Albania Public Finance Review : Part 2. Improving the Efficiency and Quality of Public Spending

World Bank

Albania Public Finance Review : Part 2. Improving the Efficiency and Quality of Public Spending

2014

World Bank

Albania's rapid growth in the decade up to the 2008 global financial crisis propelled it to middle-income status and helped to reduce poverty. The global financial crisis in 2008 slammed the brakes on Albania's largely domestic-demand-driven growth. The government has accumulated sizable arrears in payments for public works and value-added tax (VAT) refunds. In a baseline scenario of no policy reforms, Albania's public debt-to-gross domestic product (GDP) ratio is projected to reach 73.5 percent in 2015 and stay above 72 percent over the medium term. Empirical evidence confirms that high public debt depresses economic activity and significantly increases the probability of default. This report examines closely the opportunities for fiscal consolidation on both the revenue and expenditure sides. Combined effect of structural reforms will reduce Albania's public debt to GDP ratio significantly over the medium term. It can in parallel rebalance its capital spending, particularly in transport, toward maintenance to support growth. Albania needs to strengthen its institutions to reinforce financial discipline and strengthen fiscal policy. Institutional reforms are particularly needed with regard to public financial management (PFM) and introducing a fiscal rule to anchor policy over the medium term.

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Washington, DC

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National examinations; Compulsory education; University entrance examinations; Regional universities; Gross enrollment rate; Primary health care; Levels of education; Municipalities; Classrooms; Textbook; Secondary schools; Severe disability; Education system; Life expectancy; Class size; Education policies; Net enrollment ratio; Net enrollment rate; Public spending; Student data; Basic education for children; Functional reading; Higher education enrollment; Life expectancy at birth; Student population; School-age; Sports; Student assessment; Higher grades; Job security; Level of education; Curriculum reform; Teacher salaries; Private colleges; Education reforms; Enrollment data; Gross enrollment; Multigrade classes; Primary healthcare; Outpatient care; Teacher; Enrollment rates; Private school; Tertiary education; School-age population; School operations; Education offices; Health outcomes; Expenditures; Education departments; Investment in education; Labor force; Education facilities; Enrollment ratio; Academic programs; Disabilities; Average score; Vulnerable children; Education statistics; University education; Quality of higher education; Human resource planning; Student outcomes; Performance indicators; Literacy threshold; Crowded classrooms; Public investments; Enrollment rate; Student-teacher ratios; University students; Private higher education; Accreditation; Access to education; Foreign languages; Ger; Schooling; Extracurricular activities; Quality standards; Transparency; Unemployment rate; Health spending; Private universities; Quality of education; Ner; Provisions; Financial management; Student assessments; Human development; Curricula; Number of teachers; Public service; Entrance exam; Educational outcomes; Girls; State owned enterprises; Student characteristics; Net enrollment; Public; Exam; Education sector; School year; Regional education; Professional qualifications; Local governments; Corporate income tax; Career; Higher enrollment; Government spending; Private institutions; Basic competencies; Utilities; Institutions of higher education; Ministry of education; Quality higher education; Education budget; Public schools; Gender parity; Learning outcomes; Skilled labor; Education management; Equity in education; Reading; Career development; Public sector employment; Primary lower secondary; Enrollment statistics; Number of pupils; Preprimary education; Gross enrollment rates; Teacher certification; Gross enrollment ratio; Private schools; University teachers; Class sizes; Student performance; University entrance; School enrollment; Dropout rates; Universal coverage; School boards; Compulsory basic education; Public servants; Number of students; Classroom; Private school students; Teacher qualification; Ministries of finance; Salary increases; Skills requirements; Primary enrollment; National budget; Education policy; Degree programs

Language

English

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Albania Public Finance Review : Part 2. Improving the Efficiency and Quality of Public Spending

2014

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