This study aimed to investigate the antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory properties of Muscari armeniacum, a plant native to Türkiye, which is known for its bioactive compound content. Ethanol extracts of Muscari armeniacum were prepared and analyzed using a variety of bioanalytical methods to assess its potential health-promoting properties. The antioxidant capacity was evaluated through Fe³⁺-Fe²⁺ reduction capacity, CUPRAC, DPPH, and ABTS radical scavenging activities. Additionally, the total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the extracts were determined, as these compounds are critical indicators of antioxidant potential. The antioxidant activity of Muscari armeniacum was compared with five standard antioxidants commonly used for benchmarking: BHA, α-tocopherol, BHT, trolox, and ascorbic acid. The extract demonstrated a high flavonoid content (23.24 µg QE/mg extract) and a significant amount of phenolics (14.38 µg GAE/mg extract), with the flavonoid content being particularly noteworthy. In addition to its antioxidant properties, the enzymatic activity assays revealed that the extract significantly inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzymes, which are associated with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s. The IC₅₀ values were determined to be 54.14 mg/mL (R² = 0.9695) for AChE and 58.73 mg/mL (R² = 0.9609) for BChE, indicating moderate enzyme inhibition. These results suggest that Muscari armeniacum could serve as a valuable source of bioactive compounds with significant antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities. Its potential applications in the treatment of oxidative stress-related diseases and neurodegenerative disorders make it a promising candidate for further pharmacological studies. This research underscores the importance of exploring native plants for their medicinal and therapeutic potential, contributing to the development of alternative treatments for challenging health conditions.

Population growth has increased demand and diversified use of Irish potato which have increased its demand. The crop has become a major source of food and income for many households across the world. However, despite the high potential of about 30 tonnes per hectare (ha), smallholder farmers in Kenya realize low Irish potato yields ranging from 4-8 tonnes per ha due to limited uptake of agricultural technologies. The low yields calls for a profound understanding of the factors influencing the uptake agricultural technologies. The study analyzed the effects of the adoption of agricultural technologies on Irish potato yield in Ol Kalou Sub County. The study considered chemical fertilizer, certified seeds, fungicides, and farm machinery as the four main agricultural technologies that that affect yield. A descriptive cross-sectional research design was used to obtain data from a study population of 21,942 smallholder Irish potato farmers in Ol Kalou Sub County. A multiple-stage sampling technique was employed to generate a sample size of 385 respondents who provided primary data. Data collected was analyzed using endogenous switching regression model using STATA version 17. The study found that the average treatment effect on treated (ATT) was 10.21 bags per acre. In addition, the Endogenous switching regression model showed that the expected yield for the adopter increased by 51.83%. Out of the four technologies, the use of chemical fertilizers had the highest effect of 37% on yield. The study concluded that the adoption of agricultural technologies increases the yield of Irish potatoes. The study recommends that national and county governments should develop policy regulations such as training and extension services, market access, price support and public-private partnerships encouraging farmers to uptake agricultural technologies. The study also recommends that both levels of government should subsidize agricultural technologies, hence reducing the cost of adoption.

A hybrid camel Tülü (Bactrian male x Dromedary female F1) males are preferred in camel wrestling, which is a culture unique to Anatolia. In this study, changes of live weight (LW), daily weight gain (DWG), and body measurements (BMs) of Tülü calves in the first 6 months of age in a farm in Aydın province, Türkiye, were determined as well as developing equations to estimate LW from body measurements. Tülü calves average birth weight (BW) was 34.7±1.80 kg and reached 175.3±3.38 kg at the age of 6 months with a 0.768±0.03 kg DWG during this time. Although the monthly total weight gains and monthly DWG averages of the calves in the first 6 months were similar, the changes in monthly LW and BMs were statistically significant (P<0.01). Abdominal girth (AG) alone can be used to predict LW in the analysis performed to estimate LW from body measurements by stepwise regression (R²=95.62%). In conclusion, Tülü calves had relatively high growth rate in their first six months of age, and unlike other livestock species, instead of hearth girth (HG), AG that includes the hump can be used to estimate LW of Tülü calves.

Bu çalışmanın amacı gebelikte, doğum sonrasında ve emzirme döneminde kullanılan tıbbi ve aromatik bitkiler hakkında genel bilgi vermek ve literatüre katkı sağlamaktır. Çalışmanın sonucunda; Adaçayı (Salvia officinalis L.), Nane (Mentha piperita L.), Melisa bitkisi (Melissa officinalis L.), Mayıs Papatyası (Matricaria chamomilla L.), bitkilerinin yaygın oranda; Ihlamur (Tilia tomentosa Moench), Kekik-Zahter (Thymus serpyllum L.), Isırgan Otu (Urtica dioica L.), Çörek otu (Nigella sativa L.), Badem (Amygdalus communis L.), Zencefil (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) bitkilerinin orta düzeyde; son olarak Ekinezya (Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench), Sarımsak (Allium sativum L.), Zerdeçal (Curcuma longa L.), Biberiye (Rosmarinus officinalis L.), Sarı Kantaron (Hypericum perforatum L.), Keten tohumu (Linum usitatissimum L.), Ahududu yaprağı (Rubus idaerus L.), Çemen otu (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) bitkilerinin ise az oranda kullanıldığı belirlenmiştir. Gebelerin, stres düzeylerini azaltmak, bulantı ve kusma gibi sorunlarla başa çıkmak amacıyla bitkisel ürünlere başvurduğu görülmektedir. Doğum sonrası dönemde de, stresin hafifletilmesinin yanı sıra süt üretimini artırmak için bitkisel çözümler tercih edilmektedir. Ancak, bazı bitkisel ürünlerin gebelik ve doğum sonrası dönemde kullanımı ile ilgili dikkat edilmesi gereken önemli noktalar bulunmaktadır. Böyle bitkilerin kullanımı gerek annenin gerekse bebeğin sağlığını olumsuz yönde etkileyebilmektedir. Bu nedenle, gebeler ve emziren annelerin, herhangi bir bitkisel ürün kullanmadan önce mutlaka bir sağlık profesyoneline danışmaları büyük önem taşımaktadır.

Mosquitoes play a critical role as disease vectors, making them significant in terms of both public health concerns and ecological balance. This study aims to identify mosquito specimens collected from Siirt city center and six different districts using morphological and molecular methods. A 658 bp fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene region was used for molecular diagnosis. The findings revealed four mosquito species: Culex theileri Theobald, 1903, Culex mimeticus Noè, 1899, Culex quinquefasciatus Say, 1823, and Anopheles superpictus Grassi, 1899. Mitochondrial gene PCR products were sequenced, and the sequences were uploaded to the NCBI database for public access. Phylogenetic analysis was conducted using these sequences to investigate the genetic distances and evolutionary relationships among the mosquito species. In the phylogenetic analysis, Chironomus kiiensis was used as an outgroup. The analysis revealed that C. quinquefasciatus and A. superpictus were had the highest genetic distance (0.16), while the closest genetic distance was observed between C. quinquefasciatus and C. theileri (0.06). This study is presented as a preliminary investigation into the genetic diversity, evolutionary relationships, and population dynamics of mosquito species in Siirt Province. Further studies with a larger sample size and additional sequences are needed to establish more comprehensive phylogenetic relationships. The molecular findings contribute significantly to the systematic and ecological studies of mosquitoes.

Studies on water occupancy rates have an important share in the sustainability of dam lakes, which are an important component of aquatic ecosystems. İmranlı Dam Lake was built between 1994-2002 for energy and agricultural irrigation purposes. This study is about the water occupancy rates of the İmranlı Dam Lake, located in Sivas province of Türkiye, between the years 2010-2021. The highest water occupancy rate of İmranlı Dam Lake was determined as 76.20 percent in 2018, while the lowest water occupancy rate was 27.70% in 2012. The average annual water occupancy rate of İmranlı Dam Lake between 2010-2021 was calculated as 56.86 percent. According to these values, it was determined that the water occupancy rates of the İmranlı Dam Lake did not face a significant decrease between the years 2010-2021. As a result, there is no short-term problem in terms of water occupancy rates in İmranlı Dam Lake. However, this does not mean that it will not be a problem in the long run. For this reason, taking into account the possible effects of climate change (CC), the water of İmranlı Dam Lake should be used sparingly and consciously. As a result of all these measures that can be taken, sustainability will be ensured in the İmranlı Dam Lake, and at the same time, water scarcity will be prevented, the continuity of aquatic vitality will be ensured and losses will be prevented.

In this study, the plants Melissa officinalis (Melissa), Elaeagnus angustifolia (Elaeagnus), Styrax officinalis (Styrax) and Echinops ritro (Echinops) were firstly used to prepare enriched bread and to study their effects on the shelf life of bread. Water and alcohol extracts of the plants were also prepared to determine their antibacterial and antifungal activities in-vitro. The focus is on their potential applications as natural preservatives in sustainable functional bread production. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated using the agar well diffusion assay. Results showed that alcohol extracts of medicinal and aromatic plants exhibited significantly higher antimicrobial activity than water extracts, with inhibition zones diameters ranging from 15-22 mm for alcohol extracts compared to 8-13 mm for water extracts. Gram-negative bacteria, such as Salmonella Paratyphi A, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae, showed resistance, with inhibition zone diameters below 10 mm. However, alcohol extracts from Styrax and Elaeagnus achieved inhibition zone diameters of 12-15 mm against these pathogens. Gram-positive bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus, showed promising results, with alcohol extracts zones averaging 20 mm and water extracts inhibition of zone diameters averaging 14 mm. Fungal inhibition zone diameters was effective, with extracts reducing Aspergillus niger growth by 85%. A shelf life experiment revealed that bread enriched with Elaeagnus and Melissa extracts remained mold-free for 7 days, while control samples developed mold within 3-4 days. Sensory analysis indicated that 80% of participants preferred the taste and aroma of Elaeagnus seed bread, with an average score of 4.5-5. The incorporation of medicinal and aromatics plants not only enhances bread flavour but also provides health benefits besides sell life of bread. These plants serve as valuable natural preservatives, improving nutritional value, extending shelf life, and inhibiting harmful microorganisms in sustainable bread production.

Drought, a critical abiotic stress worsened by climate change, poses a substantial threat to crop production and global food security. White cabbage is classified as a moderately drought-sensitive crop. The function of folic acid, otherwise known as folate, in the plant's response to drought conditions is not yet fully understood. The aim of the study was to evaluate the potential of folic acid in enhancing certain growth parameters and physiological traits of cabbage seedlings under limited irrigation conditions. In this investigation, the effects of FA as a foliar application at 0, 100, and 200 µM (FA0, FA1, and FA2, respectively) were examined on white cabbage seedlings grown under full-irrigation (I0) and restricted irrigation (I1), set to 50% of full capacity irrigation scheme (I0). Drought stress adversely affected the plant growth properties of cabbage seedlings, whereas FA treatments mitigated the adverse effects of drought stress on the plant growth properties of cabbage seedlings. Under restricted irrigation, plants treated with 100 µM FA (FA1) had higher plant height, stem diameter and leaf area, while plants treated with 200 µM FA (FA2) had higher plant dry weight and plant dry matter content. Plant fresh weight increased with FA treatments under restricted irrigation, but no significant difference was observed between doses. On the other hand, leaf relative water content (LRWC), which decreased under restricted irrigation conditions, increased with FA applications regardless of the dose, while electrical conductivity (EC), which increased under the same conditions, decreased with 100 µM FA (FA1) application. Leaf number, root fresh weight, root fresh weight, root dry weight, root dry matter content and chlorophyll value (SPAD) were not affected by FA treatments under both restricted and full irrigation conditions. In conclusion, foliar spray of folic acid in cabbage can be recommended as a potential application to alleviate drought stress.

This study aims to comprehensively evaluate land consolidation studies carried out in Türkiye between 1961 and 2004. Data from 509 land consolidation and on-farm development services projects carried out in 33 provinces of Türkiye were examined using statistical analysis methods. It was determined that land consolidation projects significantly contributed to more efficient use of agricultural lands, reducing the number of parcels and reaching more suitable sizes of agricultural enterprises. The results show that the average consolidation rate of the examined projects was 35.76% and an average increase of 81.45% occurred in parcel sizes. In the regional evaluations, it was determined that the Black Sea Region had the highest consolidation rate. In contrast, relatively lower success rates were obtained in the Eastern Anatolia and Southeastern Anatolia regions. These differences are related to land structure, property relations and agricultural enterprise sizes. It has been observed that technological developments, especially computer-aided mapping techniques and tools such as Geographic Information Systems, have increased the success of consolidation projects. As a result, it has been determined that land consolidation studies play a critical role in the sustainability of agricultural production. Still, more strategic planning should be made by considering regional characteristics. This study is essential for evaluating the historical development and impacts of land consolidation studies in Türkiye. It is also considered a guide for institutions carrying out consolidation studies.

This study comprehensively examines the applicability of the 5S methodology as a tool for enhancing efficiency, occupational safety, and sustainability in the agricultural sector. The 5S methodology, predicated on the principles of sorting, organising, cleaning, standardising, and sustaining, aims to create safer and more productive workplaces. The research investigates its effects on both indoor agricultural machinery manufacturing processes and outdoor crop production practices. The analysis reveals notable advantages in manufacturing processes, including reduced waste, enhanced occupational safety, and improved product quality, particularly in production, assembly, and quality control processes. However, the methodology faces limitations in outdoor agricultural practices due to seasonal variations and open-field conditions, which challenge the cleaning, sorting, and organising stages. However, its application in maintenance, repair, and equipment storage processes has been shown to prolong the lifespan of machinery and ensure safer working conditions. The 5S methodology aligns with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, serving as a practical approach to enhancing efficiency, workplace safety, and resource management in the agricultural sector. This study underscores the 5S methodology's promise as a sustainable solution for enhancing productivity and safety in agriculture.