Canary (Serinus canarius) is one of the most beautiful cage birds. They are small and delicate songbird species. Their origin is the Canary Islands in the Atlantic Ocean. They were first brought to Europe by the Spanish sailors in 1478. Than Britain, Germany, France, Netherlands and Italy were started professional canary breeding. The wild ones live in flocks, mostly on the edge of wooded lakes and creeks. While the color of canaries grown in cages is completely yellow, the wild ones are gray-green. Sound in the wild canary is stronger and more impressive. There are 3 types of canaries commonly produced. These are “Song canaries”, “Color canaries” and “Form canaries”. Nowadays they are often produced for their beautiful color and sound. This article gives brief information about canaries and to provide resources to enthusiasts who want to do produce has been prepared.

İşgücü, nüfusun üretimde etkin olan bölümüdür. Nüfustaki gelişmelere bağlı olarak oluşan toplam işgücü arzı ve ekonomik koşullara göre şekillenen işgücü talebi; piyasa oluşumunun iki temel unsurudur. İşgücü piyasaları; arz ve talebinin karşılaştığı, ücretin oluştuğu sosyal bir organizasyon olarak tanımlanabilir. Tüm piyasa yapıları içerisinde işgücü piyasası; işleyişi ve özellikleri nedeniyle ekonominin diğer birimlerinden önemli ölçüde etkilenen ve bunları yüksek oranda etkileyen konumdadır. Bu nedenle üretim sürecinde ve planlamasında işgücü piyasalarının detaylı analiz edilmesi gerekmektedir. İşgücü piyasaları içerisinde; ekonominin temelini oluşturan ve diğer piyasalara çeşitli kaynaklardan katkı sağlayan tarımsal işgücü piyasasının analiz edilmesine ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Çünkü tarım sektöründeki doğal kaynakların ve sermaye unsurlarının kullanımında doğrudan işgücünün katkısının olması, diğer sektörlere kıyasla tarımsal faaliyetlerde işgücünün birim alanda daha yoğun kullanılması, tarım sektöründen diğer sektörlere işgücü transferlerinin gerçekleştirilmesi, tarımsal işgücünün gizli işsizlik ve yapısal işsizliğin kaynağını oluşturması gibi nedenlerle tarımsal işgücünün incelenmesi ve sınıflandırılması gerekmektedir. Ayrıca kamu kurum/kuruluşları için veri oluşumunda kullanılacak işgücü çeşitlerini belirlemek, güvenilir istatistiki verilerin elde edilmesine katkıda bulunarak planlanan projelerde ve oluşturulacak politikalarda doğru karar süreçlerine erişimi kolaylaştırmak amacıyla tarım sektöründe işgücünün sınıflandırılması gerekmektedir. Belirlenen amaçlar doğrultusunda tarım sektöründeki işgücü çeşitlerinin belirlenmesi, yapılan kavramsal tanımlamaların bir araya getirilmesi ve literatürde anlamsal bütünlüğün sağlanmasına yönelik olarak bu çalışma gerçekleştirilmiştir.

The increase in consumers' demands for safer and healthier food has led to the development of many new products in food technology. For this reason, micro- or nanoencapsulation has become an important area in order to protect food components with functional properties against environmental conditions and to provide controlled release in recent years. As a matter of fact, many encapsulation techniques have been developed and many different active materials have been encapsulated. Nanoemulsions, a nanoencapsulation technique, are the process of encapsulating core material in two immiscible liquids. Nanoemulsions have higher stability and loading capacity compared to normal emulsions. It also increases the bioavailability of the core materials because of the increased absorption of the active material in the digestive tract. In this review, the required materials for nanoemulsion preparation, the nanoemulsification methods, and the studies on the encapsulation of various food components in nanoemulsions have been reviewed.

This study aimed to reveal relationship between the extensiveness of trichophytosis on the body and serum zinc levels in cattle. This study was carried out on 92 cattle with trichophytosis and 50 healthy ones. Serum zinc levels of healthy cattle were evaluated as control. The cattle with trichophytosis separated into 5 groups according to diffusiveness of the diseases. Experimental groups of this study were designed as follows; Group 1: up to 1 cm, Group 2: 1-5 cm, Group 3: 5-10 cm, Group 4: 10-20 cm and Group 5: widespread on the body. Serum zinc levels measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometer equipped with flame system. In general, the mean level of Zn in trichophytosis groups (0.613±0.013 mg Zn/L) was statistically lower than healthy ones (0.900±0.017 mg Zn/L). A negative correlation was determined between the diffusiveness degree of trichophytosis and serum zinc levels (r = -0.772). Serum Zinc levels were statistically decreased from the control group to group 3. However, a stable course was observed from 3 to 5. Therefore, the value of group 3 (0.6 mgZn/L) was determined as a critical value for the cattle with trichophytosis. According to regression analysis results, it was observed that the extensiveness of the trichophytosis lesions affected the levels of serum Zn levels significantly (r2=59.6%). Consequently, serum zinc levels of cattle decreased in an inversely proportional manner to the diffusiveness degree of trichophytosis and stabilization was observed at the level of 0.6 mg Zn/L.

In this study, the microbiological quality of traditionally produced Bez Sucuk in Tokat and its vicinity was investigated. For this purpose, 30 Bez Sucuk samples obtained from butchers, producers of Bez Sucuk, were analyzed for total count of mesophilic aerobic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, yeasts-moulds, total coliform, fecal coliform, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, and Cl. perfringens. Also, the presence of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. were investigated in all samples. pH and water activity of the samples were determined. As the result of the analysis, the counts of the microbiological parameters investigated were found as follows: total mesophilic aerobic bacteria 3.5×106-4.23×109 CFU/g, lactic acid bacteria 5.55×105-2.45×109 CFU/g, yeasts and moulds 2.50×103-6.90×109 CFU/g, total coliform

In this study, in vitro gas production values, gas production parameters (a, b, a+b and c) and organic matter digestibilities (OMD), metabolizable energy (ME), net energy lactation (NEL) contents, chemical compositions and feed values of different physical processed (raw, soaked, boiled and roasted) common vetch seeds (Vicia sativa) were determined by in vitro gas production technique. Rumen fluid, used in this study, was obtained by probe from one Holstein bull (seven years old, average live weight= 650 kg) raised at Research and Application Farm of Agricultural Faculty Atatürk University. Raw and treated common vetch seeds were incubated for 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72 ve 96 hours for the determination of in vitro gas production values and gas production parameters in rumen fluid. It was observed significant differences among all of the common vetch seeds in terms of chemical composition (DM, CA, OM, CP, EE, NDF, ADF, ADL) values (P

Küresel ısınmadan kaynaklanan iklim değişimi ve hızlı nüfus artışına bağlı olarak tüketimin yükselmesi doğal kaynaklardan suyun azalmasına neden olarak varlığını tehdit etmektedir. Dünyada kullanılabilir suyun büyük bir bölümü tarımda değerlendirildiğinden bitkilerin su ihtiyacının en doğru ve ekonomik şeklide karşılanması gerekmektedir. Bu bağlamda da suyun verimli ve ekonomik kullanılmasını sağlayan yöntemlerden biri olarak su tutucu polimer (SAP) uygulaması karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Araştırmada, su tutucu polimer SAP A200’ün farklı dozları [% 0 (kontrol), % 0,2, % 0,4 ve % 0,6 v/v] geleneksel (toprak) ve topraksız tarım yetiştirme ortamlarına [torf, perlit ve torf:perlit (1:1) v/v] uygulanmıştır. SAP A200 dozlarının Anadolu Sığla Ağacı (Liquidambar orientalis Mill.) ve Biberiye (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) türlerinin bitki gelişimine etkisinin belirlemesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma tesadüf parselleri deneme desenine göre 3 tekerrürlü olarak kurulmuştur. Bitki gelişim özelliklerini belirlemek amacıyla bitki boyu, gövde çapı, kök uzunluğu, kök kalınlığı, kök ile sürgün yaş ve kuru ağırlıkları belirlenmiştir. Araştırmadaki iki tür için, tüm SAP dozlarının bitki gelişim parametrelerini olumlu yönde etkilediği ve en yüksek değerlerin % 0,6 SAP A200 uygulamasında tespit edildiği gözlemlenmiştir. Toprak dışındaki tüm yetiştirme ortamlarında bitki gelişim değerlerinin daha yüksek olduğu ve en iyi sonuçların torf:perlit ortamında gerçekleştiği saptanmıştır.

Ultraviolet-B (UV-B: 280 to 320 nm) radiations have appeared to be detrimental to plants, due to their damaging effects on proteins, lipids, membranes and DNA. UV-B radiations are a significant regulator of plants’ secondary metabolites. High intensity of ultraviolet radiations may interfere with growth and productivity of crops. But low levels of UV-B radiations give rise to changes in the plants’ secondary metabolites such as phenolic compounds, carotenoids and glucoseinolates. Therefore, low intensity of UV-B radiations may be used to generate plants, enriched with secondary metabolites, having improved reproductive ability, early ripening and tolerance against fungi, bacteria and herbivores.

Weed-competitive cultivars are desired in the wake of growing popularity of organic farming, environmental pollution and evolution of herbicide resistance in weeds. This research work evaluated the weed competitive ability of three forage maize cultivars (ADA-523, AGA and SASA-5) against the noxious weed barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P.Beauv.). The study was conducted in spring 2018 and repeated in summer 2018. Results of this study showed that maize-barnyardgrass competition significantly decreased the growth of forage maize plants. For instance, barnyardgrass decreased the maize plant height by 11.9-16.9%, leaf length by 13.3-20.2%, leaf width by 20.2-27.4%, and number of leaves by 14.3-25.0%. Fresh and dry weights of maize plants were also significantly decreased as a result of weed-crop competition. Barnyardgrass decreased the shoot fresh weight (30.7-60.6%), shoot dry weight (33.3-52.2%), leaf fresh weight (33.4-56.5%) and leaf dry weight (31.9-50.0%) of the maize plants. An interactive effect of weed × maize cultivars was found non-significant. Forage maize cultivars also varied occasionally for their traits. Nevertheless, ADA-523 had a higher plant height, leaf length, leaf width, leaf fresh weight and leaf dry weight than the cultivars AGA and SASA-5. On the other hand, the cultivar SASA-5 had a higher shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight and root fresh weight than the other cultivars in the study. This research work concluded that the forage maize cultivars in the study did not vary for the weed-competitive ability. Further, barnyardgrass-maize competition could decrease the growth and development of the maize cultivars.