Due to the natural, ecological, anthropogenic, infrastructure urbanization and mineral extraction processing, etc. effects, there was a change in the phytocenosis, or the vegetation, related to the composition of the biocenosis in the territory of the republic. Vegetation mapping is required to prevent such negative processes. From this point of view, drawing up a map of vegetation on geobotanical contours at the level of type and formation classes is an actual problem in modern times. Therefore, the preparation of the relevant map in an electronic version was set as a goal. Thus with the application of the Geographical Information System ArcGıs) and the “ Electron Land Cadastre Registration Information System (ELCRİS) as well as with reference to the aerospace sounding method and investigations conducted, a map was developed based on the classification of vegetation. Referring to our research, “Vegetation map of Azerbaijan” was compiled on a scale of 1:600000.

Today, the most urgent problem for breeders is the creation of high-quality wheat varieties. Recently, the grain quality of soft wheat, especially the quality of gluten, has become low, despite its high content. It is known that, in the formation of grain quality, the contribution of the genotype is undeniable, from this point of view, the study of samples of competitive variety testing makes it possible to establish the direction of selection. The role of various traits in realizing the potential of a variety is different in a particular agro-ecological region, therefore, the purpose of this study was to study the dependence of grain quality on the genotype and growing conditions. The object was 99 samples, the studies were carried out in 2021-2022. Grain quality was assessed in the laboratory “Grain Quality”, according to the following indicators: the mass fraction of crude gluten, the quality of gluten, i.e., GDİ (gluten deformation index), sedimentation and protein content. The study of the quality of grain obtained from the control nursery of variety testing for the selection of soft wheat grown in the same conditions of irrigated soil of the Terter RES (regional experimental station) showed that the year of the study of the growing season significantly affects the formation of the quality of soft wheat grain. In this study, the protein content indicator turned out to be the most dependent on weather conditions. Along with this, the features of the genotype also have an impact on the formation of the quality of the crop. Consequently, climatic conditions have a significant influence, but at the same time, the properties of the genotype are undeniable.

The article provides detailed information on the prospects for the use of useful species of the family Rosaceae Juss., which is widespread in the flora biodiversity of Azerbaijan due to the number of species. The research was carried out using ethnobotanical research methods - observation, survey, questionnaire and other methods in 2022-2023. It was known that 15 species of the genus Crataegus, Rosa, Geum, Fragaria, Rubus, Sanguosorba, Sorbus, Fillipendula, Potentilla, Prunus and Cydonia belonging to the family have a wide area of application among the local population. In terms of use value index (UVi), species such as Crataegus monogyna, Crataegus saguinea, Rosa canina, Rubus caesius, Rubus saxatilis, Prunus spinosa and Cydonia oblonga are more important and widely used species. So, out of 15 species of medicinal plants, raw materials of 4 species are mainly used during colds, 2 species have a strong diuretic effect. Five species of plants have anti-inflammatory effects as medicinal raw materials.

This paper describes the complex relationships between climate variables, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and annual tree growth patterns in Samur Yalama National Park in Azerbaijan. Using dendrochronology, Landsat remote sensing imagery, and statistical analysis, the study examines the growth dynamics of English oak (Quercus robur subsp. pedunculiflora) and chestnut oak (Quercus castaneifolia). Methodologically, tree-ring width orders were analysed, utilizing Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Pearson correlation studies to discern the complex associations between climate factors (temperature, precipitation) and annual radial growth. The investigation also explored the linkages between NDVI and the radial growth of selected tree species in response to varying climatic conditions. Findings revealed distinct temperature-growth correlations across specific months, with positive associations in colder months stimulating growth and inverse relationships during warmer periods indicating differing growth responses. Precipitation analysis identified positive correlations during warmer months stimulating tree growth, contrasting with negative associations in transitional periods. Integration of NDVI data with tree-ring width indices uncovered subtle yet significant relationships, emphasizing NDVI’s potential as a vegetation response indicator to climatic shifts. This study provides comprehensive insights into the profound impact of climate fluctuations and NDVI on tree growth dynamics, contributing to a foundational understanding of ecosystem resilience in Samur-Yalama National Park.

In this reasearch, genotyping was conducted on 86 accessions of wild barley (Hordeum vulgare L. subsp. spontaneum C.Koch) and 85 accessions of cultivated barley (Hordeum vulgare L. subsp. vulgare) collected from 20 different regions in Azerbaijan. Amplicon sequencing technology was employed, revealing 255 specific single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers of a polymorphic nature. Out of the total options, 66% were transitions, and 34% were transversions. For the studied barley collection, the Genetic Diversity Index (GDI) and Polymorphism Information Content (PIC) were calculated as 0.347 and 0.280, respectively. Notably, the 6H chromosome exhibited the highest number of SNP markers, whereas the 7H chromosome displayed the fewest. Utilizing cluster analysis, the accessions were categorized into three main groups. Remarkably, the study successfully differentiated between genotypes of wild and cultivated barley. Employing the STRUCTURE program, the number of subpopulations (K) ranged from 2 to 5. The model with K = 4 was found to be the most consistent with the collection’s structure. The SNP markers acquired through multiplex amplicon sequencing demonstrate robust utility for diverse assessments and analyses within various collections. They prove suitable for exploring genetic variability and relationships, both in barley overall and in H. vulgare and H. spontaneum individually.

The studies on the phytochemical and pharmacological study of M. officinalis raw materials are being conducted in different countries of the world. There are reports that M. officinalis raw material is rich in flavonoid, terpenoid, phenolic acids, tannins and essential oils. The purpose of the work is to study the phenol content of M. officinalis raw material from the flora of Azerbaijan. Qualitative reactions and chromatographic studies confirm the presence of phenolic compounds in raw materials. Thus, as a result of the study of the composition of phenolic compounds of M. officinalis L. raw material from the flora of Azerbaijan by the high-performance liquid chromatography method, 18 substances were determined and identified. The indicated substances were identified for the first time in M. officinalis raw materials distributed in Azerbaijan.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of nanoparticles on the aging of cotton leaves by measuring the content of chlorophyll. Until now, the mechanism of chlorophyll degradation and the factors influencing this process have not been fully studied. In the presented research, the effect of nanoparticles on the degradation of chlorophyll and carotenoids, photosynthetic rate, Fv/Fm ratio and production of oxidants, ie. H2O2 and superoxide radical (O2-), lipoxygenase enzyme activity (LOX), and antioxidant enzymes SOD and CAT activity in 14-day-old cotton seedlings under dark conditions was investigated. Metal-based nanoparticles (ZnO, CuO, Fe2O3,TiO2) were used in the experiments. Cotton was grown in a controlled environment plant growth chamber. First, the compounds of chlorophyll and carotenoids were measured in the leaves of the third tiers of 14-day-old cotton seedlings, and then the seedlings were kept in the dark. The kinetics of the process depends on the composition and size of the nanoparticles. Nanoparticles do not significantly affect the increase of H2O2, superoxide anion during chlorophyll degradation, but ZnO nanoparticles do. Lipoxygenase, SOD and CAT enzymes activity in this process of nanoparticles is not seriously affected.

At present, there are 460 wild-growing and cultivated leguminous species belonging to 70 genera in Azerbaijan. The taxonomic composition of the Fabaceae family includes 3 subfamilies: Caesalpinioideae, Mimosoideae, Faboideae. The article provides information about the genera and species belonging to the subfamily Caesalpinioideae, their distribution, morphological, bioecological, useful properties and effective use. Based on research and literature review, it was revealed that taxonomic changes and additions occurred in the subfamily Caesalpinioideae. The subfamily Caesalpinioideae includes 8 genera and 13 species. This includes genera: Gleditsia L., Cercis L., Gymnocladus Lam., Parkinsonia Plum. ex L., Ceratonia L., Senna L., Erythrostemon Klotzsch и Biancaea Tod. The genus Erythrostemon Klotzsch and the species Erythrostemon gillesii (Hook.) Klotzsch (Caesalpinia gillesii L.) are included in the flora of Nakhchivan MR for the first time. All studied 13 species belonging to 8 genera are useful plants. It is proposed and recommended to increase, continuously and effectively use their decorative, landscaping, decorative-garden, medicinal, coloring, superfood, fruit-bearing, nutritious, technical properties.

The main goal of this research was to investigate the changes in the biological indicators, antioxidant and pro-antioxydant enzyme systems of 10-day-old soybean sprouts under stress conditions created by the equimolar concentration of NaHCO3 + Na2 CO3 salts. The results of the experiments revealed that the created stress has a serious negative effect on the development of the root and leaf systems of seedlings, including the amount of chlorophyll in the leaves. This effect begins to manifest itself at the weakest applied concentration and becomes stronger as the concentration of salts increases. At 150 mM concentration, the mass of the root system decreases by 3.5 times, and that of the leaves by about 2 times, compared to the control. A similar result is also observed in the dry weight of the root and leaf system of seedlings. The low concentration of salts (50 mM) induced the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the tissues of the root system of seedlings, while in the leaves it had a weak inhibitory effect on the activity of SOD and GR enzymes, and a stimulating effect on the activity of APX and CAT enzymes. Due to salt increase in the habitat, SOD and GP were weakened in both tissue cells, while in APX and CAT enzymes, this situation was observed only at the highest concentration of salt solution.

The climate of the area is dry subtropical, the natural vegetation is drought-resistant, heat-resistant and less demanding on soil.In accordance with these climatic conditions, plants have acquired a number of adaptations.Usually, xerophytic plants predominate, and in these soils, drought plant species with a strong root system, thorny, resistant to harsh winds, adapted to saline soils and sunny weather, are better developed. Mainly annual, perennial herba-ceous plants and shrubs are found. They have a number of adaptations against water loss (their leaves are hairy or limp, etc.) there is. Among annual grasses, ephemeroids predominate, and in perennials-ephemeroids. In modern times, in the territory of Azerbaijan, vegetation is subject to decline or degradation in man-made disturbed, including oil-polluted lands. So, here it is required to prevent anthropogenic and man-made effects, as well as based on the classification of phytoce-noses for the purpose of biological recultivation. We conducted phytoecological studies and identified 16 formation classes, 19 formation groups, and 26 associations in 5 vegetation types. Based on our analysis of the phytoecological descriptions recorded during field studies, we classified the selected oil-contaminated vegetation on the country’s territory according to the “objects of the study.” In 9 exemplary objects, we found the same number of formation groups related to the types of halophyte deserts, psammophyte deserts, semi-deserts, thickets, and wetlands in the vegetation classification. So, the appropriate classification was given by us for the first time.