmonalis) in the cavum thoracis. It was determined that the right lung was consisted of lobe cranialis (pars cranialis and pars caudalis), lobus medius, lobus caudalis and lobus accessorius. The left lung was composed of lobe cranialis (pars cranialis and pars caudalis) and lobe caudal. In the bronchus that shaped these lobes, it was determined that tacheae gave bronchus lobaris cranialis dexter (bronchus trachealis) mean 48.53 mm before the bifurcatio trachea, and later on it was divided into bronchus pirincipalis dexter and sinister. In this study, anatomical features of broncho-pulmonary segmentation and similarities and differences with other species were revealed.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Efecto de la edad de cosecha en las características poscosecha del plátano Dominico-Hartón (Musa AAB Simmonds) النص الكامل
2012
Mejía-Gutiérrez, Luis Fernando(Universidad de Caldas Departamento de Ingeniería) | Giraldo-Gómez, Gloria Inés(Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Manizales Departamento de Física y Química) | Ramírez-Ramírez³, Diógenes de Jesús(Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Manizales Departamento de Matemáticas y Estadística)
In this study a physical, chemical and physiological characterization of Dominico Hartón plantain grown in the Belalcázar municipality (Department of Caldas, Colombia) during harvest and post-harvest was carried out. The research was performed with fruits of 14, 16 and 18 weeks after flowering. Every two days until senescence changes in weight, firmness, parameters of color L*a*b*, pulp/peel, the relationship pulp/shell, maturity index, pH, humidity, starch, respiration rate and ethylene rate were measured. This study used a longitudinal repeated measures design, balanced, with a three-level factor. The factor evaluated was harvest time and the response variables were the physicochemical parameters. The results showed variation in weight near to 7%, the color parameter tint was between -61.46 and 86.74, chroma between 26.31 and 37.11 and DE of 1.4603 to 8360, the pH ranged from 6.2 to 3.98, pulp/peel of 2.53 to 4.11, the relationship °Brix/acidity of 11.36 to 26.2, humidity content between 60.56% and 56%, starch, 51.7% to 67% DM, the CO2 production rate between 3.4 and 8.9 g / kg. h, ethylene from 24 to 225 µL / kg. h. The maturation parameters showed climacteric behavior and total days of ripening were 9, 14 and 21 for the fruits of 18, 16 and 14 weeks from flowering. | En el departamento de Caldas, Colombia, se realizó la caracterización física, química y fisiológica durante las fases de cosecha y poscosecha del plátano Dominico Hartón (Musa AAB Simmonds) cultivado en el municipio de Belalcázar. La investigación se hizo con frutos de 14, 16 y 18 semanas después de la floración. Cada 2 días y hasta senescencia se evaluaron los cambios de peso, firmeza, parámetros de color L*a*b*, relación pulpa/cáscara, índice de madurez, pH, humedad, almidones, índice de respiración y tasa de etileno. En este trabajo se utilizó un diseño longitudinal de medidas repetidas, balanceado, con un factor en tres niveles. El factor evaluado fue el tiempo de cosecha y las variables de respuesta fueron los parámetros fisicoquímicos. Los resultados mostraron variación en peso cercanas a 7%, el parámetro de color tinte varió entre -61.46 y 86.74, el croma entre 26.31 y 37.11 y el DE entre 1.4603 y 8.360, el pH varió entre 6.2 y 3.98, una relación pulpa/cáscara entre 2.53 y 4.11, la relación °brix/ acidez entre 11.36 y 26.2, la humedad entre 60.56% y 56%, el almidón entre 51.7% y 67% de MS, la tasa de producción de CO2 entre 3.4 y 8.9 g/kg por hora, el etileno entre 24 y 225 µlt/kg por hora. Los parámetros de maduración mostraron comportamiento climatérico y los días a maduración total fueron de 9, 14 y 21 para los frutos de 18, 16 y 14 semanas desde floración.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Investigation of Virus Diseases and Molecular Detection of Little Cherry Virus 1 on Cherry Plants at Niğde Province النص الكامل
2019
Quratul Ain Sajid | Eminur Elçi
To investigate the virus infections of sour and sweet cherries, various locations of Niğde province were examined during 2017. Ninety sweet and sour cherry leaf samples showing suspicious virus symptoms were collected and screened with virus-specific primers: Little cherry virus 1 (LChV1), Cherry necrotic rusty mottle virus (CNRMV), Prune dwarf virus (PDV), Prune necrotic ring spot virus (PNRSV), Apple mosaic virus (ApMV), Cherry green ring mottle virus (CGRMV), Cherry leaf roll virus (CLRV), Cherry mottle leaf virus (CMLV), Plum bark necrotic stem pitting associated virus (PBNSPaV), Cherry twisted leaf virus (CTLV), Apple stem grooving virus (ASGV), Little cherry virus 2 (LChV2), Cherry rusty leaf virus (CRLV), Apple stem pitting virus (ASPV), Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV). Based on RT-PCR analysis, no amplification was observed except LChV1 amplifications, dsRNA analysis resulted in one suspicious profile. To validate those results, more sensitive TaqMan Real-Time PCR analysis and sequence analysis were conducted and LChV1 was detected on 7 samples. It can be concluded that only a low quantity of LChV1 infections was observed on some of the screened cherry samples.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Improvement of Nutritional Quality of Some Oilseed Meals Through Solid-State Fermentation Using Aspergillus niger النص الكامل
2019
Aydın Altop | Emrah Güngör | Güray Erener
This study aimed to investigate the effect of solid-state fermentation on the nutritional composition of cottonseed meal (CSM), sunflower meal (SFM) and hazelnut kernel meal (HKM). In this study, each feedstuff was divided into two treatment groups (unfermented and fermented) with five replicates. Nutritional changes in the feedstuffs were determined by analyzing crude protein, ether extract, ash, crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber contents. Solid-state fermentation had effects on the nutritional composition in all feedstuffs. The best improvement in nutritional quality was obtained from the HKM with increasing the crude protein and decreasing the structural carbohydrates content. Fermented HKM can be considered as an alternative protein feed for soybean meal considering the nutritional composition.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Farklı Gamma Işını Dozlarının İki Sıralı Arpada (Hordeum vulgare L.) Bazı Tarımsal Özellikler Üzerine Etkisi النص الكامل
2019
İlknur Akgün | Tuğçe Ayşe Karakoca | Ruziye Karaman
Bu çalışmada, Tarm-92 iki sıralı arpa çeşidi tohumlarına uygulanan farklı dozlarda gama ışınının (200, 300, 400 ve 500 Gy) M2 bitkilerinde bazı tarımsal özellikler üzerine etkisi incelenmiştir. Araştırma Isparta’da 2016-2017 vejetasyon döneminde yürütülmüştür. M1 generasyonunda, her dozda başak ve bitki görünümüne göre normal ve anormal bitkiler ayrı hasat edilerek 9 farklı [200, 200 A, 300, 300 A, 400, 400 A, 400 A (çift başak oluşumu ve başakta dallanma eğilimi gösteren bitkiler Ç.B.) 500 ve 500 A gray] grup oluşturulmuştur. M2 generasyonunda kontrol (ışın uygulanmamış) ile toplam 10 parsel yer almıştır. Araştırma sonucunda gama ışını uygulaması bin tane ağırlığı, hektolitre ağırlığı, kavuz oranı ve protein içeriği üzerine istatistiksel olarak önemli etkisi belirlenmiştir. Gama ışını uygulaması bin tane ve hektolitre ağırlığını önemli seviyede azaltmış, kavuz oranı ve protein oranını arttırmıştır. Araştırmada her gruptaki tüm bitkilerde bitki boyu, başak uzunluğu, başakta tane sayısı ve başakta tane ağırlığı özellikleri tek bitki üzerinde incelenmiş diskriminant analizi yapılmış ve gruplar arasındaki uzaklık sonuçları belirlenmiştir. M2 generasyonuda incelenen özellikler yönünden kontrole benzeyen bitki oranı 400 Gy %7,83, 200 Gy %10, 300 Gy %19,60 ve 500 Gy %22,22 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Doğrusal ayırma fonksiyonlarını içeren katsayılar incelendiğinde en etkin özelliğin başak uzunluğu olduğu belirlenmiştir.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Probiotic Yeasts and the Role of Yeasts in Probiotic Foods النص الكامل
2019
Eda Kılıç Kanak | Suzan Öztürk Yılmaz
Probiotics are defined as live microorganisms that provide beneficial effects when consumed in sufficient quantities. Currently available probiotics are bacteria such as Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and Bacillus. In recent years, yeast has presented great potential for the development of new probiotics. Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii is the only yeast that has been recognized and characterized as probiotic until today. This raises the question of whether other yeast species have probiotic properties. Recent investigations show that some species with probiotic evidence are Kluyveromyces marxianus and Pichia kudriavzeii, except S. cerevisiae. Most of the enzymes produced by the preserved yeast are involved in the metabolism of complex compounds in foods, thus forming the nutritional value and organoleptic properties of fermented foods. EFSA has given the QPS statue, the "food additive," only a few yeasts. In order to verify interesting properties, probiotic working of yeasts needs to be examined in more detail.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]On the Reasons of Fish Escapes from Sea-cage Farms in the Aegean Sea النص الكامل
2019
Okan Akyol | Tevfik Ceyhan | Aytaç Özgül | Faik Ozan Düzbastılar | Halil Şen
A total of 48 randomly selected fish farms from the coasts of Izmir and Muğla, Aegean Sea were visited face-to-face interviewing with fish farmers and a total of 329 coastal fishermen, catches around the sea-cage fish farms between July 2015 and July 2017. We asked them the reasons for fish escapes from sea-cage fish farms. Answers were concerning with the predator attacks, storms, biting of cage-nets by reared fish and seabirds, slits of the nets, drop during transfer, etc.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Structural Characteristics of Beekeeping Enterprises and Beekeeping Activities in Çanakkale Province النص الكامل
2019
Duygu Aktürk | Başak Aydın
In this study, socio economic structure of beekeeping enterprises in Çanakkale province was revealed and beekeeping activities were evaluated. The data were obtained from total of 87 beekeeping enterprises. The average age, education period, experience period in beekeeping activities, family size and family labor of the producers were found as 54.71, 9.28 years, 19.37 years, 3 persons and 2.21, respectively. The number of the places which the producers visited for migratory beekeeping, average number of the frames, age of the queen, average honey amount per colony and honeycomb changing frequency were found as 2.83, 10.62, 2.23, 12.65 kg and 2.68 years, respectively. When the honey products production was examined, it was determined that 1895.14 kg honey, 64.07 kg pollen, 0.10 kg royal jelly, 2.14 kg propolis and 46.03 kg beeswax were produced according to the average of the enterprises. The first five problems which the producers encountered in beekeeping activities were determined to be respectively as marketing of the crops, struggle with the illnesses, accommodation place, shipping and organizing. According to the factor analysis results, the first factor which included the external factors such as environment pollution, technical equipment level, robbery, climate and natural conditions was named as “External Factors”, the second factor which included the variables such as getting credit, variation in honey prices and input costs was named as “Financial Factors” and the third factor which included the variables such as illness and wintering losses, struggle deficiency and nutrition deficiency was named as “Inefficient Application”. According to the cluster analysis results, it was determined that “Inefficient Application” factor was emphasized in the first cluster and “External Factors” and “Financial Factors” were emphasized in the second cluster.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Niğde ve Karaman İllerinde Çiftçilerin Tarımsal Kredi Kullanım Kararlarını Etkileyen Faktörlerin Belirlenmesi النص الكامل
2019
Ali Berk
Bu çalışma ile Niğde ve Karaman illerindeki çiftçilerin tarımsal kredi kullanım kararlarını etkileyen faktörler analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma verileri, 67 çiftçiden yüz yüze anket yöntemi ile elde edilerek, Probit yöntemiyle analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen araştırma sonuçlarına göre, araştırma bölgesinde kredi kullanımı üzerine çiftçilerin eğitim düzeyi, hane genişliği ve ikamet durumu değişkenleri negatif, traktör varlığı değişkeni ise pozitif yönde etkilemektedir. Elde edilen modelin uyum iyiliği hakkında bilgi veren R2 değeri 0,209 olup, Akaike bilgi kriteri ise 1,321 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Bölgede krediye erişimde uygun koşullarda kredi kullanımında düzenlemelere ihtiyaç olduğu ve bu konuda yapılacak düzenlemelerin bölgedeki tarımsal üretimin devamlılığında katkı sağlayacağı açıktır.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Fındık Üretimi Yapan İşletmelerin Tarım Sigortası Yaptırmaya Karar Verme Sürecinde Etkili Olan Faktörlerin Logit Regresyon Analizi ile Tahminlemesi: Düzce İli Örneği النص الكامل
2019
Harun Kabaoğlu | Avni Birinci
Bu araştırma, fındık üretiminin yoğun olarak yapıldığı Düzce iline bağlı tüm ilçelerde, fındık üreticilerinin tarım sigortası yaptırmaya karar verme sürecinde etkili olan faktörlerin belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Düzce il merkezi ve 7 ilçede fındık üretimi ile iştigal eden 96’sı tarım sigortası yaptıran, 223’ü ise tarım sigortası yaptırmayan olmak üzere basit tesadüfi örnekleme yöntemi ile seçilen toplam 319 üretici ile 2016 yılında sahada yüz yüze görüşmek suretiyle anket çalışması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Anket sonucu elde edilen verilerle ilgili yapılan istatistiksel analizde lojistik regresyon yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada, bağımlı ve bağımsız değişkenler arasındaki ilişkiyi tanımlayabilmek için mümkün olduğunca en az değişken kullanılarak en yüksek uyum gösterebilecek model kurulmuştur. Kurulan modelde bağımlı değişken olarak tarım sigortası yaptırma/yaptırmama, bağımsız değişkenler olarak da üreticilerin bireysel özellikleri, işletme özellikleri ve bilgi kaynaklarına olan yaklaşımları ele alınmıştır. Her grup için ayrı ayrı analizler yapılmıştır. Analizler sonucunda istatistiksel olarak 15 değişken anlamlı çıkmıştır. Lojistik regresyon analizi sonucu hane halkı sayısı, aylık gelir, fındık arazisi miktarı, ortakçılık/yarıcılık, afet zararı, devlet yardımından faydalanma, sigorta bilgisi ve sigorta eğitim isteğinin üreticilerin tarım sigortası yaptırmaya karar vermelerinde etkili olan en önemli faktörler olduğu belirlenmiştir.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]