Seed hardiness threatens the growth and yield of okra by causing low and non-uniform germination. Seed priming is an effective, ecologically sound, and practical technique to promote germination. A study was conducted from March to July 2024 in Chitwan, Nepal, to evaluate the effectiveness of different seed priming treatments in enhancing the germination, growth, and yield of okra. The study used a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications, under five different treatments: Control: no soaking, Hydro priming, NaCl @ 0.5%, KNO3 @ 0.5%, GA3 @ 100 ppm. Each plot consisted of twenty plants. Data on germination percentage, growth, and yield were recorded using standard methods. The collected data were examined employing MS Excel and R-studio version 4.3.2. Seeds primed with GA3 @ 100 ppm showed a significant rise in germination percentage (90 %), plant height at 30 DAS (17.50 cm) and 45 DAS (39.81 cm), leaf canopy diameter at 45 DAS (69.68 cm), fruit number per plant (9.15), fruit weight per plot (423.75 g), and maximum yield (1.41 t/ha), followed by other treatments. The leaf number per plant and fruit length were not significant. However, priming positively affected germination, growth, and yield parameters compared with the control (no soaking). The study found that priming okra with GA3 @ 100 ppm enhanced growth and yield. Seed priming with GA3 is recommended for okra production in Rampur, Chitwan.

Mevcut çalışmada, coğrafi işaret tescilli Çubuk Turşusunun fermantasyon süreci ve depolama sürecindeki bazı kalite özelliklerinin değişiminin izlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla, turşu örnekleri coğrafi işarete uygun şekilde, Ankara'nın Çubuk ilçesinde hazırlanmıştır. Süreç boyunca değişimler salatalık ve salamurada yapılan analizler ile gözlemlenmiştir. Salatalıklarda; ilk gün (taze salatalık), 7., 15., 21., 30., 45., 60., 90., ve 180. günlerde rutubet miktarı, kabuk (ekzokarp) ve iç (endokarp) renk (L*, a*, b*) değerleri, indirgen şeker miktarı, ve ekzokarp ve endokarp sertliği belirlenmiştir. Salamura örneklerinin ise pH, titrasyon asitliği ve tuz miktarı açısından ilk gün, 7., 15., 21., 30., 45., 60., 90., ve 180. günlerde analizleri yapılmıştır. Mineral madde içeriğinin değişimi hem salatalık, hem de salamurada; ilk gün, 7., 15., 21., 45. ve 180. günlerde incelenmiştir. Duyusal analizler ise 21., 30., 45., 60., 90., ve 180. günlerde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Fermantasyon ve depolama süresinde mineral madde içeriği İndüktif Eşleşmiş Plazma Kütle Spektroskopisi (ICP-MS) ile belirlenmiştir. Salatalık turşusu ve salamurasındaki mineral madde konsantrasyonundaki en büyük değişiklik fermantasyonun en hızlı olduğu ilk 7 günde gerçekleşmiştir. Çubuk turşusunun salatalık ekzokarp ve endokarp sertliğinin ise fermantasyon ve depolama süresi boyunca stabil kaldığı belirlenmiştir. Duyusal değerlendirme sonuçlarına göre turşular 21. günden 180. güne kadar kabul edilebilir düzeyde notlar almıştır. Tekstürel ve duyusal olarak Çubuk turşusunun kalite özelliklerini koruduğu ve sürecin stabil ilerlediği gözlemlenmiştir.

Kestane hortumluböceği Curculio elephas (Gyllenhal) (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) ve Kestane içkurdu Cydia splendana (Hübner) (Lep.: Tortricidae) kestane üretiminde kalite ve verim kayıplarına neden olan önemli zararlılardır. Aydın ve İzmir illerinde 2021-2023 yılları arasında yapılan bu çalışmada, hasat olgunluğundaki kestane meyvelerinde C.elephas ve C. splendana zararları incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla farklı yöresel ve tescilli çeşitlerden hasat sonrası meyve örnekleri alınmıştır. Meyvelerdeki genel bulaşıklılık oranı düşük olmasına (Aydın %9,44; İzmir %12,83) karşın bazı bahçelerde zararın %80 seviyelerine çıktığı görülmüştür. İki türün toplam zararı, 2021, 2022 ve 2023 yıllarında sırasıyla Aydın’da %14,58, %5,83, %7,93 ve İzmir’de %18,60, %13,47, %6,43 olmuştur. Zararda C. splendana’nın payı C. elephas’ın payından büyük bulunmuştur. Bahçelerde en yüksek C.elephas ve C. splendana zararı sırasıyla %30 ve %50 olarak saptanmıştır. C. elephas zararı Aydın’da %0,60-6,75, İzmir’de %1,89-9,17; C. splendana zararları Aydın’da %3,58-7,58; İzmir’de %3,00-9,69 arasında gerçekleşmiştir. En fazla zarar Beydağ ve Ödemiş ilçelerinde meydana gelmiş, onları Nazilli ilçesi izlemiştir. Zarar oranı kestane çeşitine göre değişmiştir. En fazla zarar tescilli çeşitler İbrahimbey Işıklar (%28,18) ve Karasu’da (%12,00); yöresel çeşitlerden (genotipler) ise Salman (%80,00), Deli (%39,50) ve Sarıaşı’da (%28,70), en az zarar Sarıaşlama (%8,00) ve Tahtakaraaşı (%8,22) çeşitlerinde belirlenmiştir. Tapanaşı çeşidinde zarar görmüş meyveye rastlanmamıştır.

Bu araştırma, yurtta kalan kız öğrencilerin beslenme alışkanlıkları, beden imaj algıları ve akademik başarılarının değerlendirilmesi amacıyla planlanmıştır. Araştırma Ocak 2024-Haziran 2024 tarihleri arasında Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesinde öğrenim gören ve yurtta kalan 18-24 yaş arası kız öğrenciler ile yapılmıştır. Araştırmaya dahil edilme kriterleri, yurtta kalıyor olmak ve araştırmaya katılmaya gönüllü olmak olarak belirlenmiştir.  Bu araştırmanın örneklemini belirlemek amacıyla yapılan power analizi sonucuna göre, %95 güven aralığında en az 185 kız öğrenciye ulaşılması hedeflenmiştir. Uygulanan anket formunda bireylerin sosyo-demografik özelliklerini içeren sorular sorulmuş ve beden imaj ölçeği uygulanmıştır. Aynı zamanda 3 günlük besin tüketim kaydı (2 gün hafta içi 1 gün hafta sonu), mezura ile bel ve kalça çevresi ölçümü, taşınabilir stadiometre ile boy uzunluğu, tanita ile bireylerin vücut ağırlığı ölçülmüştür. Akademik başarı ortalamaları ile kahvaltı saati, öğlen ve akşam yemeği tüketme durumu, yurtta akşam yemeği tüketimi, ara öğün yapma durumu arasında istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı bir fark bulunmuştur. Beden imaj ölçeğine göre vücutlarını yeterli ölçüde beğendikleri belirtilmiştir. Enerji (kkal), protein (gr), karbonhidrat (gr), yağ (gr), kolesterol (mg), vitamin C (mg), tiamin (mg), riboflavin (mg), Folat (µg), vitamin B12 (mg), kalsiyum (mg), bakır (µg), flor (mg), iyot (µg), demir (mg), magnezyum (mg), fosfor (mg), çinko (mg), potasyum (mg), sodyum (mg), posa (g), doymuş yağ asidi (g), tekli doymamış yağ asidi (g), çoklu doymamış yağ asidi (g) değerleri ile beden imaj ölçeği arasında istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı bir fark bulunmuştur. Alınan besin tüketim kayıtlarının ortalamaları ile bireylerin yeterince makro ve mikro besin ögesi alamadıkları, sağlıksız beslenme davranışlarının akademik başarı ortalamalarını etkilediği görülmüştür.

This study investigated selected quality and functional characteristics of 17 hulled wheat accessions (Triticum monococcum and Triticum dicoccum) preserved in the Türkiye Seed Gene Bank, along using four modern wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L. and Triticum durum Desf.). The samples were evaluated regarding grain color parameters (L*, a*, b*), thousand kernel weight, and protein content. Furthermore, total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activities were were analyzed using DPPH and FRAP assays. The differences between samples were statistically significant in terms of DPPH activity and protein content. Species-wise comparison demonstrated that T. monococcum and T. dicoccum had the highest average protein levels. The highest DPPH antioxidant activity was recorded in T. monococcum sample no. 10 (859.67 µg mL⁻¹), while the lowest was in sample no. 2 (532.58 µg mL⁻¹) of the same species. Significant variation was found across the samples for L*, a*, b* color values, Chroma (C), Hue angle (h°), thousand kernel weight, total phenolic content, and FRAP antioxidant capacity. The highest TPC was detected in T. dicoccum sample no. 17 (11.23 mg GAE g⁻¹), and the highest FRAP reducing power was found in sample no. 14 of the same species (22.10 mg TE g⁻¹). These findings demonstrate notable diversity among hulled wheats regarding the evaluated traits and suggest their potential as valuable genetic resources for wheat breeding programs.

The study produced milk drink that is high in protein and energy from soy beans and tiger nuts blends as well as to assess the beverage qualitatively and customer acceptability using response surface methodology (RSM). The principal raw materials used were soybeans and tiger nut. They were processed into milk at different formulations without using chemical preservative. Sensory evaluation, pH, titratable acidity as well as proximate and mineral compositions were determined. The results showed that the minimum and maximum colour score varied from 4.4 to 5.0. The quadratic model for colour was found to be significant (p<0.05) in tiger nut inclusion. The model equation obtained for colour = 4.50 + 0.048*A + 0.098*B + 0.019*A2 + 0.12*B2 + 0.18*A*B where A = Soybeans, B = Tiger nut. Mouth feel model’s F-value of 7.35 indicates that it was significant (p<0.05). Model terms are considered important when the “Probability > F” value was less than 0.05. The model for quadratic equation for mouth feel was 7.290. +5.00 -0.091*A -0.19*B -0.14* A2 -0.44* B2 +0.45* A*B. The model for the quadratic equation for Taste = +3.90 +0.030*A +0.020* B +0.21*A2 +0.056*B2 +0.075*A*B adequate precision = 3.65, corrected R2 = 0.29, R2 = 0.59 and the predicted R2 = -1.94. It was observed the pH values decreases with storage days from day 0 to day 8 for samples A, I and Z.  On day 12, the pH values increased for all the samples except for sample M.  The Titratable acid increased as the pH decreased. On the 0 day, sample A had value of 20.8 while sample M was 23.33. However, sample I increased from 0, 4, 8 and 12 days (20.19, 20.20, 22.47 and 23.73) respectively. Sample M had the highest protein content (3.52%), followed by sample A (3.21%), sample I (3.01%) and sample Z (2.02%). Sample Z had the lowest fiber content (0.30%), next was sample I (O.43 %), sample A (0.51%), and sample M (0.54%). The range of moisture contents was 81.03 to 82.04%.  Conclusively, optimizing soybeans at 100g/ml with 40 g/ml of tiger nut could help to improve the sensory attributes such as colour, taste, mouth feel, flavor and overall acceptance. The formulation could influence shelf stability of product, bridge protein in-balance and reduction in malnutrition level.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between plasma leptin levels in the early and late luteal periods of cows and conception rate. In the present study, the ovsynch + progesterone (P4) protocol was employed in 50 Holstein cows. Blood samples were collected on the 5th and 18th days following artificial insemination, and the levels of leptin and progesterone were subsequently measured. Subsequent to artificial insemination, mean leptin levels in the early (day 5) and late (day 18) luteal phases of the cows were measured as 5.96 ± 2.54 and 8.02 ± 4.14 ng/mL, respectively. Levels of leptin in the blood of pregnant cows on both day 5 (9.01 ± 4.40 ng/mL) and day 18 (12.04 ± 6.49 ng/mL) were higher than those in the blood of non-pregnant cows (4.44 ± 3.83 ng/mL and 6.01 ± 4.93 ng/mL, respectively). The findings revealed that progesterone levels on the 5th day following artificial insemination exhibited higher mean values (2.11 ± 0.64 ng/mL) in pregnant cows as compared to non-pregnant cows (1.49 ± 0.51 ng/mL). Furthermore, a higher level of progesterone was observed on day 18 in pregnant cows (8.89 ± 2.01 ng/mL) in comparison to non-pregnant cows (5.22 ± 2.21 ng/mL) (p<0.05). The study revealed that levels of the hormones leptin and progesterone were elevated in pregnant cows during the early and late luteal phase, in comparison to non-pregnant cows. However, no correlation was determined between P4 and leptin. The conclusion drawn was that, while there was a possibility that leptin levels could have an effect on the process of pregnancy and implantation, no relationship was found between progesterone and leptin levels

The green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer, 1776) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), has a broad host range including pepper plants and causes significant economic losses worldwide. The effectiveness of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in inducing plant immunity against pests has recently been tested on various plant insect pests. This study aims to investigate the impact of AMF colonization on the demographic characteristics of M. persicae feeding on the Demre type pepper cultivar. AMF (Glomus spp.) was ensured to colonize the pepper plant roots and the experiments were carried out in the climate room with plant growth LEDs under 25 ± 2 °C, 65 ± 5 RH and 16:8 light:dark conditions. As a result of daily counts, raw data on the aphid biology were analyzed in the Two-sex MSChart program. The findings indicated that AMF application did not result in any statistically significant differences in the biological and life table parameters of M. persicae. Furthermore, similar results were obtained when the results were compared with the control in the 45-day population simulation. Determining the AMF-plant-insect interactions with different plant species and insect species will make a significant contribution to increasing the success of biological control and preserving the natural balance.

Anaplasmosis, a vector-borne haemoparasitic disease, poses a significant threat to animal health. This study investigated the prevalence and associated risk factors of anaplasmosis in goats within the Chattogram district of Bangladesh. The research was conducted at the SA Quadery Teaching Veterinary Hospital (SAQTVH), Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (CVASU), involving observations of 202 goats. Blood samples were collected from the ear veins of 44 goats. Thin blood smears were prepared, stained with Giemsa, and examined under a microscope. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square tests in SPSS Statistics version 26. The study found that goat rearing systems significantly influenced infection rates (P < 0.05). Anaplasmosis was more prevalent in goats displaying pale mucous membranes and symptoms such as fever or weakness (P < 0.05). To mitigate the disease, strategic control measures, including vector reduction and routine health monitoring, are recommended.