Otbiçenler çevre şartlarından etkilenmektedir. Otbiçenler hemen hemen her habitatta bulunurlar. Tür çeşitliliği ve birey sayısı özellikle nemli ve sık bitki örtüsüne sahip yerlerde artmaktadır. Otbiçenler bir çok ekosistemin önemli ve faydalı bileşenleridir. Ayrıca ekolojik açıdan incelendiğinde hem güçlü predatörler hemde güçlü indikatör türlerdir. Antalya nemli bir il olduğundan otbiçen çeşitliliğinin fazla olması beklenmektedir. Bu çalışmada Antalya’da otbiçen türleri ile yükseklik, ilçe, toprak türü ve bitki örtüsü gibi değişkenler arasındaki ilişkilerin uyum analizi ile incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Değişkenlerin kategorileri arasında var olan benzerlikler grafikler üzerinde gösterilerek yorumlanmıştır.

This research was carried out to determine the appropriate sowing density in camelina in Tokat ecological conditions. The study was carried out using Ames 26680 camelina genotype in 2016 and 2017 for two years. In this study, 10, 20, 30 and 40 cm row spacings were used. Plant height (cm), number of branches per, number of capsules per plant, number of seed / capsule, thousand seed weight (g), seed yield (kg/da), oil ratio (%) and oil yield (kg/da) were investigated. According to the results, the seed yields of the two years were significantly different. The highest yields were obtained from 20 cm (132,0 kg/da) in 2016 and from 40 cm row spacing (130,6 kg/da) in 2017. As the average of two years, yields from 20, 30 and 40 cm row spacings did not differ significantly. As the average of two years, the oil rate was 36,2% and the oil yield was 43 kg/da. Thus, it is concluded that in fall sowing under Tokat conditions, camelina can be sown in 20 to 40 cm row spacing using 10 kg seed per hectare.

Citrus reticulata Blanco crude flowers extracts (CFE) at four different concentrations (1, 2, 3 and 4%, v/v) were used as natural milk coagulant instead of rennet to apply for Cheddar cheese making from buffalo milk. The physicochemical properties of Cheddar cheeses were compared with cheese made with 0.002% (v/v) rennet (control cheese). Physicochemical properties of Cheddar cheese showed that cheese made with 1% and 2% of CFE had a crumbly and slightly softer texture/appearance. While cheeses containing 3 and 4% crude flowers extracts had semi-hard texture/appearance of curd similar to rennet added cheese. Protein analysis shows that crude flowers extracts made cheese had significantly higher protein content than control. The Cheddar cheese with 3% and 4% CFE were preferred by panelists instead of 1% and 2% CFE for their taste, texture/appearance and overall acceptability. Conclusively, crude flowers extracts coagulated Cheddar cheese fulfills the compositional requirement with acceptable organoleptic characteristics and at the same time provides nutritional health benefits.

Generalized Procrustes Analysis (GPA) is a multivariate statistic method that is used at the evaluation of sensory analyses in the food industry. GPA provides benefit in terms of decreasing the difference between the panellists and bringing the data obtained from different panellists together. In this study, the aim was to determine the effect of a pre-slaughter fasting period on sensory characteristics of lambs fed with different rations using GPA. Semi-trained panellists formed from twenty-six persons were requested for evaluation of the meat samples such as tenderness, juiciness, flavour and overall liking rated on a scale of 1(extremely dislike) to 9 (extremely good). The first two factors obtained by GPA explained 66.74% of total variability. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that 12 h and 24 h fasting of lambs fed barley supplemented with alfalfa hay were less preferable when compared to lambs fed alfalfa hay only. In addition, lambs in both groups with 48 h fasting were preferred less by the panellists. In conclusion, GPA analysis provides useful data concerning the sensitivity of each panellist in a sensory panel test.

In Turkey, the Rosary (Neem) tree, known as the Melia azedarach L. is a type of evergreen plant. In the world, four different species of tree grows native in India, Burma, Pakistan, South Asia, and Australia. In our country, the Neem tree (Melia azedarach L.) grows naturally in tropical zones with light yellow fruit and green leaves. Fruits can reach maturity in September-October morphologically. Neem oil from fruits and powder from fruits and leaves are the main products which are traded in abroad as organic substances. In this study, neem fruit was investigated to obtain the neem oil from Melia azedarach L. in details such as moisture content (MC), drying rate (DR), moisture ratio (MR), Azadirachtin amount (AZ) and macro and microelement parameters. The fruits were collected from locally Turkey and de moisturized in the greenhouse for one week than dried in Infrared cabinet dryer to obtain the neem oil. The Azadirachtin amount results were found 46.1; 45.4; 48.4 (mg/g) through three replications.

In this study, the most suitable mantle part and host mussel species for pearl sac formation were determined. A total of 400 mussels, consisting of four different types (Unio terminalis, Potamida littoralis, Leguminaia wheatleyi and Anodonta pseudodopsis) were used. The average dorso-ventral lengths of the mussels were respectively; 7.89±0.25; 7.28±0.38; 10.68±0.27 and 11.14±0.34 cm. Mantle tissue slices in the size of 3×3 mm obtained from the pallial edge of mantle tissue were used as grafts. Two different mantle sections were identified for graft implantation, one being the mantle cavity and the other was incisions on the mantle tissue. At the end of the three-month pearl culture, the mantle cavity section was identified as the best graft implant site. U. terminalis was determined as the most successful species in terms of survival rate and pearl formation. P. littoralis was the second successful species and L. wheatleyi was the lowest among the species. This study is a guide for long-term pearl production on nacre thickness and quality which are considered important in pearl production.

Pulses in Pakistan is used in combination with cereals to balance the diet. Its area and production is decreasing for last many years. In the barren and partly arid regions, water shortage is the major component that restricts yield. Using of drought resistance plant is one of the best ways for good cultivation under drought condition. As the pulses have great nutritional and economical values and drought stress affect their morphological features. The legume yield is mostly cultured in rain fed region of the Punjab where they bear a slighter quantity of water situation resulting in low yield of bean. To overcome these problems it is necessary to get knowledge about the performance of different lines of different pulses crops under water stress conditions. That’s why in this paper the information about the previous literature has been discussed.

Bu araştırmada amaç, Giresun İli Bulancak İlçesi fındık üreticilerinin tarım sigortası yaptırma durumları ve fındıkta sigorta yaptırmayı etkileyen bazı faktörlerin belirlenmesidir. 138 üretici ile çalışılmıştır. Bölgede fındık üretim alanlarında don, dolu ve rüzgârdan dolayı sık sık ürün kayıplarıyla karşılaşılmaktadır. Araştırmaya dâhil olan fındık üreticilerinin %97,83’ü doğal afetle karşılaşmış ve kayba uğramıştır. Üreticilerinin %84,78’i tarım sigortası hakkında bilgi sahibidir. Ancak çoğu (%60,87) tarım sigortası yaptırmamaktadır. Bu araştırmada tarım sigortası yaptırmada etkili olan faktörler Binary Logit analizi ile test edilmiştir. Üreticilerin sigorta yaptırmada istatistiki olarak olası etkili olan faktörler ise; üreticilerin sahip oldukları arazi büyüklüğü, yıllık tarımsal gelirleri, sürekli afet riski ve maliyetlerin yüksek olma durumu olarak belirlenmiştir.

Adana province is very suitable for honey bee (Apis mellifera) breeding in terms of climate, geographic structure and rich flora. This study was carried out to investigate of beekeeping structure in Adana. The research was carried out as a questionnaire with technical questions related to technical beekeeping by visiting 169 beekeepers in Adana. In this study, a questionnaire consisting of multiple choice and open-ended questions were used as a data collection method. This survey were obtained data on beekeepers personal information, educational status, reasons for starting beekeeping, how many years they have been beekeeping, recognition of bee diseases and pests, and reared bee species. It is an effort to depict the technical and economic characteristics of province beekeeping practices in order to discover the overall structure of beekeeping in the province. According to the results of the survey, 99.4% of beekeepers’ gender were male, average age 47.77, 58.5% of beekeepers’ education level were primary school, beekeeping experience averaged 19.22 years and colony numbers were 293.21 per beekeeper. Furthermore, the problems of beekeepers were tried to determine.